1、1第六次 虚拟语气虚拟语气: 动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、惊奇、设想等. 一：语气的种类陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？How good a mother she is! 她是多好的一位母亲啊！祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 Dont (you) for
2、get to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。二：名词性从句中的虚拟语气1. 在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 从句动作与 wish 同时发生：从句用过去式 did 或 wereI wish I knew the answer to the question. I wish
3、I were a bird.从句动作发生在 wish 之前：从句用过去完成时（肯定句也可用 could+have gone）.I wish I hadnt wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。 (事实上已浪费了)He wishes he hadnt lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。( 其实已失去)例题：I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D
4、. have slept从句动作发生在 wish 之后：从句用“would/should/could/might + do.I wish it would stop raining. 我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢 )I wish she would change her mind. 我希望她会改变主意。 2. 在表示建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气常用的此类动词有：要求：ask, desire, request, demand, require 命令、主张：order, command, insist提议、劝告、建议： propose, suggest, recommen
5、d, adviseHe insisted that we (should ) tell him the truth.When I suggested that he try the new way, he said no. 注意：She insists that she is right. (表 “认为”, 相当于 think, believe,不用虚拟语气)His pale face suggests that he is ill. (表 “表明,暗示”时不用虚拟语气) )例题： It is politely requested by the hotel that radios _ afte
6、r 11 oclock at night.A. were not played B. not be played C. not to play D. did not play3. would rather 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。 I would rather he came tomorrow.John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.注：若某人愿自己做某事，would rather 后用动词原形. I would rather s
7、tay at home todayId rather have met her yesterday. (Id like to have met her yesterday, but I didnt.) would rather than 中用动词原形. I would rather stay at home than go out today4. “had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and stu
8、dy there, but she said she liked to stay in China.5.“It is /was +形容词 /过去分词 + that”结构中,主语从句中使用虚拟语气结构中形容词/过去分词是表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等, 其后的主语从句的谓语2用虚拟语气, 形式为: (should)do 常用的形容词：natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的), advisable (合适的), preferable (更可取的), necessary (必须的), important (重要的), urgent（紧迫的）常
9、用的过去分词: required (需要的 ), demanded (要求), requested (被请求的), desired (要求) suggested (建议), recommended (推荐) orderd (命令)It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand th
10、erule of school.6. 虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中表示建议, 请求, 命令的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句用虚拟语气，形式为(should)do. 这类名词常见的有：demand (要求), desire (请求),requirment (要求) order (命令), advice (劝告), recommendation (建议), suggestion (建议), proposal (提议), plan (计划), idea (办法)We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off我们都赞成你提出的
11、将讨论延期的建议。My advice/ My idea is that we (should) leave at once.三. 状语从句中的虚拟语气1. if 引导的条件句中if 从句 主句与现在事实相反 过去时(did/ were) would/ should/ could/ might + do与过去事实相反 过去完成时(had done) would/ should/ could/ might + have done与将来事实可能相反 过去时/ should+do / were +to do would/ should/ could/ might + doIf I were you,
12、I would accept his offer.If he had listened to me, he would have succeeded.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.注意: 条件句中可把 if 省掉,提前 had, should, were 构成倒装.Were I you, Had he listened to me, Should it rain tomorrow,without(若没有), but for (要不是) otherwise(否则), but 等可用来表虚拟.Without / But for y
13、our help, I couldnt have succeeded.It rained yesterday, otherwise I would have gone to the party.I could have gone to the party, but it rained yesterday.错综时间句: 若主句和从句的动作不同时发生, 则要根据具体的时间分别考虑.If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now. (从句与过去相反用过去完成时; 主句与现在相反用 would/ should/ could/ might
14、 + do)2. as if/ as though 引导的从句中 若从句动作与主句动作同时发生, 则从句用过去时. He looked as if he were drunk.若从句动作发生在主句动作之前, 则从句用过去完成时. He talked as if he had been to the Mars.若从句动作发生在主句动作之后, 则从句用 would/ should/ could/ might + do.注意: as if/ as though 引导的从句中也常用陈述语气, 表可能性较大.It looks as if it is going to rain. It seems as
15、if they are in a hurry.3. in case (万一), lest (惟恐), for fear that (惟恐)引导的状语从句中, 有时用 should,表 “万一”Take an umbrella in case it should rain.He started early for fear that he should / might be late.4. so that, in order that 引导的状语从句中, 谓语常用 can, could, may, might + do.I started early so that I could catch
16、the early bus.四. 定语从句中的虚拟语气在 It is（high /about）time 后边的 that 从句中，动词用过去式，表示早该做某事了。例：Dont you think it is time you _ smoking?A. give up B. gave up C. would give up D. must give up3答案：B五. if only 特殊结构: if only “要是就好了”, 与现在相反,用过去时; 与过去相反,用过去完成时; 与将来相反,可用 would/ should/ could/ might + do.If only I were y
17、oung!If only I had met her yesterday!If only we could have a day off tomorrow!虚拟语气练习题(高考) 1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 2. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.
18、 A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 3. If he _, he _that food. Luckily he was sent to hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 4. I insist that a doctor_ immediatel
19、y. A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for 5. The rice_ if you had been more careful. A. would not be burning B. would not burn C. would not have been burnt D. would not burnt 6. If it_ for the snow, we_ the mountain yesterday.A. were not; could have climbed B. were not;
20、 could climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb 7. -We could have walked to the station; it was so near. -Yes. A taxi_ necessary at all. A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wont be 8. Yesterday, Jane walked away from discussion. Otherwise she _ something she would r
21、egret later.A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said 9. You didnt let me drive. If we_ in turn, you_ so tired. A.drove, didnt get B.drove; wouldnt get C.were driving; wouldnt get D.had driven; wouldnt have got10. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldnt suffer so much now
22、. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. shouldnt lie 11. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone 12. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediately. A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be 13. I _ you some mone
23、y, but I hadnt any on me then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent 14. Your advice that_ till next week is reasonable. A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited 15. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have com
24、e D. had come 16. Looking round the town, he felt as though he _ away for ages. A. has been B. was C. is D. had been 17. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _round the earth. A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling18. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set 答案：CDBDC CADDC ABBBC DAB
