1、Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval (between AD 1,100 and 1,500) worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading“ undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become comm
2、onplace. One should be careful, however, in assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks ma
3、inly because the tasks themselves changed in character. The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners decreased, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the
4、 benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers. Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over
5、whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and w
6、ere replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other. By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the or
7、al reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term “reading“ implied. -1. Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century?A . Silent reading had not been discovered.B . There were few places available for private reading.C . People
8、relied on reading for entertainment.D . Few people could read for themselves.提交的答案:Few people could read for themselves. 正确答案:Few people could read for themselves.题目详解:根据问题中Why was reading aloud common的提示，从第三段中increase in literacy（文化水平的提高） ，the number of readers（读者数量的增加）. The number of potential lis
9、teners 听者数量的减少提供的信息判断，选项中的 “Few people could read for themselves“ 符合题意。2. The development of silent reading during the nineteenth century indicated _.A . an increase in the average age of readersB . an increase in the number of booksC . a change in the status of literate peopleD . a change in the na
10、ture of reading提交的答案:a change in the nature of reading 正确答案:a change in the nature of reading题目详解:根据问题中The development of silent reading的提示，从第二段中 should be careful simply because the usual mode of reading the tasks themselves changed in character 不要认为无声阅读的问世是因为有声阅读分散了人们的注意力，而是阅读任务本身发生了变化提供的信息判断，选项中的
11、 “a change in the nature of reading“ 符合题意。3. Educationalists are still arguing about _.A . the importance of silent readingB . the effects of reading on healthC . the amount of information yielded by books and newspapersD . the value of different types of reading material提交的答案:the value of different
12、 types of reading material 正确答案:the value of different types of reading material题目详解:根据问题中Educationalists are still arguing的提示，从第四段中 considerable argument over 大量的关于书、阅读材料对获取信息方面的争论 whatever its virtues 无论优点如何 the old shared literacy culture by the printed mass media by books and magazines for a spe
13、cialized readership 古老的文化已被印刷品取而代之，为掌握专业知识被书籍和杂志取而代之提供的信息判断，选项中的 “the value of different types of reading material“ 符合题意。4. The emergence of the mass media and of specialized reading material showed that _.A . educationalists attitudes had changedB . readers interests had become variedC . standards
14、of literacy had gone downD . printing techniques had improved提交的答案:readers interests had become varied 正确答案:readers interests had become varied题目详解:根据问题中The emergence of the mass media and of specialized reading material的提示，从第五段中inappropriate, if not impossible, （读者应该掌握，如果有可能的话，适合于专业阅读而不是口语的阅读技能提供的信
15、息判断，选项中的 “readers interests had become varied “ 符合题意。5. What is the writer of this passage attempting to do?A . Explain how present-day reading habits developed.B . Encourage the growth of reading.C . Show how reading methods have improved.D . Change peoples attitudes to reading.提交的答案:Explain how pr
16、esent-day reading habits developed. 正确答案:Explain how present-day reading habits developed.题目详解:根据问题中attempting to do的提示，从第一段中 a modern activity almost unknown to, meant reading aloudsilent reading （现在的阅读方法是古人不知到的。十五世纪的阅读指的是有声阅读，而无声阅读是在十九世纪问世的）显然说明了作者要通过“有声阅读“和“无声阅读“的对比来说明读书习惯的形成提供的信息判断，选项中的 “Explain
17、 how present-day reading habits developed“ 符合题意。More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap big reward.
18、Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. Its easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but
19、with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But its disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who
20、 have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged, but that they be given good recommendations and perhap
21、s other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of .how he juggled (诈骗) the
22、most confidential records right under the noses of the companys executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.1.It can be concluded from the passage that _ .A . it is still impossible to d
23、etect computer crimes todayB . computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutionsC . computer criminals escape punishment because they cant-be detectedD . people commit computer crimes at the request of their company提交的答案:computer crimes are the most serious prob
24、lem in the operation of financial institutions正确答案:computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions题目详解:依据问题中It can be concluded from the passage的提示，从第1段第2句中Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap big reward.提供的信息判断，选项中的 “c
25、omputer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions“ 符合题意。2.It is implied in the third paragraph that _ .A . the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problemB . many more computer crimes go undetected than are discoveredC . most computer criminals are
26、 smart enough to cover up their crimesD . most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck提交的答案:many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered正确答案:many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered题目详解:根据问题中It is implied in the third paragraph的提示，从第3 段第1句中 no statist
27、ics on crimes that go undetected（虽然没有资料表明没有被发现的犯罪活动，但确实知道有多少犯罪活动是在发现的）“提供的信息判断，选项中的 “many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered“ 符合题意。3.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?A . Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information.B . Companies usually hesi
28、tate to uncover computer crimes to protect their reputation.C . A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.D . A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.提交的答案:Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes to protect their reputation.正确答案:Companies usually hesitate to u
29、ncover computer crimes to protect their reputation.题目详解:根据问题中Which of the following is mentioned的提示，从最后1段的第1句中Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity提供的信息判断，选项中的 “Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes to protect their reputation“ 符合题意。4.What may happen to computer
30、criminals once they are caught?A . They will be denied access to confidential records.B . They may walk away and easily find another job.C . With a bad reputation they can hardly find another job.D . They must leave the country or go to jail.提交的答案:They may walk away and easily find another job.正确答案:
31、They may walk away and easily find another job.题目详解:根据问题中once they are caught的提示，从第三段的最后一句中All too often, their demands have been met和第四段最后一句And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs提供的信息判断，选项中的 “They may walk away and easily find another job“ 符合题意。5.The passage
32、 is mainly about _.A . how computer criminals manage to get good recommendations from their former employersB . why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspectionsC . why computer crimes cant be eliminatedD . why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment提交的答案: how comp
33、uter criminals manage to get good recommendations from their former employers正确答案:why computer crimes cant be eliminated题目详解:根据问题中The passage is mainly about的提示，从第1段的最后一句中have managed to get away without punishment 和最后一段最后一句中departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsew
34、here提供的信息判断，选项中的“why computer crimes cant be eliminated“ 符合题意。As the great low ebb of high tech sweeps through the world of online commerce, two kinds of sites are weathering the storm. The first group is often referred to as “clicks and mortar“ online extensions of stores like Walmart or Sears. The
35、y take an existing, traditional business and extend it into the online arena. The second group provides a unique service made possible by the Internets special characteristics. Job sites and online auctioneer e-Bay are both good examples of the new breed of business that the Internet continues to fo
36、ster. Cafepress. com is one of the latter group. Its a website that provides users with online stores where they can sell shirts, mugs, and mousepads customized with their own logos and/or slogans. By itself, this is a fairly useful service, and an example of how the Internet has changed the art of
37、marketing and customer service. Cafepress. com, however, is rather remarkable for another reason. Customers dont need to print large lots of items. They dont need to worry about shipping the goods to their customers. And they dont need to talk to another human being to get their store “built“ in the
38、 first place. The site lets you upload an image and choose what sort of item youd like it to appear on. You can then choose how much to mark the item up - the difference between the items base cost and your mark-up price is your profit. Base prices are high, but understandable when you consider what
39、 Cafepress. com does for the initial investment. An 11-bunce mug starts at $ 10.99. For that, Cafepress. Com prints the mug on a piece-by-piece basis, provides the ordering software, handles the money, packs it, and ships it for you. The mugs purchaser pays shipping and handling costs; the store own
40、ers effort is limited to uploading the original image for the mug, setting the cost, and writing a brief description of the item. It seems to be catching on. “More and more companies come to us, who want to do some kind of merchandising, who want to offer a range of products to their users, but dont
41、 want the hassles associated with it,“ says Maheesh Jain, Cafepress. coms co-founder and vice-president. “Thats where we come in - were one of the few companies that offer this kind of full-service solution.“ But the most exciting aspect of Cafepress. com is not its ability to help major corporation
42、s outsource and customize their merchandising efforts. Whats remarkable about the system is how simple it is to open a store. An average individual with an idea that could sell 50 T-shirts or mugs cant justify a traditional merchandising effort, but with Cafe-, users can easily bring ideas to fruiti
43、on with very little time and no financial risk. Moreover, the quality of the merchandise is good; Ive ordered a mug and a shirt from Cafepress. com, and both were shipped relatively promptly, and arrived exactly as promised. Cafepress. com is an idea thats easy to get excited about. Its a small - bu
44、t tangible - example of how the Internet can change the way we live. -1. The expression “weathering the storm“ in the first sentence means _.A . surviving a crisisB . coming into beingC . being dominated by a stormy high tech waveD . struggling in the storm提交的答案:surviving a crisis 正确答案:surviving a c
45、risis题目详解:“weather” 在这里的意思是 “安全度过(困难、风暴等)”， “the storm”指的是上半句提到的内容。这句话可以翻译为“当高新技术巨大的衰退浪潮袭击整个电子商务领域时，两种网站却正在破浪前进”，由此可知答案为“surviving a crisis”。2. The first kind of site differs from the second kind of site in that _.A . the second kind offers untraditional jobs to people experienced in auctioningB . t
46、he second kind is rising while the first kind is declining in the world of online commerceC . the first kind extends items sold beyond the traditional categoriesD . the first kind sells commodities while the second offers service提交的答案:the first kind sells commodities while the second offers service
47、正确答案:the first kind sells commodities while the second offers service题目详解:定位于文章第一段第二至五句 “第一类网站通常被称作“点击井涂抹”比如象Walmart 或 Sears(两个连锁零售商的名字)”这样的商店扩大到网上销售；第二类充分利用互联网的特点，提供一种独特的服务，一些就业信息网站和象 e-bay 这样的在线拍卖商是这类新网站的好例子，互联网将继续促进这类买卖的开展，由此可知答案为“the first kind sells commodities while the second offers service”。
48、3. Which of the following about Cafepress. com is NOT true?A . Its customers are those who want to sell things rather than buy things.B . It, along with similar sites, has changed the traditional way of marketing.C . Its users dont have to transact the items to be sold face-to-face with their customers.D . It keeps its profit to a minimum in order to attract online customers.提交的答案:It keeps its profit to a minimum in order to attract online customers. 正确答案:It keeps its profit to a minimum in order to attract online customers.题目详解:根据第二段第二句可排除 “Its customers are those who want to sel
