1、大家论坛 It is no use +Gerund = It is of no use + InfinitiveIt is no use talking about it. (It is no use dong. = It is no good doing) It is of no use to talk about it. It is useless to talk about it.More examples:It is no use crying over spilt milk.（覆水难收。 ）It is no use your trying to deceive me.（你休想欺骗我
2、。 ）It is no good talking about the greatness of our country, unless we do something to make it great. Something (much) of; nothing (little) ofSomething of = to some extent (“Something” is somewhat derogatory)He is something of a philosopher.He is nothing of a musician.He is very much of a poet.（他大有诗
3、人气派。 ）He is little of a scholar.（他几无学者风度。 ）More examples:They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.He has no much education, but he seems to be very much of a gentleman.Thats too much of a good thing.If he is anything of a gentleman, he will keep his pro
4、mise, I should think.There was only a wooden latch to his door, because he had been too much of a skinflint to pay for one of the new iron lacks to be fixed on. (a) noun (A) + of + (a) noun (B)It was a great mountain of a wave.a devil of a man, a rascal of a fellow, an awful fool of a woman, to catc
5、h a death of a coldMore examples:Those pigs of boys eat so much.He was a fine figure of a young man.（他是位翩翩佳公子。 ）Ive got the devil of a toothache.（我牙痛不堪。 ）I would make the deuce of a scandal.（这会弄得声名狼藉的。 ）She was an angel of a wife.（她是一位天仙一般的妻子。 ）He was a big clumsy giant of a man with a broad face an
6、d small suspicious eyes.The child is a treasure of a son.He lives in a palace of a house.Your fool of a husband said so.She is an old blackguard of a woman. of ones own doingIt is a plan of his own making.More examples:It is a poem of his own composing. (It is a poem composed by himself.)This profes
7、sion is of my own choosing.Usually that which a man calls fate is a web of his own weaving, from threads of his own spinning (Doyle) have + the + abstract noun + infinitiveI had the fortune to succeed. (I was so fortunate as to succeed. I was fortunate enough to succeed.)She had the cheek (impudence
8、) to say such a thing. (she was so impudent as to say such a thing.)大家论坛 How can you have the heart to drown such darling little kittens? (How can you be so hard-hearted as to drown such darling little kittens?)Will you have the goodness (kindness) to do it for me? (Will you be so kind as to do it f
9、or me?)He had the courage to express his opinion.That wretch has had the audacity to touch my childrens doll. (V. Hugo) noun (adjective or verb) + as + subject + verbChild as she was, she was more than a match for him.Strange as it may sound, it is true.Try as you may, you will never succeed.（你尽可以试试
10、看，不过你决难成功。 ）More examples:Young as he is, it is but natural that he should commit such a mistake. Verbs1. may well + verb (may well: have good reason; reasonably)and well + subject + may (and with reason)He may well be proud of his success.（他获得那样的成功是很可以骄傲的。 ）He is proud of his success, and well he m
11、ay.（他对于自己的成功感到骄傲，也是应该的。 ）More examples:You may well say so.（你很有理由这样说。 ）You may well refuse him.（你拒绝他是对的。 ）He was proud of his feat, and well he might.The good lady was in an ecstasy of delight. And well might she be proud of her boy. (N. Hawthorne)2. may as wellas;（可能的事）might as wellas（不可能的事）You may
12、 as well call a cat a little tiger as call a tiger a big cat.（你如把虎叫做大猫，同样也无妨把猫叫做小虎。 ）You might as well throw your money away as spend it in gambling.（你要把钱花在赌博上，还不如丢掉的好。 ）One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.（与其一知半解，不如完全不知的好。 ）I may as well go at once.（省略句） （比 had better 语气强
13、）(我还是马上去的好。)More examples:You may as well (had better) begin at once.You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend it to him.（你借钱给他，不啻把钱丢在海里。 ）Friendship is a vase, which, if it is cracked by accident, may as well be broken at once.You might as well expect the sun to rise in the west as ex
14、pect me to change my opinion.3. cannot help + gerundcannot but + bare infinitiveI cannot help admiring his courage.I cannot but admire his courage.我对于他的勇气不胜佩服。More examples:I could not but laugh on seeing such a funny sight.The little child was so beautiful that no one who saw her could help loving
15、her.大家论坛 4. leave + much (nothing) + to be desired (leave much: be very imperfect; leave nothing: be perfect)The book leaves much to be desired.More examples:It leaves nothing to be desired.（那毫无缺憾。 ）The system of internal communication in England almost leaves nothing to be desired.4. persuade + obj
16、ect + into + gerunddissuade +object + from + gerundI persuaded him into doing so. (I persuaded in to do so.) 我劝说他才这样做的。I dissuaded him from (out of, against) doing so. (*I dissuaded him to do so.) 我劝阻他才不这样做的。(I tried my best to reason him out of his fears, but it was all in vain.)More examples:He wa
17、s persuaded into doing it against his own wish.They dissuaded her from going on the stage.I honour the man who can neither be bribed nor frightened into doing wrong.5. only too + infinitiveToo ready (apt, eager, easy, inclined, willing) + infinitiveI am only too glad to do so.She is too ready to spe
18、ak. (She is too talkative.)More example:You know but too well to hold your tongue.（他深知少说为好。 ）They are all too satisfied to take the opinions of theirs without the pain of thought for themselves.I shall be only too pleased to do my best in that line of work.We are too apt to overlook our own faults.T
19、he political freedom we have today will never be too easy to preserve.6. There is no + gerundThere is no knowing what may happen.（未来的事无法知道。 ）More examples:There is no denying it.There is no telling what will happen.There is no getting along with him.There was no saying how he might behave upon these
20、 occasions.He had always been excitable, but now he was beside himself; there was no reasoning with.7. far from + gerund (far from: not at all) (far from it: 习语：决无其事，一点也不)The noise, far from abating, continued to increase.（他声音不但毫未停止，反而增大了。 ）More examples:Far from reading the letter, he did not open
21、it.I am far from blaming him.His explanation is far from (being) satisfactory.His style is far from perfect. (c.f: His style leaves much to be desired.)So far from repenting of his errors, he glories in it. Negatives1. not so much as (not even)大家论坛 He did not so much as turn his face.（他连头也没回一下。 ）Mor
22、e examples:He did not so much as punish one of the murderers, nor did he show the least tenderness to the survivors. (Macaulay)He went away without so much as saying good-bye.2. negative + but (but: which not, who not, that not)There is no rule but has exceptions. (The exception proves the rule.)Mor
23、e examples:There is no one but hopes to be rich.There is scarcely a man but has his weak side.There is nothing in the world but teaches us some good lesson.It never rains but it pours.No two people can be half an hour together but one shall gain an evident superiority over the other.3. not sobut; no
24、t such a but (c.f: tooto)He is not so sick but he can come to school.He is not such a fool but he knows it.More examples:No man is so foolish but he may give another good counsel sometimes.No man is so old but (that) he may learn.His income is not so small but he can support his family.It was not su
25、ch a cold night but we could go out.4. not thatbut that (that: because)Not that I love Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.More examples:Not that I dislike the work, but that I have no time to do it for the time being.No, thank you. I dont want any more, not that I dont like them, but (that) I a
26、m just full and cannot eat anything more.Our boast is not that we have more ideas, but that our ideas are better and sounder.We want to get into good society not that we may have it, but that we may be seen in it.If I accidentally had my attention drawn to the fact that some other boy knew less than
27、 myself, I concluded, not that I knew much, but that he, for some reason or other, knew little. What, who patterns1. what he is (his character)what he has (his property)We honour him for what he is, not for what he has.More examples:It is not a question how much a man knows, but what use he can make
28、 of what he knows; not a question of what he has acquired, and how he has been trained, but of what he is, and what he can do.He has made what I am.Coal and iron have made England what she is.（英国之有今日是煤与铁赋予的。 ）What a man is contributes much more to his happiness than what he has.Half the unhappiness
29、in the world is caused by losing the blessing which would result from the enjoyment of what we have in envying others and longing for what they have.2. what + noun (all thethat; thatwhich)大家论坛 What little + noun（仅有的）He gave me what money he had about him.I gave him what little money I had.（我竭尽绵薄讲我仅有
30、的钱都给他了。 ）More examples:I will lend you what books I can spare.He does read many books, but what books he reads, he reads very carefully.I have come to render what service is in my power.He saves what little he earns.She waited with what patience she could command.The leaves were trembling with what
31、little breeze there was.One of the saddest sights is that of a young man who has sacrificed what little health and constitution he had for a college course.3. what withand what with (what: somewhat; partly) (with: reason)What byand what by (by: method)What with illness and what with losses, he is al
32、most ruined.What by bribes and what be extortions, he made money.（或由受贿，或由勒索，他发了财。 ）More examples:What with his studies and what with his sports, the school-boy has no time left for idle thoughts.What with the wind and (what with) the rain, our walk was spoiled.In less than a minute the storm was upo
33、n us-in less than two the sky was entirely overcast and what with this and the driving spry, it became suddenly so dark that we could not see each other in the fishing boat.What by threats and what by entreaties, he finally accomplished his purpose.4. A is to B what C is to DThe man who cannot be tr
34、usted is to society what a bit of rotten timber is to a house. （不能信赖的人对于社会，正如朽木对于家庭一样。 ）More examples:What the blueprint is to the builder what the outline is to the writer.Air is to us what water is to fish.What the leaves are to the forest what children are to the world. (, that to the world are c
35、hildren.) Condition and concession1. noun + interrogativesSay what you will, I dont like. (Whatever you may say; No matter what you may say)More examples:Do what he could, the king could neither soothe nor quell the nation as he wished. He was at his wits end.Go where I will, I find a house full of
36、peace and cordiality. (Cowper)Come what will (may), I am prepared for it.Let others say what they will, I always speak the truth.Later writers, say what you will of their genius, have rarely equalled the elaborate beauty of the ancients. (Thoreau)Come what might, they were alone in the world with no
37、 one to help them (C. Dickens)Here, wake at what hour I may, early or late, I lie amid gracious stillness. (Gissing)Say what you may about, it is your father that made you what you are.大家论坛 2. be it ever (never) so; let it be ever (never) soBe it ever so humble, theres no place like home.Let it be e
38、ver so humble, home is home.Let it ever be so weak, there is nobody but loves his country.A man thinking or working is always alone, let him be where he will.Let his occupation be what it may, he must devote himself if he is to succeed.3. were toIf the sun were to rise in the west, I would not do so
39、.(were to：万一，表示与未来事实相反的假设，稍古一点的说法是 should，意思一样，不过were to 比 should 更不确切，所以现代英语普遍用来代替 should，口语中如主语是单数，were也可用 was)More examples:If he were to call, tell him to wait.Even if you were to try, you wouldnt be able to do it.If you were to start early tomorrow, you would (could, might, ought to, should) be
40、 at your destination by evening.Supposing I were to die as I sit at this table, what would the difference be. (K. Mansfield)If anything were to happen to him, the family would be left poorly off.If the sun were to be extinguished, the whole earth would be fast bound in a frost so terrible that every
41、 animal would die. Adjectives and adverbs1. so much so thatHe is very ignorant so much so that he cannot read his own name.(He is very ignorant to that extent or degree so that he cannot read his own name. He cannot so much as read his own name. He is very ignorant so much as to read his own name.)M
42、ore examples:The invalid was very tired when he returned form the ride; so much so that he could not sit up. He is poor-so much so that he can hardly get enough to live.It is very fierce and savage-so much so that the natives dread it more than they do the lion.2. more than + verb（深为、十二分的）This more
43、than satisfied me.More examples:He more than hesitated to promise it.Roses cheeks were more than touched by the sun. (Gissing)He has more than repaid my kindness.She was more than pleased with her daughters performance.I prefer autumn to spring. What we lose in flowers we more than gain in fruits.He
44、 more than smiled, he laughed outright. Connectives1. and that (ellipsis for emphasis)Return to your work, and that at once.You must tell him at once. You must tell him, and tell him at once.You must tell him, and that at once.大家论坛 More examples:The snow began to come down and that in earnest.（而且下得很
45、大）He makes mistakes, and that very often.He speaks English, and that very well.He will come, and that soon.All men seek after happiness, and that without any exception.Every moment may be put to some use, and that with much more pleasure than if unemployed.2. at onceandThe novel is at once pleasing
46、and instructive. (at the same time; bothand)More examples:I was at once comforted and terrified by this thought.The expression was at once grand and sweet. (Hawthorne)He was at once detested and despised.Very few will doubt that it is science which has at once quickened the demand for general educat
47、ion in modern times and made the education itself effective. One more thing1. “it” and “oneIf you want the watch, you can have it.If you want a watch, you can have one.I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one.When the telephone was invented and was ready to use, hardly anybody cared to instal
48、l one. Distinguishing between similar patterns1. A number of members are absent.The number of members is alarming.2. They are the students of our school.（全部）They are students of our school.（一部分）3. He is rather a foolish fellow.（说他是一个愚笨的人更为恰当。 ）He is a rather foolish fellow.（他是一个有点愚笨的人。 ）4. He served
49、 me with a kind of coffee.He served me with coffee of a kind.5. This is my portrait.（我画的）This is a portrait of me.（我的肖像）This is a portrait of mine.（我收藏的）6. He is not a fool.（不是傻子。 ） ）He is no fool.（不傻而且聪明）(No sound was to be heard. = Not a sound was to be heard. He has no money. = He has not any money.)7. It is not always good to live alone.（离群索居不一定好。 ）It is not good always to live alone.（老是离群索居是不好的。 ）8. He is not a little afraid of
