1、what 和 that 的用法区别许多同学在学习复合句和特殊句式时，都会为“that”和“what”的选择而头疼， 感觉这两个连接性词语辨别起来“有点乱” 。你也不妨先做一做下面几个题，看看你能否把他们分清： 1.A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.A. what B. which C. that D. where2.Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.A. that B. which C. what D. a
2、s3.With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action.A. which B. that C. what D. whether4.It is what you do rather than what you say _ matters.A. that B. what C. which D. this5.His plan was such a good one _ we all agreed to accept it.A. so B
3、. and C. that D. as上面 5 个题中的前四个题，在选项中都同时出现了 what 和 that，如何选择呢？第 1 题为答案 A。考查名词从句连接代词 what 的运用。 “十年前是一片荒地的地方建起了一座现代化的城市” 。作介词 in 的宾语不能用 that，因为名词从句中 that 不做任何成分；连接代词 what 引导一个宾语从句， “是一个什么样的地方” ；第 2 题为答案 A。考查定词从句关系代词 that 的运用， “因为记忆不好，你告诉我的，我都给忘了” 。句中先行词为“all” ，that 为关系代词，意指 all，在从句中做宾语；第 3 题答案为 B。考查名词
4、从句从属连词 that 的运用。 “他很得意自己是个干事的人。 ”陈述了一个事实，故选择从属连词 that第 4 题为答案 A。考查强调句结构中的 that。 “It is (was) + 所强调的成分 + that (who) + 其他成分。 ”第 5 题为答案 C。考查结果状语从句中的从属连词 that。 “他的计划非常好，我们都同意接受。 ”从上面的分析中，我们不难看出， “that”一词非常活跃，在定语从句、名词从句、状语从句和强调句中都有使用；而命题设项时， “what”又常常用来作为干扰，因此，要想辨清“that” 和“what”这两个词，突破复合句式的这个难点，就要注意：一、定语
5、从句的关系代词中没有 what，因此要牢记 what 不会引导定语从句。例如：1.The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad.A.that B.all that C.all what D.which答案为 B。这里的 all 是先行词，而 that 是关系代词，在从句中做主语。许多同学将此题误选成了 C。需要注意的是，C 选项前面要是去掉 all，则变成了 what 引导的名词从句，则就是对的了。2.You can only be sure of_ you have at prese
6、nt; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future. 2007 安徽卷A. that; what B. what; /C. which; that D. /; that答案为 B。前一个空为名词从句连接代词 what，( 从句做 of 的宾语，what 又为 get 的宾语)，后一个空为定语从句(先行词为 something，关系代词做 get 的宾语，关系代词省略)。二、名词从句中同时存在 that 和 what 这两个连接性词语，可以从其语法地位和意思上来辨别。that 引导名词性从句时，没有任何含义和语法作用
7、，只是提示引导了名词从句；而 what 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what 的意思是“什么”例如：1.The mountain is no longer _ it used to be.A. which B. that C. what D. as 答案 C 。 “山不是以前那个样子了 ”。以前“什么样” ，对应了 what。2.There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. A. that B. which C. until D. if答案 A。that 引导
8、的名词从句陈述事实，说的即是前面的 chance，为同位语从句。三、定语从句与同位语从句中 that 的区别，主要看 that 在从句中有没有语法作用。定语从句中的关系代词 that 在句中做宾语或主语，有时可以与 which 互换。同位语从句中的连词 that 只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词 that 而不能用 which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词如：fact、suggestion、truth、possibility、idea 等后面，解释名词的含义或内容，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。例如：The football star H
9、enry expressed the hope that he would come to visit China again in 2008.同位语从句，从句就是 hope 的内容；The hope the football star Henry expressed is that he would come to visit China again in 2008.定语从句，从句修饰 hope，是“表达的”愿望。再如：1.Its thirty years since we last met.But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night.A. which B. that C. what D. when答案为 B。同位语从句，解释 story。2.I still remember the big names in the stories _ my mother told me when I was young.A. when B. that C. what D. where答案为 B。定语从句，意指 stories，做 told 的宾语。
