1、第一章 征服句子语法的本质就是了解如何遣词造句，所以，在学习英语语法中的每一个具体语法点之前，就很有必要先了解什么是句子。构成句子的基本元素是词，因此我们就先从英文的基本词类入手。一、构成句子的基本词类名词：用来表示人，事物和抽象概念的名词。例如：uncle Steven CD-player computer success fear Internet-dating动词：分为实义动词和非实义动词。实义动词指的是有实际意义的动词，改动词可以是具体或抽象的，动态或静态的。例如：jump stand erupt think cry outweigh黄金要点：实义动词还可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。非
2、实义动词有包括助动词，情态动词和系动词。助动词：既帮助构成句子的时态，语态的词类，助动词本身没有实际含义，必须和别的动词连用才能在句子中起作用。例如：He said that he would take the responsibility. The job has been finished.情态动词：即用来表示人对某种行为的态度，如能够，可以，应该，必须等。例如：The baby can talk. You shouldnt be out if it rains.系动词：即用来联系事物和其特点或属性的词。例如：The house is big. The leaves turn yellow
3、 in autumn. You look so beautiful tonight.形容词：用来表示事物特点的词。例如：red smart wonderful stupid tall difficult副词：表示方式，程度，原因，时间，地点等词。例如：recently absolutely very normally here there calmly介词：句子中用来把名词和其他词类如动词，形容词等联系起来的成分例如：He looked at me seriously. Mr. John came to Japan twice.代词：句子中用来代替名词的词。例如：My brother is a
4、n engineer. He got married last month.Those men in the committee know each other very much.限定词：在句子中用来指示名词的词。限定词不能像形容词那样随意地增添和删减。例如：This is my car. 我们就不能说成： This is car.There is a black cat in the garden. 我们就不能说成：There is black cat in the garden.连词：连接并列句和复合句的词二、句子的基本成分：主语：即句子所陈述的对象。例如：Steven went to
5、school at the age of ten. A lot of people are absent today.谓语：表明主语的动作或特点属性的成分。类型 1：由实义动词构成。He teaches English.类型 2：由系表结构构成。I am a teacher.思考：何谓表语？_宾语：即句子中动作的对象。例如：May I use your pen? Mary is making coffee in the kitchen.思考 1：一个句子一定要有宾语吗？_思考 2：一个句子什么时候才有宾语？_定语：句子中直接修饰名词的成分。例如：China is a big country.
6、Tom Cruse is an American movie star. He is an English teacher.思考：什么样的词可以作定语？_状语：在句子中表明方式，程度，原因，时间，地点等状态的成分。例如：He speaks English well. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.Einstein went to America because Hitler persecuted the Jews.补语：1. 表明句子中动作发生的结果。例如：I found the explanation wrong. We oft
7、en call him “Mr. Right“.2. 表明句子中动作发生时事物的状态。例如：He died young. The bottle was found empty.三、句子的五大基本句型1. 主语+谓语（+ 状语）例如：He works. He works hard.2. 主语+系动词+ 表语例如：Internet dating is popular. He is so yellow.3. 主语+谓语+宾语例如：I love grammar. I like chatting on the Internet.4. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语例如：Baby, you are driv
8、ing me crazy. Grammar makes me mad. Who leave the door open?5. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语例如：Talking to her brings me a lot of fun.Put your hands in the air and give me all of your money!练习：一、请判断下列句子的正误，并改为正确的表达。1. He is comes from Shanghai.2. She very beautiful.3. She is beauty.4. Does she beautiful?5. Your li
9、ttle daughter is so lovely.6. What he said is truly.7. Dont look me!8. The baby cried.9. I kissed.10. Play football is my favorite sport.二、请划分句子的成分。1. My brother teaches in university.2. Most students in my class like playing chess.3. Old habits die hard.4. I found grammar interesting.5. Happy families seldom differ.6. Last night, Mr. Clinton apologized sincerely to Hilary in his office.
