1、第三节 图表作文图表式作文是借助于图表或图画进行写作，把非文字信息转换成文字信息的一种作文形式。图表作文一般分为两种：表作文，即表格（table）和图作文，包括线状图（line graph） 、条状图（bar graph） 、饼状图（pie chart ）和图画（picture ） 。图表作文也属控制性作文，主要考察作者对非文字材料用文字进行转述或分析的能力，要求作者不仅要弄清提示，还要看懂所给图表和数据，能够概括图表内容，提出相关问题并加以分析、说明、归纳。图表作文实际上是说明文和议论文的结合体，通常采用先描述后议论的行文方式，一般是在看懂图表的基础上，先用说明文的写作方法在将图表内的重要信
2、息和数据用语言文字表达清楚，然后采用议论文的写作方式分析图表所揭示的问题或要表现的观点及主题。因此，图表作文的基本框架如下：弄清题意，概述图表所反映的主题、趋势；分析产生原因；发表看法、评论，预测未来或提出解决办法、建议。撰写图表式作文要从以下各点入手：首先要审题并分析图表，弄清表格、图形、数据、分类、横线、纵线及百分比代表什么；其次将图表、数字变为文字信息，使用较为规范的用语描述图表，要注意重点抓住关键数据和信息，无需对图表上的内容、数据面面俱到逐一罗列，要从整体看图表有何发展变化趋势，要善于把握趋势、特点、规律，认真审查图表、数字，获取信息，将代表发展趋势变化的数字变成文字，加以描述；然后
3、依据题意分析并得出结论，应就典型数字说明原因、分析比较其相互关系，利用描述、比较、对比等方法得出合乎情理的结论，做到自圆其说，具有说服力。三要有合理的写作程序。例 1：（表格作文）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words on Changes in Peoples Diet. Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the i
4、nformation in the table. Write three paragraphs according to the following outline: state the changes in peoples diet in the past five years; give possible reasons for the changes; draw your own conclusions.YearFood2005 2006 2007 2008 2009Grain 49% 47% 46.5% 45% 45%Milk 10% 11% 11% 12% 13%Meat 17% 2
5、0% 22.5% 23% 21%Fruit and Vegetables 24% 22% 20% 20% 21%Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%Changes in Peoples Diet in ChinaFrom the chart we can see that great changes have been taken place in the diet of the Chinese over the period from 2005 to 2009. Grain, which used to be the main food of most people
6、in China, is now playing a less important role and the consumption of it has decreased by 4%. On the other hand, the consumption of high-nutrition food such as milk, meat, chicken and fish has increased rapidly.The changes in diet can be accounted for by a number of factors. First, with the developm
7、ent of our society, people are becoming richer and richer, which enable them to afford to buy good foods. Another factor is that people have realized the importance of a balanced diet to their health and are seeking the most reasonable diet structure which will do good to their health. Lack of certa
8、in amount of meat or milk, for example, will result in poor health. Finally, owing to the economic reform, meat, chicken, fish and milk, which were scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities. For all these reasons, what was formerly called “the basket of vegetables” has now become that of
9、varied foods.To sum up, insignificant as those changes may seem, they are the signs of the improved economic condition in China. We believe that as long as the effort continues in reform and opening to the outside world, changes in peoples diet will be more obvious and great in the future.例 2：（线状图作文
10、）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the graph below. The suggested TITLE is: Car Accidents Declining in Walton City. Remember that your composition must be written according to the following outline: Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents indica
11、ted by the graph. Possible reason (s) for the decline of car accidents in the city. Your predictions of what will happen this year.Month in 1990Number of Car Accidents22 2532 30 27 26 3339 343019 1601020304050Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov DecCar Accidents Declining in Walton CityThe
12、 graph shows the changing rate of car accidents in Walton city in 1990. The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. From June on the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. After August the rate began to decline
13、, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year.The highest rate in August was due to unfavorable weather conditions. Humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient, which easily leads to car accidents. The high rate in the first half of 1990 was also caused by the bad w
14、eather condition. In Walton City the excessive rain comes at early spring. The rain made road slippery, which often resulted in car accidents.This year the pattern is expected to change. The city government has raised fund to improve the road condition. Two new roads will be finished at the beginnin
15、g of this year and are expected to open to traffic soon. Furthermore, the new road regulation provides that in summer every car must be air-conditioned. With all these precautions, Im sure that the rate of car accidents will be much lower this year.例 3：（条状图作文）Directions: For this part, you are allow
16、ed 30 minutes to study the following bar graph carefully and write an essay entitled “Rising Divorce Rates in China”. Your essay should be no less than 150 words. Remember to write clearly.Rising Divorce Rates in China05101956 1966 1976 1986 1996离 婚 率 %Rising Divorce Rates in ChinaIn recent years Ch
17、ina has experienced a dramatic increase in the divorce rate. According to the graph, during the last decade, the divorce rate in big cities has increased as much as it had in the previous thirty years. The upward trend in divorce seems to be a mirror of some important changes in Chinese society. Fir
18、st, legal changes have simplified divorce procedures, and removed barriers to divorce. Second, the changes in personal economic activities also facilitate divorce. Finally, there has been a significant change in social attitude towards the divorced persons.Whatever changes leading to the rise in div
19、orce rates, the fact and the statistics alone reflect the change in peoples traditional view of marriage and family life.例 4：（饼状图作文）Directions: Study the following pie charts carefully and write a composition on The Way College Students Spend Summer Holiday. Write three paragraphs to state the chang
20、es in the way college students spend summer holiday; give possible reasons for the changes; draw your own conclusion.32%30%28%10%ABCD(Note: A. Staying at home; B. Traveling; C. Doing social investigations; D. Other ways)The Way College Students Spend Summer HolidayThe charts above show that great ch
21、anges have taken place in the way college students spend their summer holiday. For one thing, the students who go traveling and take social investigations increased dramatically. For the other, students who stay at home dropped a lot from 1980 to 1990.Several factors are responsible for the changes.
22、 First, as the living standard has been greatly improved, lots of students can afford to go traveling. The second factor is due to the fierce competition in the job market. In order to get a satisfactory job in future, students attempt to broaden their view and know more about the world outside the
23、“ivory tower” through traveling and social investigation.As far as I am concerned, students will benefit much more from traveling and social investigation than from staying at home. Specifically speaking, they can make preparation for their future.例 5：（图画作文）Directions: For this part, you are allowed
24、 30 minutes to study the following pictures carefully and write an essay entitled “If You Dont Buy It For Me”. Your essay should be no less than 120 words. Remember to write clearly.Summer Vacation55%16%9%20%ABCDIf You Dont Buy It For MeIn this picture the little boy begins to crying and rolling on
25、the ground and points a toy pistol at his head, threatening, “If you dont buy it for me” when the mother decides not to buy the expensive toy car for him.Nowadays things like this are often seen in our daily life. One cause for this is that many families have only one child. The parents buy the chil
26、d whatever they can afford in order that the child could get a good education; however, the parents actually cannot afford whatever the child wants. Another is that the child gradually becomes used to being the family center and asking for everything he likes.It can be learned from the picture that parents should not educate their child like the mother; otherwise, the child could never develop well in a natural way.
