1、1 关于中国目前的环境保护状况，全世界都比较关注。简要的来讲有两句话，一是中国的环境保护工作已经在全方位推进并取得成效；二是中国面临的环境问题非常严重，我们正在采取一系列措施来推进环境的综合整治。我们有信心也有能力在发展中解决这些环境问题。The whole world is concerned with current status of environmental protection in China. Briefly speaking, it can be summarized by the following two points: first, the environmental
2、protection work of China has been promoted in an all round way with big achievement. Second, environmental problems in China are very grave at present. We are taking a series of measures to facilitate integrated environmental control. We have both confidence and ability to address these environment
3、problems during the development.2 首先，我把中国环境保护工作取得的成效跟大家介绍一下。中央政府从 1984年开始就把环境保护作为一项基本国策，并且把可持续发展作为一项重大战略。我们坚持走新型工业化道路，坚持以科学发展观统领环境保护事业，坚持预防为主、综合治理、全面推进、重点突破，着力解决危害人民群众健康的突出环境问题。并且在这一过程中不断地坚持创新环境管理体制机制，依靠科技进步，动员全社会力量进行环境综合治理。In the first place, I will briefly introduce to you the achievements of Chin
4、a in environmental protection. The Central government has taken environmental protection as a basic national policy and sustainable development as a key strategy since 1984. We adhere to the path of new mode of industrialization and let the outlook on scientific development to guide environmental pr
5、otection cause. We have adhered the principles of prevention first, integrated treatment, promote the work in an all round way with breakthroughs in key areas and strived for addressing pre-eminent environmental problems affecting human health. During this process, we stick to innovating environment
6、al management institution and mechanism, depend on scientific progress, mobilize the force of the whole society for comprehensive environmental treatment.3 大家也知道中国的经济社会近 30 年来，一直在快速发展，而且资源消耗和污染物的排放总量也大幅度增加，在这样的情况下，环境保护总体看来取得以下几方面成效：一是环境污染和生态破坏加剧的趋势有所减缓；二是一些流域、一些城市、一些区域污染治理初见成效，环境质量有所改善。另外，工业产品的污染物排放
7、强度在不断下降，特别明显的趋势就是中国全社会的环境意识大幅度增强。As you all know, China has enjoyed rapid social and economic development over the past 30 years with dramatic increase of resource consumption and pollution emission. Under this situation, environmental protection in China has obtained the following achievements in g
8、eneral: 1) there is certain slowdown of degradation trend of environmental pollution and ecological damage; 2) there are some achievements in pollution control in some river basins, cities and regions with better environmental quality. In addition, the emission intensity of some industrial products
9、is under continuous decline. And the most evident trend is dramatic rise of public environmental awareness of the whole society. 第一、环境法规标准体系不断完善。到目前为止，我们已经有了环境保护法律9 部，自然资源保护法律 15 部，而且还有 50 余项环境保护方面的行政法规已经颁布并在有效实施。中央政府有关部门和各地人民代表大会、地方人民政府依照法定权限制定了环境保护地方法规和部门规章 660 余件。同时环境标准体系也逐步形成，截止到 2007 年底，国家已经颁布了
10、 1100 余项环境保护标准，北京、上海、山东、河南等省市区也制定了 30 余项环境保护的地方标准。而且目前有 3000 余项环境标准正在制定过程中。First, continuous improvement of environmental laws, regulations and standard. China has promulgated and effectively implemented 9environmental laws on environmental protection, 15 laws on the conservation of natural resource
11、s and more 50 administrative regulations on environmental protection. Relevant departments of the central government, peoples congress at all levels local governments have developed more than 660 local regulations and sectoral regulations in line with their legal terms of reference. At the same time
12、, environment standard system has gradually developed. Up to the end of 2007, China had issued over 1,100 environmental protection standards in total, and provinces and municipalities like Beijing, Shanghai, Shandong and Henan have formulated over 30 local environmental protection standards. At pres
13、ent, more than3,000 environmental standards are under development.另外，国务院有关部委，包括财政部、税务总局、环保部等研究推出了一系列环境保护的经济政策，包括生态补偿、绿色信贷、绿色保险、绿色证券、绿色贸易以及污染责任保险等制度，还制订出台了高污染、高风险的产品目录，严格了企业上市的环境核查标准。这些措施对运用经济手段来解决环境问题有了一个比较好的开端。In addition, relevant ministries and commissions of the State Council including the Minis
14、try of Finance, State Taxation Administration and Ministry of Environmental Protection have issued a series of economic policies on environmental protection which include ecological compensation, green credit, green insurance, green securities, green trade and the liability of environmental pollutio
15、n. They have made public the list of products with heavy pollution and high environmental risk, and strengthened environmental protection inspection of enterprises for IPO. These are good beginning of employing economic instruments to address environmental problems.第二、中国环境管理机构队伍建设不断加强。1973 年开创至今，全国环
16、保系统共有 11932 个机构，各级环保工作人员已经达到将近 17 万。大家知道我们刚刚进行了政府机构改革，在政府机构大幅度削减的情况下，环保总局变为了环境保护部，综合职能不断强化，这表明了党和国家对环境保护工作的高度重视。Second, the development of environmental protection institutions and forces is under continuous enhancement. Since the startup of environmental protection work in 1973, the amount of envir
17、onmental institutions across reached 11,932 with about 170,000people. As you know, China has carried out government institution reform early this year. With certain reduction of government department, the State Environmental Protection Administration has been upgraded to Ministry of Environmental Pr
18、otection with enhanced comprehensive functions. This fully shows high attention of CCCPC and central government to environmental protection.第三、环境污染防治工作取得了重要成效。主要体现在以下几方面：环境质量不断改善。比如空气污染程度有所减轻，全国城市空气中颗粒物、二氧化硫平均浓度均有所降低，达到国家空气质量二级标准的城市比率不断增加，到目前已经达到 58%左右。水环境恶化的趋势也得到了初步控制，全国地表水达到三类水质标准的比例由 2000 年的 32%提
19、高到 2007 年的 49%。在国家不断加大对一些重点区域、流域、海域污染整治过程中，2005 年中央政府又推出主要污染物排放总量削减 10%的约束性指标，对全国的污染减排工作有了巨大的推动。到2007 年全国脱硫机组装机容量已经达到了 2.66 亿千瓦，估计到今年年底能达到 3.5-4 亿千瓦左右。城市污水处理能力也得到大幅度提升，在 2004 年我们的城市污水处理率是 45.6%，到 2007 年已经提高到 60%左右，到 2010 年我们将建成日处理 1 亿吨能力的污水处理能力。 Third, the work on the prevention and control of envir
20、onmental pollution has gained substantial achievements. It is mainly showed in the followings: continuous improvement of environmental quality. For example, there is certain decline of air pollution. The average concentration of PM and SO2 in urban air has both dropped. The percent of cities with ai
21、r quality meeting Grade II National Air Quality Standard increased from to 58.1%. The deteriorating trend of water environment has been under basic control. The percent of monitoring sections meeting Grade III national surface water standard across the country has went up from 32% in 2000 to 49% in
22、2007. In continuous efforts of controlling the pollution in key regions, watersheds and coastal waters, the central government identified the binding target of 10% reduction of total discharge of major pollutants, which greatly facilitates emission reduction work in China. In 2007, the installed cap
23、acity of power generation units with desulphurization facilities in China reached 266 million kW nationwide, and it is expected that it will reach 350-400 million kW by the end of this 2008. Urban wastewater treatment capacity has been dramatically raised. The urban wastewater treatment rate stood a
24、t 45.6% in 2004, and went up to 60% in 2007. It is expected that we will develop a total capacity of 100 million t/d in sewage treatment by the year 2010. 第四、生态保护工作取得积极进展。我们发布了全国农村环境污染防治规划纲要，国家重点生态功能区划、自然保护区规划纲要，全国生物物种资源保护与利用规划纲要。并且，对于农村环境保护方面，国务院办公厅也发了一个文件。Fourth, ecological conservation work has g
25、ained positive progress. The Ministry of Environmental Protection has issued such documents as the Outline of the Planning of Nationwide Rural Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, National Zoning of Key Ecological Functions, Outline of the Planning for Nature Reserves and Outline of Natio
26、nal Planning for the Conservation and Utilization of Biological Species Resources. Moreover, the State Council has issued a document on rural environmental protection. 我们启动了全国土壤污染状况调查，到目前已经采集农产品和土壤样品 3.6 万个，获得了近 84 万个有效数据。而且一些地方也建立了户分类、村收集、乡镇运转、县处理的生活垃圾处理模式。不少地区农村综合整治工作都取得了喜人的进展。而且我们还在全国启动了农村环保小康行动，
27、创建了一批生态示范项目，有一批生态省、生态市、生态县都在建设过程之中。目前，全国自然保护区面积已经占陆地国土面积 15%以上，在中国已经初步形成了类型比较齐全，布局比较合理的自然保护区网络。We have initiated the National Census on Soil Pollution. Up to now, we have already collected 36,000 samples of agricultural produce an soil and obtained 840,000 effective data from the census. In addition
28、, some provinces have established the model of “household classification, village collection, township transfer and county treatment” for the treatment of garbage. Some provinces have made great progress in comprehensive control of rural environment. Moreover, we have initiated national action plan
29、for rural environmental protection and building a Xiaokang life and developed a number of ecological demonstration projects. At present, the total area of nature reserves across China accounts for over 15%of total land area and a diversified nature reserve network with appropriate layout has been taken shape.
