1、高考英语完形填空解题技巧与训练一、题型概况完形填空是对考生英语语言综合运用能力的考查,既考查考生对语篇的理解能力,包括篇章阅读理解、获取和分析信息的能力,又在语篇层面上考查学生在一定的语境中准确、恰当、得体运用词汇的能力。一般从词法，句法，语篇结构进行考查 。二、 题型特点体裁 年份 总量 数量 百分比 题源记叙文2011 18 13 72% 全国卷，北京卷，湖南卷，天津卷，湖北卷，福建卷，浙江卷，安徽卷，辽宁卷，陕西卷，四川卷，海南卷，江西卷，山东卷2010 18 13 72% 北京卷 湖南卷，福建卷 辽宁卷，陕西卷，四川卷，天津卷 浙江卷，湖北卷 山东卷 江苏卷 广东卷2009 18 15
2、 83% 全国卷 I.II，北京卷，湖南卷，天津卷，湖北卷，福建卷，安徽卷，辽宁卷，陕西卷，四川卷，广东卷 重庆卷等夹叙夹议2011 18 2 11% 重庆卷 江苏卷2010 18 2 11% 全国卷 I.II2009 18 1 6% 浙江卷(1)体裁和题材:20092011 年高考完形填空大多选择有一定故事情节和相对完整的故事的记叙文或夹叙夹议的议论文。题材大都富有教育意义,能给考生以启迪,类似人生感悟的心灵鸡汤的小短文,语言地道,文笔优美。(2)考点设置:完形填空设题完全不同于单项填空,以篇章语义为主,所设 4 个选项从语法角度考虑都正确。错误项只能通过语义、语境、常识、逻辑和搭配来排除。
3、三、完形填空的常见考查重点1） 对上下文语义的理解2） 对上下文逻辑关系的把握3） 对词语习惯搭配的掌握4）对近义，近形词的辨析（如：adapt, adopt. Adjust, addict / impress, express, explainCalm, still, quiet, silent . 另外，有一些词的特殊意义应注意：如 spot, observe, cover 等5） 对句子语法结构的分析四、完形填空解题技巧 1、注意前后语境，语义的理解考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析及推理的能力。高考的完形填空题中绝大多数属这种题型。有的根据上文、有的根据下文、有的要上下文结合，甚至通
4、篇看完并理解才能作出正确的选择。1)、 、 、 、 、 、then I had to walk several blocks in the increasingly heavy rain. When I finally got to my office. I was _through, exhausted and _(2011 山东卷)47 A wet B weak C sick D hurt48 A ashamedB discouraged C surprised D puzzled2) Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life
5、 as a process of getting. : give away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you _37_ money. This is how I _38_with giving-away. If an idea for improving the window displays of a neighborhood store _39_to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the _40_. If a car accident happens,
6、I think the _41_ will be needed, so I _42_them up and tell them about it, though I am not _43_here. （南宁市二模）37 A earn B lack C spend D steal38 A experienced B connected C combined D agreed39 A refers B occurs C sticks D agreed40 A postmaster B headmaster C storekeeper D policeman41 A police B soldier
7、 C sellers D owner42A put B turn C call D make43 A need B trouble C common D charge2、 通过 词汇的复现现象解题（词汇的复现是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到了相互衔接） 。1） The professorplaced upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans, and invited the students to _38_how many beans the ja
8、r contained. After _listened to shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the _40_ answer. (2011 全国卷 I)38 A count B guess C report D watch40 A ready B possible C correct D difficult2） I like to walk in the early morning with my dog. On this Saturday morning I w
9、as _1_the quiet morning, beautiful weather and lovely life while my _2_Jett and I made our rounds.At one home I passed, I noticed a _3_that was lying by the roadsideinstead of near the door. Thinking I would make someone elses life a little easier,I picked up the paper and gently threw it towards th
10、eir_6_. My aim was way off, and instead of _7_on the doorstep, the paper sailed in the _8_direction because of the strong wind and landed on the roof of a big truck in the driveway.(2012 模拟题)1. A enjoying B expecting C following D breaking2. A son B dog C friend D brother3 A letter B wallet C newspa
11、per D photo6 A window B truck C door D garden7 A sitting B landing C appearing D relying3、注意固定搭配 (考查考生对常见的英语固定短语和习惯用法的掌握情况。如：some.others; on one hand.on the other hand; former.,latter; hardly/scarcely.when; be about to do.when; make up ones mind wait for.等)1） I admired the fact that he would talk to
12、 students outside the classroom or talk with them _44_the telephone. 44. A. with B. by C. from D. on2) They spend millions of dollars yearly _2_ newspapers and magazinesA. in B. to C. on D.for 3) Tom told what he saw to the man and it wasnt long _ the police caught the thief. A. that B.before C. unt
13、il D. then 4) Some people in India do not eat meat or fish _6_. A. after all B. in the end C. at all D. no longer4、分析语法结构解题。 （主要通过长句来考代词,介词,和从句连接词等。 ）1. Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make_30_ difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him.A that
14、 B it C so D this2.then the great day came _41_he was to march past the palace in the parade.A where B since C when D till3 “Can I? I dont think I can,” Tracy said with a laugh. “But l do have _46_ when things come to me for no reason.”46. A. events B. chances C. feelings D. moments5、注意行文逻辑（考查考生对上下文
15、逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系、对比关系等。四个选项都是表示文章的起承转合、上下连贯等逻辑关系的词语。）1）Once he _42_ sang a song in class in order to make a point clear.42. A. also B. nearly C. even D. only2）After two years _38_ in the U.S. , Maja received her first artificial (人造的)leg. But _39_ it didnt fit well, walking for
16、 Maja was painful. _40_,she managed to graduate from a local high school.（2011 湖北卷）38.A.study B. operation C.treatment D.experiment39.A.until B.because C.although D.if40.A.Otherwise B.Therefore C.Besides D.However6、注意逻辑或 常识推理（考查考生根据文意和所掌握的知识经验进行简单的逻辑推理来确定选项的能力。）请看下面全国卷中的一个小题：1）He was reading my word
17、s out loud to the classthe whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show _53_, but what I was feeling was pure happiness53. A. shock B. wonder C. worry D. pleasure2) my whole world opened up _.I set out to live my life filled with _15_ , seeing endless possibilities
18、 for personal and professional achievements.(2011 天津)15 A hope B hardship C harmony D sadness3) But we run so much that, afterwards, we had trouble _45_.（09 北京卷）45 A. speaking B. moving C. sleeping D. breathing五、 完形填空的解题步骤1)通读全文，领会大意(2-3 分钟);2)逐句阅读，选出答案 (6-7 分钟);3)猜测难点、整体复查(2-3 分钟)。1.跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。
19、先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择，切忌仓促下笔。另外，读第一遍时要注意先读懂文章的首句和末句，因为这两句往往是没有被挖空的句子。它们往往是全文的关键句，是文章的“窗口”和“指南” ，可作为解题的突破口。2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较
20、和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。3. 瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。4.复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。六、巩固练习阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项并在答题
21、卡上将该项涂黑。There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the _21_ home from work in the evenings. A man will be _22_ the newspaper, and seconds later it _23_ as if he is trying to _24_ it. Or he will fall asl
22、eep on the shoulder of the stranger _25_ next to him. _26_ place where unplanned short sleep _27_ is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring（打鼾）so _28_ that the professor has to ask another student to _29_ the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing（尴尬）situation occurs when a student start
23、s falling into sleep and the _30_ of the head pushes the arm off the _31_, and the movement carries the _32_ of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no _33_ of getting there. The worst time to fall asleep is when _34_. Police reports are full of _35_ that occur when people fall int
24、o sleep and go _36_ the road. If the drivers are _37_, they are not seriously hurt. One womans car, _38_, went into the river. She woke up in four feet of _39_ and thought it was raining. When people are really _40_，nothing will stop them from falling asleepno matter where they are. (2011 全国卷 II)21.
25、 A. way B. track C. path D. road22. A. buying B. folding C. delivering D. reading23. A. acts B. shows C. appears D. sounds24. A. open B. eat C. find D. finish25. A. lying B. waiting C. talking D. sitting26. A. Next B. Every C. Another D. One27. A. goes on B. ends up C. lasts D. returns28. A. bravely
26、 B. happily C. loudly D. carelessly29. A. leave B. shake C. keep D. watch30. A. size B. shape C. weight D. strength31. A. cushion B. desk C. shoulder D. book32. A. action B. position C. rest D. side33. A. memory B. reason C. question D. purpose34. A. thinking B. working C. walking D. driving35. A. changes B. events C. ideas D. accidents36. A. up B. off C. along D. down37. A. lucky B. awake C. calm D. strong38. A. in time B. at first C. as usual D. for example39. A. dust B. water C. grass D. bush40. A. tired B. drunk C. lonely D. lazy
