1、初中英语被动语态用法小结1一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 英语 English 是动词 speak 的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词 be及物动词的过去分词” 构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的。现以 speak 为例说
2、明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amis/are spoken一般过去时：was werespoken一般将来时：willshall bespoken现在进行时：amis are beingspoken过去进行时：was/were beingspoken现在完成时：havehas been spoken过去完成时：had been + spoken三、被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）This bridge was foun
3、ded in 1981.这座桥竣工于 1981 年。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定 be 的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词
4、by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成，原来带 to 的情态动词变成被动语态后 “to”仍要保留。We can repair this w
5、atch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.六、特殊情况1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2.Mother never lets me watch TV .被动语态同步达标练习】 .单项选择(选自各地中考题)( )1 .The medicine_in a
6、dry and cool place .(2000 年重庆市中考题)A .keep B .must keep C .must be kept D .must be keep( )3 .Today ,the forests have almost gone .People must_down too many trees . (2001 年安徽省中考题)A .stop to out B .stop from cuttingC .be stopped to cut D . be stopped from cutting( )5 .The key _ for locking the classroo
7、m door . (2001 年广西省中考题)A .uses B .is used C .is using D .use( )6 .A new school_over there in two years . (2001 年四川省中考题)A .may build B .may be built C .is built( )8 .Computers are very useful .For example ,they can_sending e-mail .(电子邮件) (2001 年苏州市中考题)A .use for B .be used of C .be used for D .use of
8、( )9 .What a nice garden !It_every day . (2000 年武汉市中考题 )A .is cleaning B .has cleaned C .must clean D .is cleaned( )10 .This work _next week . (2000 年广西省中考题)A .may finish B .finish C .finishes D .may be finished( )11 .My house_in 1995 .We have lived there for nearly five years . (2000 年广西省中考题)A .was
9、 built B .has built C .is built D .were built( )12 .The lost boy_early this morning . (2000 年四川省中考题)A .found B .was founded C .was found D .founded( )13 .That white building_two years ago ,but it is quite old now . (2000 年河北省中考题)A .built B .was built C .is built D .builds( )14 .The big tree_by my mo
10、ther ten years ago .(2000 年甘肃省中考题)A .was planted B .planted C .has planted D .was planting【综合能力训练】 .用括号中动词被动结构的适当形式填空。1 .English_widely_(use) in the world .2 .These pictures must (keep) well .3 .She_(fall) ill last night ,and she_(take) to the hospital at once .4 .Now rice and wheat_(grow) in my hom
11、etown ,too .Look !The crops_(grow) fast in the fields .5 .The Great Wall (know) all over the world .6 ._the street lights usually _(turn) on at seven in summer evening ?7 . _this kind of car_(produce) in Wuhan ?8 ._the doctor_(send) for last night ?9 .We used a teapot before the thermos_(invent) .10
12、 .Three children_(take) good care of by the nurse .11 .Some new houses_(build) by the villagers themselves .12 .What language _(speak) in Japan ?13 .The black bike_(buy) in that shop three days ago .14 .The doctor said Jim must _(operate) on at once .15 .The big tree_(blow) down in the storm last night .【创新备考训练】 .将下列主动语态改为被动语态。1 .You neednt do it now .2 .You must finish your homework now .3 .We can do the work today .8 .They founded that hospital in 1996 .9 .Yesterday we played football after school .10 .People all over the world know the Great Wall .11 .He often helps his brother .
