1、Contrastive Approach to English-Chinese TranslationIn Chinas bigger cities, the rivers of bicyclesonce one of the most vivid images of urban Chinahave been replaced with streets jammed with cars, most of them, terrifyingly, in the hands of novice drivers. By banning or severely restricting motorcycl
2、e use in these cities, China has leapfrogged the development pattern of its Asian neighbors, where the motorbike has usually provided the newly affluent with their first taste of effortless mobility. Shanghai, home to about 9m ordinary bikes, aroused a flurry of media criticism last year by banning
3、them from main roads in the centre. But they are less and less used these days.To some extent, Chinas embrace of the car has been a predictable result of growing urban affluence. But several other factors caused demand in China, at least until a year ago, to soar beyond expectations. A huge boost ca
4、me when China joined the World Trade Organisation in 2001, which required a considerable easing of barriers on car imports. The prices of domestically-produced cars fell rapidly in anticipation of tariff reductions, and have continued to do so by 10% or more a year. Price cuts, and the introduction
5、by foreign car companies of cheaper models (made at their factories in China), also helped put car ownership suddenly withinreach of a fast-growing new middle class. “There is some similarity between the Chinese and American approach,” says Jean-Claude Germain, the chief representative in China for
6、Peugeot Citron. “When somebody doesnt have the cash to buy a car he will dream and will do everything to be one day in the position to have this product.”Another crucial engine of demand was a dramatic transformation in the social and economic structure of Chinese cities. Ten years ago, most urban r
7、esidents were employed by state-owned factories or other entities with links to government. They lived in housing assigned by their employers, virtually rent-free and usually close to where they worked. A bicycle, or public transport, was usually adequate to take them farther afield. The banks, too,
8、 did not lend to individuals. Since the late 1990s, however, housing has been largely privatised. Many state-owned factories have closed down or been shifted to suburban areas to reduce pollution in the cities and make way for new development. Close-knit communities have been scattered, often to the
9、 suburbs, to places ill-served by public transport and far from places of work.Most people in the countrysidewhere 60% of the population livewill never get beyond dreaming of having a car. But the psychological impact on many urban residents of the cars sudden affordability has been considerable.梦想汽
10、车在中国的大城市，自行车流-这个中国城市化曾经的典型代表 -已经被车满为患的现象所取代。拥挤不堪的车流中，有相当一部分都是新手，这种现象令人恐惧。即使通过法律明文宣布或者严格限制摩托车在这些城市的流动，中国迅速发展的步伐还是超越了亚洲的其他国家，在那些国家里，仅仅是那些新富们才有机会首尝移动的便捷性，驾驶摩托车。上海，拥有 900 万辆自行车的都市，去年由于在市中心法律明文限制自行车通行而诱发了媒体评价的骚动。但是现如今，自行车的使用率越来越低。从某种程度上来讲，中国汽车的拥有量已经成为城市化高度发达的结果。一些其他的因素也在拉动中国需求的增长，至少直到一年前，需求的迅猛增长是超出期望的。在中
11、国 2001 年加入世界贸易组织的时候，更大的需求产生了，这就要求对汽车进口限制的相对宽松。由于关税的降低，国产汽车的价格遽然下跌，并且以每年 10%或者更快的速度价格的下跌，以及从国外汽车公司经济型汽车款型的引进（在中国的分公司制造） ，促使汽车拥有量瞬间达到了一个高度快速发展的新阶段。 “中美社会有一定的相似性”金克劳德日尔曼，标志雪铁龙驻华代表说， “当一个人买不起车的时候，他就会做梦拥有一辆车，然后就会尽他所能，直到有一天他成为这辆车的主人.“Contrastive Approach to English-Chinese Translation另一个推动需求增长的因素是中国城市的社会和
12、经济戏剧性转变。十年前，大部分的城市居民受雇于国企或者一些和政府有关的企业。他们住在单位分配的房子里，不用付租金且离工作的地方很近。一辆自行车或者公共交通工具就足以满足他们出行的需要。在那时，银行也不向个人提供贷款。然而，从 90 年代后期起，住房已经开始大量出现私有化。许多国有工厂开始倒闭或者为了降低污染，为新型工业发展让出更多发展空间而搬迁到郊区。以前密集的居住区现在也已经开始呈现分散分布，走向郊区，或者搬迁到一些公共交通不发达且离工作区远的地方。大多数乡村人口-占总人口的 60%-能拥有一辆自己的车对于他们来说，永远都是一个遥不可及的梦。但是对于许多住在城市里的人来说，突然拥有一辆车而带来的心理负担和经济影响也是相当大的。
