1、2019/5/26,1,Teaching Writing,Unit 12,2019/5/26,2,I. The nature of writing in reality,1. What do we write in reality? 2. Why do we write? 3. How do we write? 4. Is writing in our English teaching classrooms the same as writing in reality?,Wang: 207-208,2019/5/26,3,accuracy-based writing tasks designe
2、d to practise certain target structures insufficient preparation before the writing stage no sense of audience/ authenticity no opportunity for creative writingtest-oriented,II. Problems in Classroom Writing Tasks,Wang: 212,2019/5/26,4,Generally speaking, the place of written exercises is to consoli
3、date the newly learned language. However, mechanical writing activities do not themselves motivate the students much.,III. Communicative approach to writing,2019/5/26,5,In order to motivate students to write, it is necessary to engage the students in some act of communication. i.e. writing for a spe
4、cific recipient, or engaging in an act of creative writing where their work is intended to be read by other people (intended audience). In short, students can be motivated by authentic writing tasks that have some communicative elements.,2019/5/26,6,It should be noted that at the stage of language l
5、earning, not everything can be purely communicative; the learners do many activities while keeping an eye on certain language elements. So writing activities can be between “writing for learning ” and “writing for communication”.,(Wang: 209),2019/5/26,7,practice,Do Task No. 2 and No 3.,(Wang: 209-21
6、1),2019/5/26,8,Product approach,Process approach,IV. A process approach to writing,(Wang: 208),(Wang: 213-219),2019/5/26,9,The process approach is defined as an approach to the teaching of writing which stresses the creativity of the individual writer, and which pays attention to the development of
7、good writing practices rather than the imitation of models. (Tribble, 1996, p160). Thus, the focus shifts from the final product itself to the different stages the writer goes through in order to create this product. That is by breaking down the task as a whole into its constituent parts.,2019/5/26,
8、10,Writing Processes,Creating a motivation to writeBrainstormingMappingFree writingOutlining DraftingEditingRevisingProofreadingConferencing,(Wang: 213-219),2019/5/26,11,Read the part of your textbook at Page 214 and get some idea about the features of process writing.,Features of Process writing,20
9、19/5/26,12,1. Pre-writing,Pre-writing is a very important stage of the whole writing process. During this stage we can help our students to work out a general plan for their writing. Activities may include deciding on the purpose, the audience, the contents, and the general outline.,2019/5/26,13,Dev
10、eloping a sense of purpose and a sense of audience,To have a sense of purpose and a sense of audience will significantly influence the first stage of the writing process, that of exploring possible content and planning outline.,(Gu: 14-17, Book 2),(Wang: 214),2019/5/26,14,practice,Suppose you are to
11、ld to write on the topic“My Town” without being told who the reader is and what the purpose of writing is. Now take a few minutes to write down a list of things you would include in this topic.,2019/5/26,15,Situation 1,You have been asked to write a report on your town to attract possible investors.
12、,Contents,Styles,Location Industrial resources Energy resources Communications & transport Main forms of industry Population figures & distribution Main forms of employment Unemployment figures Cost of land and property Local government incentives,Impersonal Formal Technical terms,2019/5/26,16,Situa
13、tion 2,You have been asked to write about your town for a tourist brochure.,Contents,Styles,Location Geographical features Size Population Places of historical interest Beauty spots Places of entertainment Hotels Restaurants Local specialties Local festivals Shopping facilities Transport,Impersonal
14、Formal (possibly informal depending on the style of the guide) General terms,2019/5/26,17,Situation 3,Your head has asked you to write a letter to a foreign teacher who will come to teach at your school next year.,Contents,Styles,Location Size Population Style of buildings Main features of the town
15、Main features of the region The school The students The teaching timetable Housing available Shopping facilities Transport facilities Sports facilities & parks Entertainment facilities,Personal (to a slight degree) Informal & friendly General terms,2019/5/26,18,ii. Generating ideas,to gather informa
16、tion or ideas about the topic (activities like questions and answers, group discussion, or brainstorming / bring some sample reading materials for the students to read before talking about their own ideas) (Gu: 17-18),Brainstorming,Wang: 214-215,2019/5/26,19,iii. Organizing ideas,to design some task
17、s to organize the ideas according to the sequences, categories or sub-topics of the general ideas. The purpose is to help students to group ideas and to form a general structure of their writing. (Gu: 19-21),Mapping,Wang: 215,2019/5/26,20,Editing,The writing process is a constant recycling of planni
18、ng, drafting, reviewing, re-planning, and revising until there is the final product. Editing is the most important activity of the post-writing stage and its purposes are to check for accuracy, provide feedback to a piece of writing for further improvement, and make the final version.,Wang: 216-218,
19、2019/5/26,21,1. Self-editing,2. Peer editing,Different Kinds of Editing,Wang: 216-218,2019/5/26,22,practice,Finish reading the left part of the textbook about process approach to writing and then do Task No. 6,2019/5/26,23,V. Motivating students to write,Question,How can teachers motivate students t
20、o write?,2019/5/26,24,Principles,Read the part of the textbook from Page 221 to Page 223.,2019/5/26,25,VI. Designing writing tasks,Read the four sample writing tasks. Discuss with your partners about what implications you can have about how to design good writing tasks.,2019/5/26,26,VII. Using the Internet to promote process writing,2019/5/26,27,Homework,Finish Task No. 10 after class.,2019/5/26,28,Thank You!,
