1、书信格式：（一）称呼1、题目无人名：Dear Sir or Madam, 2、题目有人名：Dear人名,（二）正文：3 段、7 句、100120 词、35 关联词、35 从句1、第一段：12 句1）自我介绍（1）I am a staff member from your company/corporation.（2）I am a freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing University.2
2、）写作目的：（1）I am writing the letter in purpose of ordering some books.（2）I am writing to inform you that I wish to resign from my current post/position.2、第二段：3 句1）改写提纲一：1 句2）改写提纲二：1 句3）改写提纲三：1 句段落写作一、考研论说文框架结构：3 段，12 句，160200 词，57 个关联词，57 个从句（一） 第一段：引言/起始/淘金段，图画/表描述，3 句1、 总体描述：人物/动物/事物动作环境（或人物服装表情） ，1
3、句（二） 第二段：主体段，意义阐释，5 句1、 主题句：象征寓意，1 句2、 论证：3 句1） 原因列举：2） 举例论证：3） 联系现实：图画作文创作原则（以小见大，把握象征寓意，个体想为群体，具体想为抽象）4） 五大角度：背景、事实、反方观点、原因、后果5） 六种手段：因果、分类、定义解释、统计事实、举例、正反论证3、 小结：1 句（三） 第三段：结论段，建议措施，4 句1、 结论句：1 句2、 针对双方提建议：2 句3、 包装结尾、展望未来：1 句4、 启承转合：1) 启：启动观点、开篇点题2) 承：观点承接、正面论证1. First(ly), In the first place, Fi
4、rst and foremost, Above all, On the one hand, For one thing,2. Second(ly), In the second place, Besides, In addition, What is more, Furthermore, Moreover, On the other hand, For another3. Third(ly), (The) Last but not (the) least, More importantly, Even worse,3) 转：观点转折、反面论证Conversely, Nevertheless,
5、Unfortunately, Whereas, Yet, Instead, In/By comparison/contrast, On the contrary4) 合：文章结尾、合并归纳As a result/consequence, Consequently, Accordingly, Thus, Hence, Generally/Briefly speaking,英语大作文一共分为三种。积极类，比如文化融合，合作，点一盏心灯等等，都可以用积极类的模板。另一种是消极类的，比如 11 的环境污染，温室花朵，过量捕鱼这是一类。还有一类就是中性类，自信啊，网络利与弊啊，这类的。但是这三种模板的三
6、段谋篇布局是一样一样的。描述图片+解释图片+ 我们该怎么办。有时候他会让你举一个人物的例子，这就更简单了，都是提前准备好的。别着急，后面都会说到，先说说这第一段。第一段的话，80%的作文书，第一句准是 as vividly+你看到图中的东西，都用烂了的，咱们不用，咱们的宗旨就是与众不同。第一句怎么写，咱们先不说，先说第二句。第二句一般会写，这个东西对我们的生活产生深远的影响。 例子，1、正如图片中生动形象的描画了一个文化火锅，里边有莎士比亚、佛 bulabula（后半句用非限定性定语从句，这个待会讲） 。2、文化对人们的生活产生了深远的影响。所以金翅给出的第一段第 2 句（一、2 用此表示，下
7、同）的表达方法。Multi-culture does exert such a profound effect on our life that it revolutionizes the way of peoples living and thinking.As is subtly revealed in the portrayal，there is a hot-pot，which involves Shakespeare and Buddha.And below the cartoon，there is a topic which says：the cultural hotpot is b
8、oth delicious and nutritious.( What a meaningful hotpot！图片没有配字的时候用)第二段一般是要介绍这个 PP 的深远意义或者产生的原因，写三条。第二段一共五句话，第一句说这个主题很有意义，24 句阐述意义或者解释原因，第五句一个总结搞定。模板如下：1：The thought-provoking drawing mirrors a common phenomenon in contemporary society that there is the positive influence of cultural blending.(用了一个同位
9、语从句,要是消极类的就用 negative)2，3 句套用万能理由。4， 我们第四句用的一个小技巧就是科学统计法，直接上句子，再讲解。According to the recent statistic conducted by CASSChinese Academy of Social Science，the past decade has witnessed a sharp increase in the percentage of people who supports multiculture from 21% to 78%.（根据中国社科院最近的统计数据，过去的十年里有一个飞速的增长支
10、持多元文化的人从 21%增长到了 78%）这句话很讲究，首先引入 CASS，字母大写吸引老师的眼球，要是你的字数太多了，可以把 CASS 换成 CCTV 或者 China Daily，然后就不用解释了。其次用 sharp，很与众不同。再结合 witness 高级用法，积极类的数字可以随便编，消极类的数字要谨慎点编，别太离谱了。5，前文说这个数字增长得很快。如果是好的东西增长的很快，比如支持文化融合的人越来越多了，那么后边接万能积极理由That is to say，multiculture win the appreciation of the public.如果是坏的东西越来越多了，比如污染面
11、积从*%增长到*%That is to say，This problem is getting worse and worse.有同学觉得这句话没说完，变得越来越严重了，然后呢？这就正好引出咱们的第三段，建议措施段。万能积极理由(10 条) ：1、* can broaden our horizon ,enlarge our scope of knowledge and enrich our spiritual civilization.（*拓宽我们的视野，扩大我们的知识面，丰富我们的精神文明。积极类的王牌理由，适合很多题材，网络，文化，读书，而且用到了罕有的修辞排比。气势磅礴，大开大合，老师眼
12、前一亮）2、* provides us with convenience.(最万能的理由，凡是有优点的，都能给我们提供方便，你就想吧，是不是？)3、* meet such kind of need in physical and psychological aspects.（满足我们的身心健康，短小精悍）4、Of all the ingredients of success,* seems to be the first within our control.（在成功的所有元素中，*看似是我们最能把我的。是个意志品质类的话题，自信，合作都可以拿来直接用，而且相当的华丽）5、* win the
13、appreciation of the public.（* 赢得了公众的共识，有重要的用处，后边说。 ）6、* is a kind of lubricant for interpersonal relationships.（*是一种人际关系的催化剂。网络、多元文化，爱心，适合很多题材。 ）7、stimulate ones interest and tap ones potential.(刺激我们的兴趣，激发我们的潜能)8、Nothing,except*,can play a more indispensable role in the cultivation of ones personali
14、ty.（华丽的句式多变，凑字数的佳句啊）9、* is an essential element of success.（没词时救场用的）10、* is the immortal theme of harmonious development. （没词时救场用的）万能消极理由(4 条) ：1、the goal of achieving a harmonious society may fall through under the negative influence of *.（超万能，所有的消极的东西，不论是环境污染，网络问题，温室花朵，过分捕鱼，交通拥挤，都会引起社会的不和谐，或许仅仅是在某
15、一小方面。考研作文么，沾边就对，不要太计较细节，老师也没时间细想，放心的用吧。 ）2、* bring great loss to both the individual and the whole society.（*对个人和社会带来损失）3、* kill a great mass of time.（浪费大量的时间）4、It is a epitome of the disharmonious relation between the society and human being in a specific aspect of *（这是一个人类和社会在*方面不和谐的缩影，五星级的华丽句子，*可
16、以是环境，可以是网络，可以是交通）5，Although life of citizens has been greatly changed，there is no denying the fact that the problem of internet，with which Chinese people are faced，becomes severely serious.例子就要用名人的例子，一般让举例子的作文题材，都是意志品质类的文章，像合作，自信什么的。既然是万能例子就要找具有各种优秀品质的人，什么人呢，成功人士。咱们就说两个，比尔盖茨和刘翔。一般有的优秀品质他们都有。怎么把例子变成句
17、子呢？比尔盖茨很自信？要这样写的话，写比尔盖茨和写李明就没有本质的区别了。所以咱们要突出他的特性。Bill Gates，for instance，who is the Chief Executive Officer of Microsoft，won the champion of ForbesWorlds Richest People in 2009.It is *that makes his company successful. 比尔盖茨是 09 年“服不服 ”排行榜的第一名LiuXiang，for instance，who is a famous athlete，won the cham
18、pion of the 110-meter-hurdle race of the Athens Olympic Games.It is *that makes him successful.刘翔雅典奥运会 110 米栏的冠军。这两个例子足够把所有的意志品质类的包含进去，可以放心使用。第三段， 积极类：强调好的东西对我们的重要。It is high time that we highlighted the significance of *（如 multiculture） and cultivated the citizensawareness that *（如 multiculture） is
19、 essential to us.（It is high time that we+动词的过去式，是一个虚拟语气的结构，千万要注意。 ）消极类：因为前文说的坏的东西增长的很快，所以接下来我们就要控制这种增长的趋势。然后就政府和个人两个方面来说明做法。It is high time that we took effective measures to curb this trend.As far as the government is concerned,it should set down corresponding legislations and regulations.As for u
20、s,we should arouse the awareness of public towards *（如Internet）.中性类的最后一段，在消极类的基础上加一句话。说明这个东西本身没有好坏之分，我们需要掌握一个度，比如还是网络问题。句子如下：I cherish a belief that * themselves are not good or bad and we can benefit a lot from * as long as we take a good control over them.三种类型都通用的总结，如下：Only by enforcing these meas
21、ures into practice, can our society be more harmonious ,our economy be more prosperous,and we,as individuals,embrace more promising perspective.(只有我们把这些措施付诸实施，社会才能更加和谐，经济才能更加繁荣，我们作为个人才能拥抱一个更加有希望的未来。气势磅礴的排比句，给作文画上一个圆满的句号)补充万能理由积极理由1、* offers extensive opportunities for every country in the world. 2、T
22、he majority of students believe that * will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills ,which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.大部分学生相信*会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的.【这句话也是五星级的，*可以是 part-time job、网络，文化交流等等，思路要开阔】3、Judging from the so
23、cial comprehensive factors, we can safely conclude that the Internet will change the lives of an untold number of people forever .根据社会等综合因素，我们可以有把握地得出这样的结论：网络将永远改变无数人的生活。【科学统计法的有一个例子，把 Internet 换成文化，自信，合作也很 OK 了，而且用了 safely conclude语气非常得体，推荐】4、By taking a major-related *, students can not only impro
24、ve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.学生不仅可以提高学习成绩，还可以获得在课本上学不到的经验。【兼职，网络，读书等等之类的话题】5、For the majority of people, * has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment 对于很多人来说，*占据了他们的生活和充实了他
25、们的生活。【适用很多积极类的话题，句式复杂多变，推荐】消极理由1、这里的万能理由，重点说一下 not only but also 这个五星搭配的用法。个人感觉很强大的一个句子，私下里多造几个句子。主语+ not only results in+* but also does harm to*since*不仅导致*而且对*有危害，因为*这个用法给出几个例子Spending too much time on the games not only results in failure in their study but also does harm to their health since th
26、ey keep still in front of the computer and watch the computer without blinking the eyes.Heavy burdens of homework not only results in the loss of interest in the study for students but also does harm to the physical and mental health since the children are overworked and have no time for rest or rel
27、axation. 2、Never before in history has the issue of overpopulation been more evident than now .历史上，人口过剩的问题从来没有比现在更加突出。【适合一切消极类的话题，人口过剩、环境污染、攻的】3、There is a growing worldwide awareness of the need for strengthened environmental protection .世界上越来越多的人认识到加强环境保护的必要性。【把加强环境保护可以换成消极类的主题】4、Greed and a total
28、 lack of social consciousness have been cited as major reasons for the dramatic rise pollution.人们认为贪婪和社会意识的彻底缺乏是造成污染急剧增加的主要原因。【把 pollution 换成交通等问题是不是很合适呢？有同学说交通怎么能跟贪婪搭边呢？人要是没有开私家车的欲望，那也不会有这么车，也不会有那么多的交通问题。所谓万能理由能自圆其说就行，不必纠结于细节】5、Rapid economic growth may lead to an overextension of resources and lea
29、d to an eventual catastrophic meltdown .经济迅速增长可能导致过度使用资源，并引起最终巨大的灾难。【消极类的，比如经济过度增长、能源过度消耗，交通问题增多，都很适用】解释说明意义1、With the development of our society, the campus no longer is an “Ivory Tower“.随着社会的进步，大学校园不再是一个象牙塔。【校园类的话题】2、No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.没有一项发明象互联网同时受到如此多的赞
30、扬和批评.【中性类话题适用】3、An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束.【换成读书，志愿者，弘扬文化之类的积极类话题】4、A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time .In fact ,it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study
31、.As an old saying goes :All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间,事实上,把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康,正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻.【把 part-time job 换成网络，运动什么的都很适合】5、The direct correlation between self-esteem and success also applies to ones ability to achieve.自尊和成功的直接联系也适用于一个人取得成就的能力。【适合意志品质类的文章，
32、self-esteem 可以换成自信、合作各种好的意志品质】词句提升闪光点的七种武器化腐朽为神奇1,强调名词【very+名词】比如：03 年温室花朵的范文The set of drawings above vividly depicts the destiny of a flower in different circumstances. As is shown in the first cartoon, the very flower is placed in a comfortable greenhouse which shelters it from the threatening li
33、ghtening and storm.2、强调动词【do/does/did+动词原形】The picture does state that they will travel extensively from north to south together with their combined legs.3、 强调形容词 副词+形容词4、 定语从句的介词前置提升5、 当用到相同意思的词的时候，先写高级的用法，后写一般的用法。35 这三条和在一块说，因为要用到同一个例句。副词+形容词？这个我们都知道啊，还用你金翅告诉我们。这里的副词不是一般的副词，而是和形容词同义的副词。可能说的太抽象，举一个
34、例子，也是超级华丽的一句话，加到你的模板中。Although life of citizens has been greatly changed，there is no denying the fact that the problem of internet，with which Chinese people are faced，becomes severely serious. 随着人们的生活发生了巨大的变化，这个事实是不可否认的：网络问题，中国人民所面对的这个问题，变得非常的严重。4：with which Chinese people are faced，用得非常地道，把 with 提前
35、到引导词 which 前，让句子的结构平衡。如果说 which Chinese people are faced with，这样也可以，但是哪个更有技术含量大家一眼也能看出来。5：这句话中两次出现“人们”这个词，如果你用两个 people 那你真是傻到家了，这句话中，用了 citizen 和 people，把高级的放前面，一般的放后边，惯用法。6、谚语的使用有些意志品质类的文章，如果加入一句相关的谚语会让你的文章大放光彩。但是不能直接写句子。加一个模板句型：An ancient oriental philosopher said，“谚语”.一位古老东方的先哲曾经说过，.有同学说西方的谚语为什么
36、用东方的先哲呢？比如：Where there is a will,there is a way.是西方的谚语，中国也有有志者，事竟成的语句。文化都是相通的，可以放心来用。7、你不得不知道的 there bethere be 是一个非常有用的句型，不要以为简单句就是低级的。使用 “there be”句型，可以将一个简单句，马上变成一个加入定语从句或者分词的复杂句。通篇的简单句、陈述句，没有句式变换的文章是得不到高分的。如何把一个简单句变成复合句呢？举个例子：Internet provides us with convenience.网络给我们提供便利。只是一句普通的陈述句，可能不会吸引老师的眼球
37、。there is the very Internet which provides us with convenience.要善于利用陈述句there be+定语从句的结构变化，多练几遍，考试时用一次。五大润色作文密法洞察细节，克敌先机1,多使用被动句增强你的文章说服力，可用被动语态，当做一个客观事实来陈述。再举个例子。Computers have been widely used in various fields.这样一个被动句是对事实的陈述，是一个议论文的标准格式。通篇都是主动句，偶尔出现12 个被动句会让文章增色不少。在复习作文的时候，每天改写几个被动句，练习一下，不要到考场上现想。
38、2、时态要统一由于议论文是要阐述观点，很少涉及动作发生的时间，所以写作中时态的运用很有限。最常使用的是一般现在时，其次是一般将来时和现在完成时，再次是一般过去时和现在进行时，其它时态用的相对不多。要注意事态的统一，不然作文就彻底没高分了。3、高级词汇的使用4、避免使用口语体得缩略形式5、书写工整英文翻译 ignore means no attention.) 6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent) 7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned)
39、, seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL) 8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail) 9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people) 10.top=peak, summit petitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)1 12.blame=conde
40、mn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable) 13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way) 14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation 15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish 16.
41、insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid) plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way) 18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental 19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or se
42、vere) 20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel 21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is) plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details) 23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solit
43、ary, there is no one near him/her) 24.small=minuscule(very small) 25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political) 26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly 27.difficult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and ti
44、ring, and involves a lot of efforts) 28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it) 29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)+ 30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make
45、it clear to people.) 31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize somethings large), tremendous(INFORMAL) 32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.) 33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is
46、 able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.) 34.attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently 35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)! 36.ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly,
47、or utterly destroy it.) 39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)4 40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed) 41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree)
48、,astonish(the same as astound) 42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)# 43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)! 44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be) 45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(gra
49、nd and very expensive 46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating) 47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL) 48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it) 49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold) 50.hot=boiling(very hot) 51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to peoples safety and health) 52.nowadays=current
