1、一、学习目标：1. 了解名词的含义、分类2. 掌握可数名词和不可数名词的特点及用法3. 掌握名词所有格的用法二、重点、难点：1. 名词的数（可数/不可数）2. 名词所有格三、考情分析：近年来，全国各地的中考英语试题对名词的考查主要集中在下面几个方面：1. 名词的数2. 名词的单数和复数3. 名词所有格四、知能提升：（一）知识讲解名词：表示人、事物或地点的名称。 英语名称：Noun 缩写形式：n.I. 名词的分类专有名词 个人、事物、日子、机关等所专有的名称 London, John, the Great WallSunday, September不普通名词 个体名词 单一的个体（人或事物） b
2、oy, worker, pencil, dog, table 可集体名词 若干个个体组成的集合体 class, family, people 不/可物质名词 一种物质，原材料 water, glass, wood 不抽象名词 生活中看不见、摸不到的某些动作、状态、品质的抽象概念happiness, love, work, life 不II. 名词的数名词在使用中的难点在于名词的数，即可数名词与不可数名词的实际应用。不可数名词不能用数字计算，所以它通常只有单数形式。它包含专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等。可数名词是可以用数量加以计算的名词，所以它有单数形式和复数形式两种。可数名词复数形式的构成规律
3、条件 构成方法 读音 例词一般情况 加 s 清辅音后读/s/浊辅音后读/z/ bookbooksbagbags以 s, x, ch, sh 等结尾的词 加 es 读 /iz/ classclasses以 ce, se, ze, de, ge 等结尾的词 加 s 读 /iz/ orangeoranges以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 变 y 为 i 再加 es 读 /z/ familyfamilies以 f 或 fe 结尾的词 变 f 或 fe 为 ves 读 /vz/ leafleaves不规则变化英语中有一部分名词由于历史或词源原因，其复数形式的构成法是不规则的。这种情况主要有：A. 元音发生变
4、化。如：manmen ，womanwomen，foot feet，toothteeth ，mousemiceB. 词尾发生变化。如：childchildrenC. 单、复数同形。如：fishfish，JapaneseJapanese，ChineseChinese，sheepsheepD. 只有复数形式。例如：trousers, clothes 等。E. 物质名词（不可数名词）量的表示方法（1 ）用 much，a little，a lot of 等表示（2 ）用容器表示 如：a bowl of rice，a glass of water，a cup of tea，two glasses of m
5、ilk【考题链接】1. There _ on the wall. They are very nice.A. are photos B. are photoes C. is a photo D. is photo答案：A思路分析：photo 的复数形式是在结尾加-s。根据第二句话中 “they”可以看出，有很多照片。2. There are two _ and three _ on the table.A. knifes, forks B. knifes, fork C. knives, forkes D. knives, forks答案：D思路分析：knife 的复数形式属于不规则变化，要把
6、 fe 变成 ves。fork 属于规则变化，直接在后边加-s。3. I want to buy _. A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks 答案：A思路分析：ink 是物质名词，不可数。如果要量化，需要用到 bottle。III. 名词所有格名词所有格是指一个名词与另一个名词之间存在所有关系时所用的形式。其构成方式有两种：一种是由名词末尾加s 构成；另一种由介词 of 加名词构成。前者多用来表示有生命的东西；后者多用来表示无生命的东西。例如：Toms bi
7、ke 汤姆的自行车 the legs of the table 桌子的腿所有格形式的构成（1 ）单数名词后加s，其读音与名词复数结尾的读音相同。the girls father 女孩的父亲（2 ）以 s 结尾的复数名词后加“ ”。two hours walk 两个小时的步行（路程）（3 ）不以 s 结尾的复数名词后加s。the childrens holiday 孩子们的节日（4 ）以 s 结尾的人名，可加“s” ，也可直接加“ ”。Thomass brother 托马斯的兄弟 Charles job 查尔斯的工作（5 ）表示各自的所有关系，不是共有的，则要分别在名词末尾加“s” 。Johns
8、 and Marys rooms 约翰和玛丽各自的房间若表示共有的，则在最后一个名词的末尾加“s” 。John and Marys room 约翰和玛丽合住的房间【考题链接】1. June 1st is _ Day.A. Childs B. Childs C. Childrens D. Childrens答案：D思路分析：不以 s 结尾的复数名词的所有格在其后加“s” 。2. _ room is next to their parents. A. Kates and Joans B. Kates and Joan C. Kate and Joans D. Kate and Joan 答案：C思
9、路分析：根据谓语判断，房间是两人共有的。若表示共有的，其所有格在最后一个名词的末尾加“s” 。3. The two desks here are _. You may use the desk over there.A. Mary and Jane B. Marys and Janes C. Mary and Janes D. Marys and Janes答案：D思路分析：两张桌子，说明是他们各自拥有的，其所有格要分别在名词末尾加“s” 。【易错点】1. 有些名词的形式像复数，但含义是单数，而有些名词是没有单数形式的，应注意谓语动词的选用。a. Maths is the language o
10、f science. 数学是科学语言。b. No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。c. The Chinese people are a great people. 中国人民是伟大的人民。2. 在“there be”的句型中，谓语动词的数应和它最靠近的主语的数相一致。a. There are two pictures on the wall. 在墙上有两幅画。b. There is a cat and two dogs in the garden. 在花园里有一只猫和两条狗。3. 单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数”的变化：单数集合名词如 class, police,
11、family, school, group, team 等，如果指的是整体概念，谓语动词用单数，如果指的是一个一个的人，则谓语动词用复数。a. His family is a big one. 他的家庭是个大家庭。b. His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。4. 由 man 或 woman 作为第一部分的复数名词，两个组成部分皆变为复数形式。man driver（男司机） men drivers，woman doctor（女医生） women doctors【注意】banana treebanana trees5. 有些表示由两部分构成的东西和部分学科的名词总
12、以复数的形式出现。如：glasses（眼镜） ，shorts（短裤） ，mathematics（数学） ，physics（物理学） ，politics（政治学）等。6. 有些词，如：food, drink, fruit, fish 等，表示物品数量时，作不可数名词。而表示物品的种类时，则可看作可数名词。I would like to buy some fish. 我想买些鱼。 （表示数量，不可数）There are different kinds of fishes in the lake. 湖里有各种不同的鱼。 （表示种类，可数）7. 以-ese 或-ss 结尾的表示民族的名词也是单复数同形
13、。如： Chinese，Japanese 等。但是，以-an 结尾或其他形式结尾的表示民族或国家的人的名词变复数时在词尾加-s。如：Americans，Asians，Russians，Australians ，Italians，Germans 等。【注意】Englishman Englishmen FrenchmanFrenchmen8. 不可数名词与不可数名词，不可数名词与可数名词或可数名词与可数名词并列作主语时，如名词所表示的事物种类超过两种，谓语动词一般用复数形式。Meat and fish are healthy food. 肉和鱼都是健康食品。【考题链接】1. Maths _ an
14、important subject taught in the middle school. A. are B. is C. was D. were 答案：B思路分析：部分学科的名词总以复数的形式出现，但却是单数的含义，其作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。2. There are more _ in this hospital than in that one. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. womens doctor D. women doctors 答案：D思路分析：由 man 或 woman 作为第一部分的复数名词，两个组成部分皆变为复数形式。3. T
15、he _ eat a lot of rice. A. Japan people B. Japanese C. Japaneses D. people of Japanese 答案：B思路分析：Japanese 表示“日本人” ，单复数同形。作主语时，谓语用复数形式。（二）即学即练. 写出下列名词的复数形式： 1. house _ 2. village _ 3. map _ 4. foot _ 5. half _ 6. exercise _ 7. brush _ 8. family _9. bus _ 10. Japanese _ 11. box _ 12. baby _ 13. class _
16、 14. factory _ 15.glass _ 16. dictionary _17. watch _ 18. woman _ 19. kilo _ 20. sheep _ II. 单项选择1. September 10th is _ Day.A. the Teacher B. Teachers C. Teacher D. Teachers2. Can I help you, sir?Id like to have 100_. I want the students to draw pictures on them.A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper
17、C. papers D. paper3. Would you like _ milk, please?No, thank you. I still have some.A. some more B. an C. a little of D. all4. There are three _ and seven _ in the picture. A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps 5. Two _ _ and five _ are studying Chinese at Beijing University. A
18、. German, English B. Germans, English C. Germans, Englishmen D. Germen, Englishmen 6. Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office. A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walk C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walks 7. _ room is on the 5th floor. A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lilys C. Lucys and Lily D. Lu
19、cys and Lilys 8. Two thirds are _ in our school. A. woman teachers B. women teachers C. woman doctor D. women doctors寒假专题（二）代词一、预习新知代词二、预习点拨思考问题一：人称代词和物主代词的用法？思考问题二：some 和 any 的区别？（答题时间：45 分钟）一、写出下列名词的复数形式：1. match _ 2. man _ 3. wish _ 4. German _ 5. tomato _ 6. policeman _ 7. kilo _ 8. apple _ 9. p
20、otato _ 10. Chinese _ 11. shelf _ 12. Japanese _ 13. leaf _ 14. American _ 15. life _ 16. tooth _ 17. wife _ 18. foot _ 19. knife _ 20. sheep _ 21. half _ 22. child _ 二、单项选择1. Where is Tom? Hes left a _ saying that he has something important to do. A. excuse B. message C. exercise D. news 2. There i
21、s no _ in the bus so we have to wait for another bus. A. room B. a room C. rooms D. seats 3. Would you like some _? Oh, Yes. Just a little. A. pears B. oranges C. sugar D. apples 4. You can find the following INSTRUCTIONS on _. “KEEP IN A COLD PLACE”A. food B. money C. clothes D. books 5. Mr. Green
22、has lived in the _ hotel since he came to China. A. five-star B. five-stars C. five stars D. five stars 6. She was born in Wuhan, but Beijing has become her second _. A. home B. family C. house D. place 7. Whats the _ today? Its June 26. A. day B. date C. time D. hour 8. English is spoken as the fir
23、st language in _. A. the USA B. France C. Japan D. China 9. _ comes from cows. A. Wool B. Chicken C. Pork D. Milk 10. Let the children go away. Theyre making too much _ here. A. noise B. voice C. noisy D. sounds 11. Id like to have a glass of milk and _. A. two breads B. two pieces of breads C. two
24、pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 12. Its a long _ to Paris. Its two thousand kilometers. A. street B. road C. way D. end 13. Many _ are singing over there. A. woman B. women C. girl D. child 14. He bought _. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe 15.
25、 Mr. White has three _. A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens 16. Beijing is one of the biggest _ in the world. A. citys B. city C. cityes D. cities 17. Wheres Mr. White? Hes in _. A. the room 202 B. Room 202 C. the Room 202 D. room 202 18. Shops, hospitals and schools are all _. A. places B.
26、homes C. rooms D. buildings 19. Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office. A. 20 minutes walks B. 20 minutes walk C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk 20. Are these _? No, they arent. Theyre _. A. sheep, cows B. sheep, cow C. sheeps, cow D. sheeps, cows 21. There are many _ in the fridge. A. f
27、ish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread 22. Whose room is this? Its _. A. Li Ming B. Li Mings C. Li Mings D. Li Mings23. Here are _ for you, Sue. A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three tomatos D. some tomato 24. Here are some birthday cards with our best _ for her. A. wish B. hope C. wishes D. hopes 25. I alway
28、s go to that _ to buy food on Sunday. A. shop B. park C. zoo D. garden 26. Whats the Chinese for “ PRC”? A. 中国人民解放军 B. 中华人民共和国 C. 联合国 D. 中国共产党 27. Sam gave Ann some _ to look after Polly while he was away. A. picture-books B. inventions C. instructions D. messages 28. Which of the following animals
29、lives only in China? The _. A. monkey B. elephant C. panda D. cat 29. _ room is on the 5th floor. A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lilys C. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys 30. The third month of the year is _. A. March B. January C. February D. April 一、1. matches 2. men 3. wishes 4. Germans 5. tomatoes 6. policemen 7. kilos8. apples 9. potatoes 10. Chinese 11. shelves 12. Japanese 13. leaves 14. Americans 15. lives 16. teeth 17. wives 18. feet 19. knives 20. sheep21. halves 22. children二、15 BACAA 610 ABADA 1115 CCBAB 1620 DBDDA 2125 CBBCA 2630 BCCBA
