1、The Lost & Beat Generation,Gertrude Stein,Ernest Miller Hemingway,Period,The Lost Generation,duringWorld War I1883-1924,The Beat Generation,in the post-World War II era1948-1962,The Origins,The Lost Generation,The “Lost Generation” was the generation that came of age duringWorld War I. The term was
2、popularized byErnest Hemingway who used it as one of two contrasting epigraphs(铭文) for his novel,The Sun Also Rises(太阳照常升起).In that volume Hemingway credits the phrase toGertrude Stein, who was then his mentor(导师) and patron(赞助人).,The Beat Generation,TheBeat Generationwas a group of authors whose li
3、terature explored and influenced American culture in the post-World War II era. The bulk of their work was published and popularized throughout the 1950s. “Beat” means rejection of standard narrative values, the spiritual quest, exploration of American and Eastern religions, rejection of materialism
4、, explicit portrayals of the human condition, experimentation with psychedelic drugs(迷幻药), and sexual liberation and exploration.,The Cords,The “Lost”,Lostmeans notvanishedbutdisoriented,wandering,directionless a recognition that there was great confusion and aimlessness among the wars survivors in
5、the early post-war years.,The “Beat”,rejection of standard narrative values, the spiritual quest, exploration of American and Eastern religions, rejection of materialism, explicit portrayals of the human condition, experimentation with psychedelic drugs, and sexual liberation and exploration.,Repres
6、entation in Behavior,The Lost Generation,Many of these intellectuals lived abroad, especially in Paris, as expatriates(侨民), but most of them later returned to America voluntarily.,The Beat Generation,Many Beat generation had worked in and around San Francisco., living an un conventional spontaneous(
7、自然地) way of life. During the 1960s, the “Beats” ideas and attitudes were absorbed by other culture movements, and those who practice the “beat” life style were called hippies.,Significance,The Lost Generation This temporary emigration of American talent into cosmopolitan(世界性的) cities such as Paris,
8、is significant to American culture in two parts. One, because it aided in the desire for a cosmopolitan culture to be established and to exist in America. Two, because when American Culture became more defined, European and other countries began to recognize a distinctive Democratic American culture
9、,The Beat GenerationOriginally derided by most serious critics and lampooned（讽刺） as beatniks（披头族） by the popular media, the beats were rehabilitated in the 1970s. Their work, the basis of numerous academic courses and the subject of hundreds of books, significantly changed American literary conventions and values, and their lifestyle inspired restless souls and cultural rebels of all stripes. In June 2001 the manuscript（手稿） of On the Road sold at auction for $2.43 million.,Thank you!,
