1、8.2 四、六级作文的几种写作套路根据对历年四、六级作文实考题的分析，我们归纳了以下几种写作套路，以帮助作文基础不太好的学生理清思路，不至于拿起笔无话可写，也不至于下笔离题万里。这些套路在教学实践中是可行的但不是完美的，恰当使用这些套路的关键在于灵活运用而不是生搬硬套。8.2.1 套路一 观点辩论型这类作文在四、六级考试中频繁出现，一般都在给出标题的同时，在提纲或提示中指出：（对某一问题）有人认为,还有人认为,你认为;或者， （对某种情况）有一种观点是,你的观点是。 这类作文可以按照提纲作文的分析思路，确定文章的主要内容是通过与不同观点的辩论，来阐明自己的观点。在方法上，1、你可以在不同观点中
2、选择一个自己支持的观点,并阐述理由；2、你也可以在概述别人观点以后给出自己的不同观点或折中观点，并加以说明。在布局上，一般要将文章在总体上安排成开头、中间、结尾三个部分。 Sample 1My View on OpportunitiesThere is no consensus of opinion in society about_. There are some people who believe that _. Others, however, argue that _. As far as I am concerned, I am on the side of _ with foll
3、owing reasons.One reason for this is that _. Another reason is that _. One strong reason for my argument is that _.In a word, I believe that_.There is no consensus of opinion in society about opportunity. There are some people who believe that opportunity favors only a small number of people. Others
4、, however, argue that opportunity comes to everyone from time to time. As far as I am concerned, I am on the side of the latter with following reasons.One reason for this is that opportunity is all around us. The secret is to recognize opportunity and to grab it in time because it will not come to y
5、ou of its own accord. Another reason is that opportunity is something we create by ourselves and it is not something that can turn up upon waiting. One strong reason for my argument is that opportunity is only for the prepared mind. Those, with absent mind, may have little opportunity.In a word, I b
6、elieve that opportunity treats everyone on an equal basis. It waits for nobody but only for those who are well prepared.Sample 2Where to Live While at CollegeWhen it comes to _, different _ have different answers due to their _. Some _ because _. Others, however, contradict this idea. From their poi
7、nt of view, _. Personally, I am in favor of _ opinion as a result of the following considerations.To begin with,_. Next_ . Last but not the least , _.Based on the above discussion, it is not difficult to draw a conclusion that _ outweighs _. Of course, there is no gainsaying that _, but as far as I
8、am concerned, I _.When it comes to the issue over where to live while at college, different students have different answers due to their financial conditions and lifestyles. Some like to live inside campus because life there is easier and more economical. Others, however, contradict this idea. From
9、their point of view, life outside campus is more comfortable and exciting. Personally, I am in favor of the former opinion as a result of the following considerations.To begin with, life inside campus is more convenient. Classrooms, dining halls and libraries are all right here under ones nose. Take
10、 classes as example, if the class begins at 8, you just have to get up at 7 and you can have enough time to do washing and enjoy your meal. Next, it saves money. To rent a room outside campus costs you far more than to live on campus. Last but not the least, life on campus is more meaningful and you
11、 can fully enjoy the atmosphere of academic life since lectures, seminars and forums are around you.Based on the above discussion, it is not difficult to draw a conclusion that life inside campus outweighs that outside campus. Of course there is no gainsaying that students should not live outside, b
12、ut as far as I am concerned, I like to live on campus.Sample 3On MoneyAs far as _ is concerned, opinions vary widely. Some people think of _ as _. They are of the opinion that with _ they _. Without _ , they _.Others, however, believe that _. From their point of view, _. For instance, _ are all conn
13、ected to _.As I see it, we _. What really counts is _. If you _. But when you _.As far as money is concerned, opinions vary widely. Some people think of money as the source of happiness. They are of the opinion that with money they can have delicious food to eat, fashionable clothes to wear and a lu
14、xurious house to live in. Without money, they will inevitably be in distress.Others, however, believe that money is the root of all evils. From their point of view, the pursuit of money drives many people to commit crimes. For instance, theft, robbing and corruption are all connected to money.As I s
15、ee it, we should not put the blame on money because money itself is a token or symbolic tool. It is innocent. What really counts is the attitude we take toward it. If you always put money in the first place in any of your act, then money can become troublesome, or even fatal. But when you are convin
16、ced that many more things in the world are more meaningful and important than making money, you will surely be happier and more open-minded.8.2.2 套路二 现象剖析型这类作文多为提纲作文，其特点为：先要描述一种现象，然后剖析该现象的优点、缺点或该现象存在的原因，最后表明你的看法或解决问题的措施和建议。Sample 1 Combat CheatingIt is indeed the case that _. In spite of the fact th
17、at _, _ still _.Two main factors contribute to _. One major factor is _. The fact that _ can be another factor. No wonder _.How to deal with this problem? In my opinion, we have to _. Meanwhile, we shall _.It is indeed the case that cheating on exams has been serious at school. Many students admit t
18、hat they have committed cheating once or twice in the past or at least they have been tempted to cheat. In spite of the fact that school authorities have imposed a severe punishment on dishonest students, cheating on exams still frequently happens nowadays.Two main factors contribute to this phenome
19、non. One major factor is out of fear. Many students are afraid that they may fail in the exam if they depend on their own abilities. And a failure in an exam, to some extent, is a failure in ones personal advancement so they try fair and foul to pass the exam. The fact that some students want to see
20、k fortune by luck in their academic study instead of by hard work can be another factor. No wonder so many students resort to cheating on exams at the risk of being fined or dismissed from school.How to deal with this problem? In my opinion, we have to reform our exam-oriented educational system to
21、make it a really effective tool to evaluate students. Meanwhile, we shall instill moral education into students mind to arouse their awareness.Sample 2For a Better Understanding between Audience and Spring Festival GalasNowadays there is often a lack of understanding between_ often complains about_
22、_while _ Then, _. There are some possible reasons for the present situation. First, _ Second, _Finally,_ As a result, the gap between them is growing wider and wider. To bridge this_ gap, in my opinion, both _and _ should make an effort_ it wont be long before the arrival of a better understanding b
23、etween_.Nowadays there is often a lack of understanding between the audience and the general directors of the annual spring festival galas. The audience often complains about the unsatisfactory designing of the programs, while gala directors usually think the audience too hypercritical and fastidiou
24、s. Then, there would spring up viewers criticism, sometimes followed by directors answering back, in the newspaper, over the radio and on TV, leaving no room for both sides to compromise.There are some possible reasons for the present situation. First, with a history of nearly 20 years, the annual e
25、vents of galas are shaping the keenest interest and highest expectations of the audience; viewers are difficult to satisfy. Second, the directors, due to years of exploration and repetition, are to some extent at their wits end to come up with something really new and special. Finally, with the bitt
26、er exchanges of debate by means of modern media, both audience and director are too impatient to calmly exchange ideas, even if they find it necessary to communicate. As a result, the gap between them is growing wider and wider.To bridge this so-called audience-director gap, in my opinion, both side
27、s should make an effort. The audience should respect the directors hard work. The directors, on the other hand, shouldnt belittle the amateurs opinion, suggestion and criticism. If they will take the first step by actually talking to one another, it wont be long before the arrival of a better unders
28、tanding between audience and director, hence better galas. Sample 3 Positive and Negative Aspects of Motorcycles_ enjoy some advantages _. Above all, _. Moreover, _. Last but not the least, _. In conclusion, _.However, the disadvantages of _ cannot be ignored. The biggest problem is _. Studies have
29、proved that _. Besides, _. And it should be pointed out _, thus _. Needless to say, _. It can be safely predicted that _. But this trend will _, for _. In a word, _.Motorcycles enjoy some advantages which other transport means do not have. Above all, they are faster than ordinary bicycles, thus savi
30、ng time and energy. Moreover, they are smaller than cars in size so that they are less likely to be caught in traffic jams which are a big headache to every urban resident. Last but not the least, they are much cheaper in price and maintenance than cars, though more expensive than bicycles. In concl
31、usion the motor bicycle offers a good choice between bicycles and cars.However, the disadvantages of motor bicycles cannot be ignored. The biggest problem is the serious pollution. Studies have proved that a motor bicycle sends off more waste gas to the air than a car does. Besides, the noise they p
32、roduce is intolerable. And it should be pointed out that they have more chance of causing traffic accidents, thus reducing their safety. Needless to say, they are less comfortable to ride, especially in bad weather.It can be safely predicted that more people will buy motor bicycles as their living s
33、tandard rises. But this trend will not persist very long, especially in some big cities, for the municipal governments have limited their number in urban areas, and some cities claim to ban motor bicycles from entering the center of the city. And as peoples demand for quality life rises, a boom of c
34、ar consumption will arrive. In a word, motor bicycles will be mainly in rural areas.(1) 优点(advantages, positive aspects, merits )(2) 缺点(disadvantages, negative aspects, demerits )(3) 观点(attitudes, opinions, views; prediction)8.2.3 套路三：寻求方法型这类作文也多以提纲作文出现，或以图表作文的形式出现。若是提纲作文，模式一般为：提出问题；分析多种方法, 或多种因素；找出
35、适合自己的方法或得出结论，这一部分应是文章的重点。若是图表作文，则参照图表作文的写法，先描述，再分析，最后结论。Sample 1How to Face up to Your DifficultiesLife is not always full of_. Every person has his own difficulties no matter how_. So it is of vital importance to_.Some people feel_; others resort to_; still others_.The positive method is to_.Life i
36、s not always full of smiles and flowers. Every person has his own difficulties no matter how high his position or how great his achievement is. So it is of vital importance to have a correct attitude to face up to difficulties. Some people feel so dejected about their difficulties that they fall int
37、o pessimism; others resort to putting the blame on others, the society or circumstances; still others are frightened by difficulties and give up halfway. All these people dont use their abilities to overcome difficulties. So their attitudes are negative.The positive method is to utilize your ability
38、 to clear away your difficulties that appear in your way of life rather than run away from them. Confront difficulties with joyful energy and enthusiasm, and you will find the difficulties are really not so hard as they appear and they will disappear in due course. Sample 2 How to Find a Good JobHow
39、 to_? According to my experience, I think you should at least take the following factors into consideration.One factor is _. Another factor is _.Still another factor is that _.To sum up, when you _, you should consider _.How to choose a satisfactory job? According to my experience, I think you shoul
40、d at least take the following factors into consideration.One factor is whether you like the job or in other words whether the job makes you happy. Most people are ambitious and want to make an achievement in their careers, and usually the best way to do this is that you like the job. Only if you are
41、 interested in what you do, can you put your whole energy into it, and therefore, you are likely to succeed in your field of work.Another factor is salary. Certainly it is not true that money is everything, yet without money nothing can be done. To live more comfortably is a part of human nature and
42、 to realize this needs enough money. A good job usually offers a good salary. So it is inevitable to take salary into account when we choose our careers.Still another factor is that the job you are hunting for should have a good prospect. Our society changes rapidly and todays good job may not be th
43、e good one tomorrow. Therefore, while choosing our jobs, we should never forget the potential power of the job you are looking for.To sum up, when you choose your job, you should consider if you like it, if it is well paid, and if it has good prospect.Sample 3 How to Speak in Class Everyone is likel
44、y to_. Can you handle this with ease? _. Here are some suggestions that may be helpful:First, _. Second, _. The last point is that _. Actually, _is not that difficult, as long as you bear these things in mind, you are bound to _.As a student, everyone is likely to be asked to make a speech in class.
45、 Can you handle this with ease? Is your speech good enough? Here are some suggestions that may be helpful:First, you should be clear about the main points that you will talk about. But you neednt to remember it all. You only need to know the most important points that are indispensable to your speec
46、h.Second, you must speak loudly enough so that not only the teacher but also your classmates can hear you. Its necessary for you to speak a little more loudly than usual lest your effort would be in vain.The last point is that you must keep constant eye contact with the audience when you are speakin
47、g. Its a kind of politeness and an art of attracting the listeners attention. Above all, remember not to look sideways! Actually, to speak in class is not that difficult, as long as you bear these things in mind, you are bound to make a good speech8.2.4 套路四：概念阐述型 这类作文考查考生对格言警句或某个抽象理念的理解，一般是提纲作文。写作的模
48、式是先阐释自己对所给概念的理解，再通过例证的方法论证其蕴含的道理，最后将自己对格言、警句的理解与现实生活结合，画龙点睛，结束文章。Sample 1 Haste Makes Waste(欲速则不达)There is a popular saying, “_“, which suggests that _. Indeed, _ will, more often than not, lead to _. Life is filled with examples. A good case in point _. Another good illustration is _. In short, _.T
49、here is a popular saying, “Haste makes waste“, which suggests that the faster one tries to finish, the longer it seems to take him. Indeed, undue priority to speed will, more often than not, lead to undesirable consequences.Life is filled with examples. A good case in point is in house building. In ord
