1、英语长句翻译的步骤1“六步法” 紧缩主干(捋出主句主语、谓语及宾语)。 区分主从(析出从句并捋出从句的主语、谓语及宾语以及修饰关系)。 辨析词义(特别是主干中的词义)。 分清层次(推断句子思维逻辑发展形式及重心)。 调整搭配(特别是主谓及动宾搭配,调整语序)。 润饰词语(选词、炼句并考虑文体的适应性)。 2 英语长句的翻译方法英语长句汉译时,一般可采用以下几种方法:包孕法、切断法、拆译法、倒置法、插入法和重组法。(1)包孕包孕就是指将英语后置修饰成分(包括各种词组或从句)在汉译时放在中心词(即被修饰成分)之前,使修饰成分在汉语句中形成前置包孕。修饰词前置是汉语的正常语序。因此,只要修饰成分不要
2、过长,汉译后没有拖沓之嫌,我们可以尽量译成前置包孕,这样可以使句义十分紧凑,结构上整体感强。但是,运用包孕法翻译时要特别注意包孕部分不宜过长,成分不宜过于复杂。一般来说,汉语前置修饰语不宜超过 2530 字。Congress has made laws requiring most pressure groups to give information about how much they spend and how they spend it,the amount and sources of funds,membership,and names and salaries of their
3、 representatives国会已制定法律,要求大部分压力集团呈报他们花费了多少钱、怎样花的。款项的总额以及来源、成员人数、代表的姓名和薪金等情况。 The General Assembly may establish such subsidiary organs as it deems necessary for the performance of its function大会得设立其认为于行使职务所必需之辅助机关。(2)切断法切断法,基本上是按英语句子的语序把英语长句“化整为零”,也就是在语句的连接处,如使用关联词语处,并列或转折处,后续成分与主体连接处等,以及按意群将长句断开译成若
4、干汉语分句。The global economy that boomed in the 1960s,growing at an average of 55 percent a year。and pushed ahead at a 45 percent a-year rate in the mid-1970s,simply stopped growing in 19811982世界经济在 60 年代很繁荣,每年平均以 55的比率增长,到了 70 年代中期仍以平均每年 45比率增长,但是在 1981 年到1982 年就完全停止增长了。The idea of a fish being able to
5、 generate electricity strong enough to light small bulbs,even to start an electric motor,is almost unbelievable鱼能发电,其强度足以点亮小灯泡,甚至能开动马达,这简直令人难以置信。(3) 拆译法所谓拆译法就是将英语句子中有些成分(词、词组或从句)从句干中拆出来另行处理,或置于句首,或置于句尾,以利于句子的总体安排。常见的情况是英语长句中某些成分很难用切断式顺译,也很难将它们包孕在句中,切实可行的办法是将它们拆开,放到句中的合适位置,以免造成行文上的梗阻。1拆译单词There is al
6、so distressing possibility that A1unni isnt quite the catch the police thought还存在这样一种可能性:被抓住的那位阿路尼不见得就是警察当局所设想的那位头号人物。当然。这种可能性说出来叫人泄气的。但毕竟是一种可能性。A cold that rapidly grew worse caused his unlamented return to Paris他得了感冒,而且愈来愈凶,只好回巴黎去了,但对他的离去。谁也没有感到遗憾。Characteristically, Tedder concealed his feelings
7、and watched and learned特德没有表露自己的感情,只是察言观色,心领神会。这是他的特点。2 拆译词组或插入成分There is a tide in the affairs not only of men but of women too,which,taken at the flood,leads on to fortune人生在世,有时会走运,抓住时机,就能飞黄腾达,不但男人如此。女人也一样。Next door,a large-than-expected audience of 300 attended the Fifteenth International Confer
8、ence on Laser Atmospheric Studies隔壁大厅里,参加第十五届国际激光大气研究会议的人数竞达300 名之多,这真是出乎意料之外。3 拆译从句I believe strongly that it is in the interests of my countrymen that Britain should remain all active and energetic member of the European Community我坚决地认为,英国应该继续保持为欧洲共同体中积极而充满活力的成员,这是符合我国人民利益的。This land,which once ba
9、rred the way of weary travelers,now has become a land for winter and summer vacations,a land of magic and wonder这个地方现在已经成了冬夏两季的休假胜地,风光景物,蔚为奇观;而从前精疲力竭的旅游者只能到此止步。 (4) 倒置法倒置法是指在翻译英语长句时将其断成若干短的句子,然后按汉语习惯表达法进行重新安排,对原文语序进行全部或局部的变换,结果译句中各分句的顺序可能恰恰与原文的相反。1部分倒置 It is extraordinary that in all the years the B
10、ritish spent in Egypt they never got to know the real people of Egypt英国人在埃及消磨的岁月这么长久,而对真正的埃及人民却一无所知,这是颇不寻常的。2完全倒置He was again placed under house arrest when he refused to use massive force in suppressing worker riots on the seacoast他因拒绝使用武力大规模镇压沿海城市的工人骚乱而再次遭到软禁。Insects would make it impossible for u
11、s to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds,if it were not for the protection we get from insecteating animals假如没有那些以昆虫为食的动物保护我们,昆虫会吞噬我们所有的庄稼,害死我们的牛羊家畜,使我们不能生存于世。(5)重组法有时候英语长句的翻译不是单单采用一种翻译方法就能解决问题的,尤其是在句子结构较为复杂、逻辑关系较为混乱的时候,我们可以尝试用重组法,也就是将英语长句的结构完全理清,将原义完全弄懂之
12、后,按照汉语的叙述习惯重新组合句子。简言之,就是把英语长句译为若干小分句。这样就摆脱了原文语序和句子形式的约束,能使译文流畅、自然,富有文采。但由于译者在翻译时不得不完全摆脱原文,因此,疏漏很容易出现,同时原文的轻重、分寸及语气也极易被忽略。The big problem of comprehension of the English text and the bigger problem of how to express it in rich,present-day Chinese which ranges from the classical to the colloquial both
13、 have to be solved in the course of translation了解英语原义是一个大问题,现代汉语既然是文言口语兼收并蓄,怎么用这样丰富多彩的文字来表达英文原文是一个更大的问题,这两个问题在翻译中都要得到解决。Learning is,in too many cases,but a foil to common sense,a substitute for true knowledgeBooks ale less often made use of as spectacles to look at nature with,than as blinds to keep
14、 out its strong light and shifting scenery from weak eyes and indolent disposition书本理应是人们观察自然的透镜,却常常被视力不够和生性懒惰的人用来遮光护眼,好使他们对自然的光芒和变幻的景色视而不见。那种把学识当作常识的陪衬,以学识代替真知的人真是太多了。(6)插入法插入法就是利用破折号、括号或前后逗号将句子的一部分插入译句中。在英译汉中采用插入语,一般有两种情况。一是英语原文有插入语,汉语译文也采用原文的做法;二是英语原文没有插入语,但附加成分多,结构复杂。汉语译文中不得不将某些部分用插入法译出。有同位语从句的句
15、子也常常采用此方法。States and organizations having presented written or oral statements or both shall be permitted to comment on the statements made by other states or organizations in the form,to the extent,and within the time limits which the Court,or,should it not be sitting,the President,shall decide in each particular case凡已经提出书面或口头陈述或两项陈述之国家及团体,对于其他国家或团体所提之陈述,准其以法院或院长(在法庭不开庭时)所定关于每案之方式、范围及期限,予以评论。