1、IF 的虚拟语气例(1)Mary said to me, “Had I seen your bag, I _ it to you.“A. will returnB. must returnC. could returnD. would have returned(【 答案】D)(2004 年 4 月 45 题)二、省略 if 的虚拟形式在虚拟条件句中，如谓语包含 were，had，should 等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略 if。例(1)_ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss
2、in his business.A. If he tookB. If he should takeC. Were he to takeD. Had he taken(【 答案】D)(2004 年 4 月 32 题)例(2)_, I should ask them some questions.A. Should they come to usB. If they come to usC. Were they come to usD. Had they come to us(【 答案】A)(1997 年 30 题)三、含蓄条件句有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫
3、含蓄条件句。常用with，without，but for 。例(1)Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth _ well.A. would not growB. will not growC. had not grownD. would not be grown(【 答案】A)(2004 年 11 月 32 题)例(2)But for my classmates help, I _ the work in time.A. did not finishB. could not finishC. will not finishD. would
4、not have finished(【 答案】D)(2004 年 4 月 36 题)四、特殊词或结构中的虚拟语气： 以 wish(that)引导的表示“ 愿望”的宾语从句wish 后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语wish 从句 (主语过去时)；表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语wish + 从句( 主语过去完成时 )；例(1)I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there.A. wereB. would beC. had beenD. will be(【 答案】C
5、)(2001 年 53 题) if only +句子(过去时 /过去完成时)“要是就好了 ”If only 后面的句子如果是对现在或将来情况的虚拟，用过去时 did ；如果是对过去情况的虚拟，用过去完成时 had done . 要注意与 if 区别，if 只表示假设，“如果”，用真实语气；而 if only 表示不可能实现的情况，用虚拟语气。例如：If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响就好了。(对过去虚拟)If only I were rich. 要是我富有就好了。 (对现在虚拟) would rather 句子(过去时)表示宁愿、宁可的意愿，语气比较婉
6、转。后接过去式。例(1)I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner.A. comeB. would come C. came D. have come(【 答案】C)(2002 年 46 题) it is time(that)，it is high time (that)句型中，谓语动词用过去时，表示早该做而未做的事，意思是该了、早该了.例(1)Lets finish our homework in a few seconds; its time we _.A. played foo
7、tballB. will play football C. play footballD. are playing football(【 答案】A)(2004 年 11 月 43 题) 以 as if，as though 引导的从句在 as if， as though 引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时，它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和 wish 后面的从句动词形式变化相同。例：He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. knowsB. knew C. had known D. would have known(【 答
8、案】B。本句表示说话人对现在的情况有所怀疑，所以用过去时。)五、should+ 动词原形及 should 的省略(1)、一些表示建议、要求、命令等的动词本身隐含说话者主观的意见。因此这些动词(或其变形，如名词，形容词，分词等)后面的从句应使用虚拟语气，即“should do” 结构，其中的“should”常被省略。如：表“提议、建议 ”的动词： suggest ,advise, propose, recommend, move(提议);表“要求、主张 ”的动词： insist, require, request, demand , desire ;表“命令 ”的动词：order, comman
9、d.例(1)I dont think it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he has no experience.A. be assigned B. is assigned C. will be assigned D. has been assigned(【 答案】A)(2006 年 11 月 29 题)例(2)His mother insisted that he _ the coat when going out.A. put onB. puts onC. to putD. putting on(【 答案】A)(1999 年 58 题) 此处
10、省略了 should.(2)、It is necessary/important/essential/ vital/urgent / surprising/ amazing that 引导的主语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用 should+原形动词，should 也可以省略。此类形容词的特点是表示重要性或吃惊。例(1)it is vital that enough money_collected to get the project started.A. is B. be C must be D can be(【 答案】B)(2004 年 11 月 24 题)例(2)Its urgent that a meeting _ before the final decision is made.A. will be arranged B. must be arrangedC. be arranged D. would be arranged(【 答案】C)(2003 年 4 月 45 题)(3)、以 in case, lest, for fear that 引起的状语从句，表示 “以防，以免”。其形式为 should+动词原形。如：He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.他把雨衣带在身上以防下雨。
