1、中学英语语法知识总结- 1 -词类（二）冠词冠词是置于名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词，他不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有两种，见下表： ”“: 特 指表 示数 名 词 连 用复 数 的 可 数 名 词 及 不 可可 与 单定 冠 词 组 之 前单 数 名 词 或 单 数 名 词 词用 在 以 元 音 音 素 开 头 的 组 之 前单 数 名 词 或 单 数 名 词 词用 在 以 辅 音 音 素 开 头 的不 定 冠 词 、thean一、a / an 的用法：1. 当第一次提到某人或某物时，用 a / an 起到介绍的作用。e.g. Whats this? Its a radio.2
2、. 指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。e.g. A boy is looking for you.3. 表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有 one 强烈。e.g. I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.4. 表示“每一” ，相当于“every” 。e.g. Lucy and I go to school six days a week.5. 用在序数词前，表示“又一” 、 “再一” 。e.g. Mr. and Mrs. Shute had a daughter called Jane. Then they had a second childa so
3、n. 6. 使物质或抽象名词具体化，表示“一次” 、 “一种” 、 “一场”等。e.g. Its a pleasure to talk to you.7. 用于可视为一体的两个名词前。e.g. a knife and fork8. 用在某些固定词组中。e.g. have a cold, once upon a time; in a hurry; make a face; have a try; a great many; have a good time; have a swim = swim; have a talk = talk二、定冠词的用法：1特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。e.g. S
4、how me the photo of the girl. The knife on the desk is mine.2指双方都知道的人或物。e.g. Where are the pens, Jim?3指上文提到过的人或物。e.g. Li Lei lives on a farm. The farm is not far from here.4用在世界上独一无二的事物前。e.g. The sun is much bigger than the earth.5用在序数词及形容词最高级前（副词最高级前常省略 the） 。e.g. He is the best friend of mine. Thi
5、s is the first time I come to China.6用在可数名词的单数形式前，表示一类人或物。e.g. The pig is a useful animal.7用于姓氏的复数形式前，表示该姓氏的一家人或夫妻两人。 （作主语，谓语动词用复数形式）e.g. The Greens have been in China for five years.8用于乐器名词前。e.g. Let me play the piano for you.9与某些形容词（poor, rich, young, old）连用，表示一类人或物。 （作主语，谓语动词用复数形式）中学英语语法知识总结- 2 -
6、e.g. The old should be taken care of in our country.10用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。e.g. the Great Wall the Womens Hospital11用在一些习惯用语中。e.g. in the morning; on the left; at the end of; at the same time; all the year round; the next morning; in the east / west / north / south12. 在句型“动词 + 人 + 介词 + the + 人体部位”要用 the，
7、而不是物主代词。e.g. take sb by the hand 抓住某人的手hit sb on the head 打某人的头pat sb on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀三、零冠词的情况：1除了一些特殊情况外，在专有名词或不可数名词前不加冠词。e.g. China; Grade Two; milkMan is mortal. 人必有一死。Wisdom is better than strength. 智慧胜于力量。2名词、序数词、形容词的最高级前已有 this; that; my; your; some; any; every 等代词修饰时。e.g. She is my best
8、 friend.3复数名词表示一类人或物时。e.g. Pigs are useful animals.4在星期、月份、季节、节日前。e.g. I go to school on Monday.I was born in July.On Childrens Day, my mother took me to the zoo.5在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。e.g. After lunch, Aunt Huang came in.6在三餐和球类运动的名词前。e.g. I often have supper at 6:00.Liu Ming is good at playing football.7.
9、 在表示交通工具、学科名称的名词前。e.g. by plane; by boat; on foot; American history; English literature8. 在报纸标题、图像说明、文章题目、标志、广告前不加冠词。e.g. Workers Mind 工人的心声（报纸标题）Girl wanted 招聘女侍者一名（广告）9在某些固定短语中。e.g. at noon, in water, on land; learn by heart; at last; year after year; on show; go to bed; for example; in surprise;
10、at once; go shopping / swimming / boating / fishing 冠词的特殊用法：1catch a cold 的意思是“染上感冒” ，其中的冠词 a 可以省去，但如果 cold 前有形容词，a不能省去。e.g. catch a bad cold（得了重感冒）2breakfast / lunch / supper 前有形容词时，形容词前要加不定冠词。e.g. have a light breakfast（吃简便的早餐）3在季节前一般不用冠词，但如果指某年的某个季节，则要用冠词 the。e.g. in the spring of 2005（在二 OO 二年春季
11、）中学英语语法知识总结- 3 -Exercises: 09 年各地中考真题( ) 1. My English teacher has _ 8-year-old girl called Mary.A. an B. a C. the D. /( ) 2. Sandy often takes her dog for _ walk around the lake after supper.A. a B. an C. the D. /( ) 3. -Can I help you?-Yes, _ egg and a glass of milk, please.A. a B. an C. the D. /(
12、 ) 4. -Eric, what would you like to be when you grow up?-_ actor like Jackie Chan.A. The B. A C. An D. /( ) 5. -Whos _ young man with long hair?-Hes a friend of mine.A. a B. the C. an D. his( ) 6. _ old man behind Mary is _ university teacher.A. An; an B. A; the C. The; a D. The; an( ) 7. I hope we
13、can fly to _ moon one day.A. a B. an C. the D. /( ) 8. -Do you play _ piano in your free time?-No, I like sports. I often play _ soccer with my friends.A. /; the B. the; / C. the; the D. a; a( ) 9. -Lets play _ basketball after you finish your homework.-Good idea.A. a B. the C. / D. an( ) 10. -I just have _ cup of milk for _ breakfast.A. a; a B. the; the C. a; /( ) 11. -How do you go to _ work?-I usually take _ bus.A. the; a B. /; a C. a; a D. the; /( ) 12. Mary has a bad cold. She has to stay in _ bed.A. a B. / C. the
