1、v-ing 形式作状语v-ing 形式作状语时，用于修饰某动词或整个句子，所表示的动作与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。v-ing 形式作状语时，可以单独使用，也可以在其前加上 when，while，after，if，unless，although，though 等连词，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随、方式等。1. 作时间状语Hearing this news, she got frightened. 听到这个消息，她感到害怕。Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football.Turning around ,
2、he saw a tiger running up.2. 作结果状语The boy ran even faster，reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了，到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.Her husband died, leaving her four children.They fired, killing many people in the street.3. 作伴随状语He stood by the window
3、, watching people passing by his window.He came running.She stood waiting for a bus.He sat there reading a book.The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing.4. 作原因状语Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note.Not knowing his telephone
4、number, I couldnt get in touch with him.5. 作让步状语Having lived here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors. 虽然我在这儿住了四年，我对邻居们都还不熟悉。Working or reading, she always did her best. 不管是工作还是阅读，她总是竭尽全力。Not being a rich man himself, he helped the poor generously. 尽管他自己不算富裕，他却是慷慨的帮助穷人。6. 作条件状语Heatin
5、g water, we can change it into vapour. 把水加热，我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。Working in his small room, he made three pairs of shoes every day. 在他的小房间里工作，每天做三双鞋。Using your head, youll find a good way.Working hard, youll surely succeed.7. 作目的状语He stayed up late into the night, attempting to pass the entrance exam. 他晚上睡得很
6、晚，想通过考试。注意：一、V-ing 的时态和语态。下表以动词 do 为例说明现在分词的时态和语态的不同变化形式及其否定式的构成：1.现在分词的一般式表示该动作在与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语动作之后发生，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前，在句中只能作状语表示时间和原因。如：Standing on top of the hill, you can see as far as the seaside. (分词动作与谓语动作同时发生) The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only bones. (分词动作在谓语动作之后发生) Havi
7、ng finished his homework, the boy went out to play football. (分词动作在谓语动作之前发生) Having turned off the TV set, he bagan to do his homework.2. 现在分词的主动式表示动作是由句子主语发出，而被动式表明主语承受该动作。如： Being noticed by so many people, she felt nervous, not knowing what to say.Being helped by the teacher, she will learn Engli
8、sh well.Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.Having been translated into many languages, the book was widely read all over the world.3. 现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加 not (never)。注意完成式的否定式应将 not(never)加在 have 前。如：Not having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great
9、 deal.Not having been washed in the correct way, the coat has faded.二、现在分词可以与 when, while, if, though 等连词使用。如：When doing your homework, you mustnt listen to the music.Though having been warned many times, she got to school late again.While reading the book, she nodded from time to time.三、v-ing 形式作状语
10、时，它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。Rushing into the dining-room, supper was waiting for me.（X）Rushing into the dining-room, I found supper was waiting for me.While visiting a strange city, a guide-book is very helpful.（X）While visiting a strange city, you may find a guide-book very helpful.四、当现在分词的逻辑主语不是句中主语时，可以带
11、有自己的主语-名词或代词主格。这样的结构属于独立主格结构，有时前面还可加介词 with 构成复合结构。Spring coming on, the trees turned green.Her mother being ill, she had to look after her at home.Time permitting, well visit the Great Wall.He guiding the blind man, they walked slowly across the street.Weather permitting, we will go out for a picni
12、c next Sunday.With so many people looking at her, the girl felt nervous.五. 固定结构：v-ing 形式可以作独立成分，表示说话人的态度或看问题的角度。如：Judging from his appearance, he must be a very healthy boy.Generally speaking, boys are more active than girls in sports.Judging from his appearance, he must be very rich.Generally speak
13、ing, his answer is right.Considering everything, they did a good job.六、V-ing 形式作状语时，可以用相应的状语从句替代，从句谓语必须用主动语态。Seeing the picture, I couldnt help thinking of the days in America.(=When I saw the picture, I)While reading the book, she nodded from time to time. （= While she was reading the book, she nod
14、ded from time to time.）Being a student, I must study hard. (= As I am a student, I must study hard.)Not knowing how to do it, he asked the teacher for help. (= As he didnt know how to do it, he asked the teacher for help.)由于不知道如何干，他请老师帮助。Meeting anywhere else, we wouldnt have recognized each other.
15、(=If we had met anywhere else, we wouldnt have recognized each other.)如果是在别处见面，我们彼此会认不出来的。边学边练:1. Dont sit there _ nothing at all. Come and help me with this table.A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing2. The snow storm left, _ a lot of damage to southern China.A. caused B. to have causedC. to cause D
16、. having caused3. He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.A. noting B. notedC. to note D. having noted4. _ in a white uniform，he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A. Dressed B. To dressC. Dressing D. Having dressed5. The manager, _ it clear to us that
17、 he didnt agree with us ,left the meeting room.A. who has made B. having madeC. made D. making翻译下列句子。1. 如果时间允许，我会去看望我的老师。2. 我们发现他躺在床上，听着 MP3。3. 老师把三种不同的液体混合在一起，结果发现混合物呈现出红色。4. 通过讨论，我们找到了解决这道数学题的方法。5. 那位领导整夜未睡，考虑第二天做什么。6. 挨了同学们的批评后，他不再去网吧打电子游戏了。7. 由于年龄太小，小明不能当兵。8. 过街时要小心。9. 由于没有收到回信，他决定再给她发一份电子邮件。10.
18、 火车四点发车，十点到长沙车站。Grammar1.C 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.B翻译下列句子。1. Time permitting, Ill see my teacher.2. We found him lying on the bed, listening to the MP3 player.3. The teacher mixed three different liquids, finding the mixture red.4. Having had a discussion, we found the way to work out this math problem.5. Th
19、e leader stayed up all night，thinking of what to do the next day.6. Having been criticized by his classmates, he didnt go to the Internet bar to play computer games any more.7. Being too young，Xiao Ming cant join the army.8. Be careful when crossing the street.9. Not having received her reply, he de
20、cided to send another e-mail to her.10. The train started at four, arriving at Changsha Station at ten.可以带有自己的主语-名词或代词主格。这样的结构属于独立主格结构，有时前面还可加介词 with构成复合结构。1.Time _(permit), Ill see my teacher. permitting2. _(consider) Considering the reasons mentioned above, we should take effective measures to pro
21、tect our environment.3. The leader stayed up all night, _(think)thinking of what to do the next day.4. _(have)Having had a discussion, we found the way to work out this math problem.5. _(judge) from his appearance, he must be very rich. Judging6. _(criticize) Having been criticized by his classmates
22、, he didnt go to the Internet bar to play computer games any more.7. _(not know)Not knowing how to do it, he asked the teacher for help.8. Be careful when _(cross) crossing the street.9. He_(guide)the blind man, they walked slowly across the street. 10. _(be)Being a student, I must study hard.11._(not receive)Not having received her reply, he decided to send another e-mail to her.12.Generally _(speak)speaking, boys are more active than girls in sports.
