1、 who 可引导定语从句,指人,在从句中作主语(在非正式英语中亦可作宾语)。 I feel sorry for famous people who live their lives in the glare of publicity.我真可怜那些要在众目睽睽之下生活的名人。Hes not the kind of man who would go back on his words.他不是那种背信弃义的人。People who walk on the grass are liable to a fine.在草坪上行走要罚款。The man who I saw is called Smith.我见
2、到的那个人名叫史密斯。The man who telephoned was a friend of yours.打电话的人是你的一位朋友。He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。There is a lady who wants to see you.有一位女士要见你。 whom 可引导定语从句,指人,在从句中作宾语,可省略。 The girl with whom he had been living for two years suddenly packed her bags and left.这姑娘和他同居了两年,突然收拾起行李走掉了。The
3、police have pulled in a half dozen people whom they suspect.警方已逮捕6个他们怀疑的人。Thats the girl (whom) I teach. 那就是我教的女孩。The person (whom) you wish to see has come.你希望见到的人已经来了。 whose 可引导定语从句,通常指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。 He is a shallow thinker whose opinions arent worth much.他看问题很浅薄,他的意见没有多大价值。The play,whose style i
4、s rigidly formal,is typical of the period.这剧本是那个时期的典型作品,风格拘谨刻板。Nobody is going to buy a house whose front door opens onto a gas works.没有谁会买一栋前门对着煤气厂的房子。Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea.我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。 which 可引导定语从句,指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,常可省略。 This is the room which is kept for the rec
5、eption of visitors.这是专供接待来访者用的房间。There is a special parasite which gives rise to the itch.有一种特别的寄生虫会导致皮炎。Lally was right about the repairs which the cottage needed.拉莉关于农舍需要如何修理的意见是正确的。Rule out neatly any words which you dont wish Jack to read.把你不想让杰克看的词句整整齐齐地划掉。The sports day is an occasion which we
6、 can all join in.运动日是大家都能参加运动的一个机会。 that 可引导定语从句,可指事物,也可指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,常可省略。 She is one of the students that work very hard. 她是特别用功的学生之一。Is he the man that sells eggs?他是卖鸡蛋的那个人吗?I like those cookies that are coated with chocolate spread.我喜欢那些裹巧克力酱的甜饼。The letter that I received from him yesterday
7、 is very important.我昨天收到的他那封来信很重要。Here is the car that I had told you about.这就是我和你谈过的那辆汽车。 as 也可用作关系代词,既可以单独引出定语从句,又可与主句中的 the same 或such 相呼应 ,从句中谓语动词常省略。 The two brothers were satisfied with this decision,as was agreed beforehand.两兄弟对这个事先已经同意的决定都满意。I never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过他讲的这类故
8、事。I have never seen such a man as you talked about.我从没见过你说到的那种人。During this terrible year they took only such food as they could find.在这可怕的年头里,他们只能找到什么吃什么。He is not the same boy as he was.他和从前不一样了。Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been.她对他的态度同她一贯的态度完全一样。 引导定语从句的关系代词前有时有介词,这类从句中
9、的介词放在从句的末尾时关系代词可以省略。 I gave him old clothes which he made a penny of.我给了他一些旧衣服,让他拿去换钱。The situation (which) we had got into was very dangerous.我们当时的处境很危险。The man (whom) we sent the present to is a doctor of laws.我们寄给他礼物的那个人是位法学博士。He married a wife by whom he had two daughters.他娶了妻并和她生了两个女儿。Water is
10、the natural medium in which most fish live.水是大多数鱼类生活的自然环境。 when 可引导定语从句,表示时间,其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。 There were long periods when we had no news of him.我们曾好长时间没有他的消息。Jenney dreams of the day when she will be playing the piano for a living.珍妮梦想着有朝一日能以演奏钢琴为生。This is the hour when the place is full of people.这
11、种时候这地方到处都是人。 where 可引导定语从句,表示地点,其先行词往往是表示地点的名词。 Returning to a city where one used to live can be a saddening experience.重归故地有时会给人带来几许惆怅。I went off in search of a garage where I could buy some petrol.我跑去寻找加油站买汽油。The tourists sought out a shady spot where they sat down and rested. 旅游者找到一块阴凉的地方坐下休息。 w
12、hy 可引导定语从句,表示原因,常用在先行词 reason 后面。 The reason why she didnt get the job was that her English was not very good.她没得到这个工作的原因是她的英语不是很好。The reason why he is late is that his car went wrong.他迟到的原因是他的汽车坏了。That is the reason why we must go now.这就是我们现在必须走的理由。This is one of the basic reasons why some of our w
13、ork cant be done well.这是我们有些工作做不好的一个基本原因。 how 可引导定语从句,表示方法,常用在先行词 way 后面。 This is the way how he always treats me. 他一贯就是这样对待我的。Thats the way how I learn English.那就是我学英语的方法。 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的修饰成分,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,与主句之间不能用逗号分开。 We have worked out a scheme which should save the com
14、pany several thousand pounds a year. 我们设计出一个一年可为公司节省几千英镑的计划。The custom dates from the times when men wore swords.该习俗始于人类佩带刀剑的时代。 非限制性定语从句与主句关系不十分密切,只是对先行词作附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,一般不用that 引导。 The patient,who had been asleep for nearly three hours,began to move his limbs.病人睡了将近3小时才开始动一动胳
15、膊和腿。This could be the winning game for the challenger,who only needs two more points for the championship.这场比赛可能是挑战者获胜,他只要再得两分就得冠军了。Watch for our new improved product,which will be on the market next week!等着看我们新改进的产品吧,它们将于下星期开始在市场上出售。The journey,which I remember well,was very pleasant.我清楚地记得那次旅行很愉快。
16、She was shown into a small room,where there was a dying man.她被领进了一间小屋,那里有一个垂死的人。 that 和 which 一般可换用。 This is the book which/that you asked for.这是你要的书。 当先行词为不定代词,如anything,nothing,everything,all,any,little,few,none,much,one 等时用 that。 Dont do anything that is beneath you.不要做有损身价的事。There is nothing tha
17、t does not contain contradiction.没有什么事物是不包含矛盾的。Dont believe everything that he tells you.他给你讲的不要事事都相信。I can credit all that you are telling me.我可以相信你告诉我的一切。The conference was similar to any that had gone before.I dont want to come again.会议与以往的差不多,我再也不想来了。Nearly all the wine had been drunk,but we fin
18、ished the little that was left.酒差不多喝光了,不过我们还是把剩下的那点儿干了。His proposal contains much that is reasonable.他的建议包含不少合理的因素。A hateful person is one that arouses feelings of hatred in you.可憎之人就是会使你产生憎恨之情的人。A deep subject is one that is hard to understand.深奥的问题是难以理解的。 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时用 that。 The third tree t
19、hat I planted was cut down by someone again.我种下的第三棵树又被人砍倒了。He gives the driest speech that I have ever listened to.他的讲话是我所听过的最枯燥的。The worst matter that I am afraid of happened in the end.我担心的最糟的事情终于发生了。The first thing that I want to do now is to have a drink.我现在想做的第一件事就是喝点酒。It was the largest map th
20、at I ever saw.那是我所看见过的最大的地图。 当先行词被 all,any,every,each,few,no,some 等词修饰时,关系代词用 that。 They pushed open all the windows that remained closed for a whole month.他们把整整关了一个月的窗子都推开了。All the presents that your friends give you on your birthday should be put away.你生日那天你的朋友送给你的礼物都必须收好。I have some things that I
21、 must do today.我有一些今天必须做的工作。Would you please correct any wrong spellings that you find?请改正你发现的拼写错误,好吗？There is every chance that she will succeed.她完全有机会取得成功。I have no money that I can spare.我没有多余的钱。He quickly knocked out the few things that had to be looked after before leaving.他迅速办好了几件动身前必须料理的事情。 当
22、先行词被 the very,the only,the same,the last 修饰时,关系代词用 that。 This is the very book that I have been looking for.这是我一直寻找的那本书。She is the very person that I wanted to see.她正是我要见的人。He was the only person that could rule over the tribes.他是唯一能统治那些部族的人。He is the only one of us that knows Russian.他是我们中间唯一懂俄语的人。
23、Thats the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday.这个人与前天求援的是同一个人。It is the same song that I heard yesterday afternoon.这就是我昨天下午听的那首歌。He is the last man that I want.他是我最不想见的人。She was the last person that came back.她是最后一个回来的人。 当先行词中既有人又有物时,关系代词用 that。 He was watching the children and parc
24、els that filled the car.他望着塞满车的孩子和包裹。We talked about the persons and things that we remembered in school.我们谈到了我们还记得的学校中的人和事。 当主句是由 who 或 which 开头的疑问句时,关系代词用 that。 Which of the books that you bought yesterday was written by Bacon?你昨天买的哪本书是培根写的？ 引导非限制性定语从句用 which,不用 that。 He proudly pointed out the bi
25、ggest sheep,which already weighed 150 kilograms.他骄傲地把最大的一只羊指给我们看,它已经有 150千克重了。The women never drink in this manner,which is absolutely special to men.妇女从来不用这种方式喝酒,这完完全全是男人喝酒的方式。Glass,which breaks at a blow,is,nevertheless,capable of withstanding great pressure.玻璃尽管一击就碎 ,却能承受很大的压力。 介词之后须用 which。 I di
26、slike the school to which he belongs.我不喜欢他所在的那所学校。If you run back over the season, you cant pick out a game in which he played badly.如果你回顾一下那个赛季,你找不出他哪一场打得不好。This is the point,from which all distances are measured.从这一点开始来测量各个方向的距离。 当先行词为 something 时,关系代词可用 that,也可用 which。 Painting is something that I really enjoy doing.绘画才是我真正喜欢做的事。We may eventually become members of the club, but this is not something that should be rushed into.我们最终会成为俱乐部成员的,但不能草率行事。Freedom is something which is won,not granted.自由是争取来的 ,不是别人赏赐的。Ive just struck on something which might be of use to us.我刚才想到一个办法可能会对我们有用。
