1、中考完形填空通关秘笈完考完形填空一般选用 220-250 词左右的短文，语言地道、表述清楚，大部分为记叙文，侧重描述故事情节变化或心理变化的过程。也有一部分为说明文，侧重讲述科普和文化方面的内容。一、命题特点完形填空的考查目标主要包括以下三个方面：1词汇意义：主要考查在整体理解的基础上对词义的判断能力，其命题特点是：如果不考虑上下文，将各选项填入孤立的句子中，则句子在语法上均成立，多数情况下意义也成立。因此我们必须从整体出发，通过上下文进行分析推断，才能找到正确选项。2语法：完形填空中单独考查语法知识的选项很少，但每个选项的词或词组都以一定的语法形式在句中出现，因此有些选项既考查词义，又考查词
2、法、句法，某些选项同时还考查语义辨析。3上下文逻辑关系：文章的文理脉络和特定上下文对词与词、句与句之间的逻辑关系都有客观的限定性，因此完形填空也特别注意从上下文理解的角度进行考查，这主要体现在两个方面：上下文暗示和上下文限定。二、解题步骤1快速通读全文，初步了解大意。完形填空不同于单句填空，必须要有篇章意识。有些同学拿到完形填空题，刚读了一两个句子，就动手去填，填到最后，才发现个人的思路与原文的意思不符，不得不再从头开始。这种做法既费时又费力，还容易出错，因此是不可取的。2精读全文，抓住中心思想，逐一解题。同学们解题时要学会“放弃” ，因为完形填空题是在一个语篇中进行考查的。做题时不大可能一气
3、呵成。同学们应该先做会做的，不会做的暂时放弃。在处理全文的过程中，往往会有柳暗花明之时。另外，做完形填空题一定要有全局观，不能孤立地处理每个空，而应该上串下联，左右逢源。因为有些题的考点隐藏较深，单独来看似乎某个选项是对的，但结合语篇来理解，该选项却是错误的。所以，要有全局观。3双向思维，逻辑推理。所谓双向思维，就是既要顺向思维，又要逆向思维。顺向思维是根据上下文所给的事实，预测和推断后面将会出现的结果;逆向思维则是借助下文所给的事实,说明和验证前面的分析判断是否正确。通过双向思维，进行逻辑推理，最终敲定答案，使之前后吻合，顺理成章。4辨明词义，牢记搭配。有些完形填空题考查同义词、近义词、惯用
4、法等内容，这就需要牢记惯用法，熟练掌握固定搭配，根据上下文和语言情境仔细辨别词义，选定正确答案。5复读全文，验证答案。完形填空题目全部做完后，应当把短文从头到尾再读一遍，检查一下填空以后的文章是否连贯，情节是否合理。检查所选答案是否既符合全文中心思想，又符合上下文语境。如遇疑点，再仔细推敲，反复斟酌，做出必要的修正。三、解题技巧做好完形填空的关键在于立足全篇，而与此同时，掌握一定的解题技巧也是很重要的，可以达到事半功倍的效果。下面我们重点解析一下完形填空五种基本的解题方法。1. 利用语境，找到提示。利用语境作答包含三个层次。第一层次：在同一句前后词中可以找到线索作答；第二层次：逾越句子层次，在
5、前后句中可以找到线索作答；第三层次：从其它段落甚至全文角度综合考虑问题。同学们在抓住中心的基础上，要充分利用文章本身提供的信息来理解文章，对文章领会越深刻，越能体会到上下文之间的逻辑关系，答案才能找得越准确。（下文中划横线部分的词汇是原文中所缺之空，为举例完整特将之补上。 ）例: 2012 内蒙古包头At the nearest vet clinic, the vet gently checked it. “Hes about one year old and has two _ legs, but I would need X-rays to know how serious the dam
6、age is,” he told me. As he is not your cat, I dont know if you want to go on with this. It could be rather expensive.A.fallen B. dying C. broken D. missing【解析】根据前文可知作者在路上遇到一只受伤的猫，所以这里应该选择“broken”，下文中“the vet rang to say the X-rays confirmed two breaks in his leg”也可以推断出本题的答案。2. 理解词义，熟练运用。做完形填空遇到的一个最大
7、的问题就是拿不准该选哪个词，这就需要我们明确上下文逻辑关系之后，进一步体会词意在不同语境中的区别：程度的深浅、范围的大小、感情色彩的不同、事物发展过程的阶段、各种场合人物动作或心理的差异、产生结果的不同方面等等。要区别易混词，首先要在上下文中根据语境的需要来决定到底该选程度深的还是浅的；其次要知道每个词的意义。所谓意义，不能只根据中文翻译，必要时英文解释可以帮助我们准确掌握真正意义；另外回忆这些词过去所用过的场合，也可以帮助我们区别词的准确意义。这一部分有些命题与单项选择相似，但更多的是考查词汇在篇章中的意义，并非单纯的语意选择。中考卷中考查的词汇涉及名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词等，以
8、实词为主。同学们要牢固掌握所学词汇的含义及用法。掌握常见的词义辨析，如：little, a little, few, a few; other, others, the other, another; say, speak, talk, tell; take, spend, cost, pay；look, see, watch, read 等等。例: 2012 辽宁沈阳Jay _ that he learned a lot from Kobes sports spirit when creating the song. He does most of the singing part whil
9、e Kobe gets the role as a rapper (说唱歌手). The basketball star is very confident with his play.A. told B. spoke C. said D. talked【解析】本题考查的是动词词义辨析。tell“告诉”；speak 强调说话的能力，说某种语言；talk 指“谈话，交谈”；say 指说的内容，带宾语。句意为：周杰伦说当他创作这首歌的时候，他从科比的运动精神中学到了很多。强调说话的内容，故选 C。3. 掌握惯用法和固定搭配。惯用法和固定搭配，主要是考查同学们对语言知识的熟悉程度和实际语言运用的能力
10、。对策：学好基础知识，牢固掌握短语及常用搭配，结合自身实际多练多用。例: 2012 青海But the outside world wasnt as _ as she thought. Ten years later, she came back home with a tired body and mind.A. good B. well C. better D. best【解析】根据 asas结构可知，此处使用形容词原级，可以排除 C、D 两项；根据句意 “外面的世界不像她想象的那样好”可知，此处应使用形容词 good，故选 A。4. 利用语法知识。有些完形填空的选项是根据语法点而设的，这
11、就需要我们根据所掌握的语法知识，分析出正确选项；还有一些选项是根据固定搭配而设，如动介搭配、名介搭配、形容词与介词搭配等等，我们根据所掌握的搭配知识，就可以做出正确选择。当然，这两种选项所占比例并不大。语法是构成语言的核心要素之一，考查语法是体现同学们对语言环境的理解、对语言知识的准确运用能力的重要手段。例: 2012 黑龙江哈尔滨Everyone likes a person who is good at cooperating with others. Besides, in our society, most problems cant be _ by one person alone.
12、 Each of us is like a small part of a machine.A. solve B. solved C. solving【解析】本题考查动词语态。主语 problems 是动作 solve 的承受者，应用被动语态。所以此空要填 solve 的过去分词 solved，故选 B。5. 利用常识，帮助判断。在缺失部分内容的情况下，要比较准确地把握文章作者的意图和观点，就不可避免地要结合已知的上下文信息和生活常识进行合乎逻辑的推测和判断。注意文章中的连词，如：and, or, but, however, then, because, so, too, either 等，正
13、确判断转折、让步、因果、递进、比较、对比等逻辑关系。例: 2012 广西柳州Betty is a student in a junior high school. She always gets up early, at about 6:00. She makes her bed and washes her face quickly. She often has _ and bread for breakfast.A. pencils B. shoes C. milk【解析】根据常识，早餐一般会吃牛奶和面包，所以应该选择“milk”，另外两个选项铅笔和鞋显然不对，故选 C。总之，完形填空的解
14、题关键是要以文章为纲，按照文章的情节发展顺序，以句意为小整体，灵活运用所学的语言基础知识，字斟句酌，反复推敲。同学们不能抱着侥幸心理和随便乱猜的心态去做完形填空。平时就要增加词汇量、阅读量、实践量，不断总结经验，培养语感，掌握技巧。在基础知识扎实、阅读理解能力较高的基础上，完形填空的解题技巧才能得以充分发挥，产生最佳效果。记叙类完形填空真题解析2012 河南A young man was interested in jade (玉) stones. So he went to Mr Smith, a gemologist (玉石家), to learn from his. Mr Smith r
15、efused because he feared that the young man would not have the_1_ to learn. The young man asked for a chance again and again._2_Mr Smith agreed and told him: “Be here tomorrow.”The next morning the young man came. Mr Smith put a jade stone in the young mans hand and told him to_3_it. He then went ab
16、out his work. The young man sat quietly and waited.The following morning, Mr Smith again_4_a jade stone in the _5_young mans hand and told him to hold it. On the third, fourth, and day, Mr Smith did the same thing and repeated his_6_. On the sixth day, the young man held the jade stone, _7_he could
17、no longer stand the silence. “When am I going to learn something?” asked the young man.“You will learn,” said Mr Smith and went about his work.Several more days went by and the young man felt very_8_. One morning he was asked to do it once more. As soon as he held it, the young man shouted_9_looking
18、 at his hand: “This is not the same jade stone!”“You have begun to _10_,” said Mr Smith.1. A. chance B. ability C. patience D. time2. A. Slowly B. Silently C. Quickly D. Finally3. A. cut B. hold C. touch D. watch4. A. placed B. took C. gave D. sent5. A. third B. fourth C. fifth D. sixth6. A. instruc
19、tions B. suggestions C. promises D. decisions7. A. and B. but C. or D. so8. A. unhappy B. excited C. surprised D. pleased9. A. at B. on C. without D. by10. A. refuse B. follow C. accept D. learn本文讲述了一个年轻人向史密斯先生学习玉石知识的故事。刚开始，史密斯先生拒绝了他，因为他怕年轻人没有足够的耐心。最后，经过史密斯先生的特殊测试，年轻人开始学习了。1. C。本题考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“ 反复让他
20、拿玉石 ”可知，此处表示“ 史密斯先生怕年轻人没有耐心”，patience 的意思是“耐心” ，故选 C。2. D。本题考查副词词义辨析。slowly 意为“慢慢地”；silently 意为“安静地”；quickly 意为“迅速地”；finally 意为“ 最后” 。根据上文“年轻人反复寻求机会 ”以及下文“Be here tomorrow.”可知， “最后史密斯先生同意了”，故选 D。3. B。本题考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“told him to hold it”可知，此处表示“ 让他拿住”，故选 B。4. A。本题考查动词词义辨析。place 意为“放置”；take 意为“拿走”；giv
21、e 意为“给”；send意为“发送”。根据文意可知， “史密斯先生又在年轻人手里放了一块玉石 ”，故选 A。5. C。本题考查序数词的用法。根据上文的“third，fourth”以及下文中的“On the sixth day”可知，此处表示第五天，故选 C。6. A。本题考查名词词义辨析。instruction 意为“指示，指令” ；suggestion 意为“建议” ；promise 意为“诺言” ；decision 意为“ 决定”。根据上文可知 “史密斯先生做了同样的事情，重复了他的指令”，故选 A。7. B。本题考查连词词义辨析。and 表示并列关系；but 表示转折关系；or 表示选择
22、关系；so 表示因果关系。 “第六天，年轻人握住玉石”和“ 他再也忍受不了这种沉默 ”之间存在着转折关系，故选 B。8. A。本题考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“ 一天早晨，他被要求再做一次 ”可知， “他感到非常不高兴”，故选 A。9. C。本题考查介词的用法。句意为：年轻人一拿到玉石，连手都没看就喊:“这一块是不一样的玉石”。without 的意思是“没有” ，符合文意，故选 C。10. D。本题考查动词词义辨析。 refuse 意为“拒绝” ；follow 意为跟随”；accept 意为“接受”；learn 意为“学习 ”。句意为：你已经开始学了。故选 D。2012 北京Several w
23、eeks ago, our headmaster, Mr Gaudi, told us that our school had been chosen to compete on Smart Aleck a game show which my best friend Carla and I both love. Carla has a good imagination, and I know a lot of history, so we thought wed be good_1_for the team.A few days later, Mr Gaudi held a meeting
24、with everyone interested in the_2_. He told us that Smart Aleck uses a five-member team. He also said that three more people would be needed as backup (替补). Unluckily, four times that many students were at the meeting. So Mr Gaudi said we would have a_3_and the top eight scorers would become the tea
25、m and the backup. Everybody agreed that this was a_4_way to decide.Yesterday, all of the hopefuls went to the dining hall after school. We would have to decide the starting line-up (阵容). Mr Gaudi acted as the host. After a couple of hours, all the _5_on the team were set except one. Carla and I _6_f
26、or that last position. We had to hold a one-on-one competition between the two of us. The winner would be on the team and the loser would be the backup.Midway through our two-person competition, I was starting to pull ahead. _7_I saw the look on Carlas face. I waited for a second and knew what I had
27、 to do. As much as I wanted to be on Smart Aleck, Carla wanted_8_even more. So, starting with my next question, I held back and let Carla_9_, just by a little bit. Her expression as she_10_she would be on the show made up for my not being on the team. And since I will go as backup, Ill still have th
28、e fun of seeing the show up close.Was I_11_by not trying as hard as I could? I dont think so. No one noticed, and Carla and I didnt_12_it. It wont hurt the team because Carla will be a very good competitor on the real show. I think that making my best friend happy was the right thing to do.1. A. cho
29、ices B. pairs C. leaders D. fans2. A. course B. work C. trip D. show3. A. direction B. discussion C. competition D. conversation4. A. special B. hard C. fair D. funny5. A. places B. rules C. names D. orders6. A. tied B. clapped C. cried D. returned7. A. Still B. Never C. Then D. Again8. A. us B. it
30、C. me D. her9. A. wait B. turn C. move D. win10. A. accepted B. realized C. considered D. decided11. A. coming B. refusing C. helping D. cheating12. A. mean B. plan C. regret D. say解析本文讲述了“我” 和好朋友 Carla 都想代表学校参加我们喜爱的一个游戏比赛，在面临两个人竞争一个参赛名额的时候， “我”把机会让给了好朋友，因为“我”觉得让最好的朋友开心才是要做的正确的事情。1. A。本题考查名词词义辨析。根据前
31、文可知： Carla 富有想象力而 “我”懂得很多历史知识，所以我们都是队伍的最好选择。choices 是“选择” 的意思，符合语境。2. D。本题考查名词词义辨析。从文章的第一段我们得知，我们学校即将参加的是一个游戏比赛“game show”，所以这题应该选择 “show”。3. C。本题考查名词词义辨析。从前面一句话我们可以得知参加这次比赛的队伍将有八个人组成，而有兴趣想要参与的学生是这个数字的四倍，所以校长决定举行一次竞赛，选出前八名学生参加比赛。competition 意为“竞赛”。4. C。本题考查形容词词义辨析。用一场比赛来决定能够加入代表学校的选手，大家都觉得很公平，所以应该选择
32、 fair， “公平、公正”。5. A。本题考查名词词义辨析。句意为：几小时后，这个队除了一个人没有确定，其他的位置都被确定下来了，所以这一题应该选择 places。6. A。本题考查动词词义辨析。从后文我们可以知道，Carla 和“我” 要通过一对一的加赛来决定谁能获得最后一个名额，可推测出之前的比赛我们打成了平手，这一题应该选择tied，在这里意为“打成平手”。7. C。本题考查副词词义辨析。这个句子中有一个词组 pull ahead，意为“领先” 。这句话意为：“我”开始加速，赶在了她前面，我看到了她脸上的表情。这两个句子是承接的关系，所以应该选择“then”。8. B。本题考查代词词义
33、辨析。尽管“我”非常地渴望获得参加这个游戏比赛的名额，但是Carla 比我更想要。从上下文可以得知 Carla 想要的东西是这个“ 名额”，应该选择“it”指代这个名额。9. D。本题考查动词词义辨析。从上下文分析“ 我”的心理得知，因为知道 Carla 比自己更想得到这个名额，所以“我” 开始退让，想让 Carla 赢，所以这里应该选择 “win”。10. B。这一题考查动词词义辨析。Carla 意识到她获得了参加比赛的名额，所以应该选择“realized”。accepted 意为“接受”，considered 意为“考虑” ，decided 意为“决定”。11. D。本题考查动词词义辨析。
34、 “我”没有在和 Carla 的比赛中尽自己的全力，这是一种作弊行为吗？根据上下文意思可知这里应该选择 cheating(欺骗，作弊) 。refuse 的意思是“ 拒绝”。12. B。本题考查动词词义辨析。根据前文可知，Carla 和 “我” 并没有计划好要这样做，所以应该选择“plan”。记叙类完形填空模拟训练（一）Passage 1Once there was a farmer who owned a donkey (驴). The donkey was now too_1_to work. One day, it fell into the farmers _2_.The farmer
35、heard the_3_of the donkey, but he thought neither the donkey nor the well was worth (值得) the trouble of saving._4_he called his neighbors together. He told them_5_had happened and asked them to help carry dirt (泥土) to bury the old donkey in the well.At the beginning, the donkey was very_6_. But as m
36、ore and more dirt_7_his back, an idea came to him: he should shake it off and climb up!“Shake it off and climb up. shake it off and climb up. shake it off and climb up!” he told himself again and again. No matter how it_8_, the old donkey fought hard to shake the dirt off and climb up!Before long th
37、e tired old donkey had_9_over the wall of that well! The dirt hadnt_10_him, but had helped him. It was all because of his attitude that he saved himself.Choose the best answer:1. A. clever B. old C. fat D. slow2. A. farm B. house C. well D. trouble3. A. crying B. Singing C. calling D. laughing4. A.
38、But B. Because C. And D. So5. A. what B. how C. which D. that6. A. excited B. sad C. brave D. smart7. A. beat B. covered C. met D. hit8. A. fell B. Happened C. hurt D. tried9. A. stepped B. jumped C. run D. got10. A. killed B. buried C. carried D. helpedPassage 2Carnegie was born in 1888to a poor fa
39、rming family in the central United States. The boy didnt see a train_1_he was 12 years old. In his teens, he had to get up at 3 am every day to_2_the cows in his family.When Carnegie first entered college, he felt_3_because of his clothes and ordinary looks. His mother_4_him: “Why not try to be bett
40、er in other things instead of just dress and good_5_?”Carnegie tried to be more active in college. He_6_the debate team (辩论队). But one after another, he lost 12 meets. The young man was very_7_in himself. He said later that he thought of killing himself after so many failures._8_soon Carnegie was se
41、en practicing public speaking on the riverside. His hard work_9_at last. In 1906, Carnegie won a famous speech contest and became widely known.The young man made_10_own words come true: “Believe that you will succeed, and you will.”In order to_11_his success, Carnegie opened schools and wrote books.
42、 His best-sellers include How to Win Friends and Influence People and How to Stop Worrying and Start Living. More than 50 million_12_of his books have been printed in 38 languages. They are still helping people on the road to success.Choose the best answer:1. A. when B. as C. until D. while2. A. hel
43、p B. milk C. train D. collect3. A. hopeless B. tired C. happy D. useless4. A. replied B. cheeredC. protected D. encouraged5. A. goods B. looks C. families D. speeches6. A. joined B. visitedC. organized D. influenced7. A. interested B. surprisedC. disappointed D. excited8. A. Although B. Then C. So D
44、. But9. A. paid off B. gave offC. put off D. set off10. A. ones B. her C. his D. its11. A. achieve B. share C. realize D. show12. A. books B. ones C. stories D. copiesPassage 3Robert had just moved into the neighborhood, and he had a strange feeling that he was not wanted.He thought maybe_1_boys wer
45、e trying to get an idea of what he was like. But that didnt make him feel any less_2_. He was new, and he had to be_3_. Still, proving (证明) himself would not be all_4_easy. He did not want to make friends with bad boys or do anything_5_the law to prove that he was_6_. No! He must show what he was_7_
46、in a good way. Thats how he got his idea.The next day was Saturday. He_8_that most of the boys would go down to the playground and choose sides for Saturdays_9_game. Robert knew he could play well, and that might be enough to prove he was strong. Then the boys would want to be his friends.He_10_earl
47、y and did his step exercises. He shot (投掷) the ball several times and did some other exercises, some of _11_were very difficult and looked cool.Then the boys came. Robert_12_what he had done before the game and_13_what he could do. No one said a_14_. The boys just looked at each other and thought ab
48、out it. When it was all over, the biggest one in the group_15_and shook his hand. Robert knew he had made it.1. A. another B. the others C. others D. the other2. A. lonely B. Friendly C. happy D. uncertain3. A. examined B. Checked C. corrected D. tested4. A. even B. that C. too D. much5. A. for B. a
49、gainst C. on D. about6. A. weak B. Friendly C. strong D. lovely7. A. made of B. made from C. made up of D. made into8. A. decided B. Considered C. realized D. knew9. A. football B. Basketball C. volleyball D. baseball10. A. arrived B. Got C. reached D. appeared11. A. that B. it C. them D. which12. A. looked through B. went through C. lived through D. got through13. A.
