1、1辅音部分辅音在发音的过程中从肺部输出的气流受到某种阻碍。辅音的音值是由两种因素所决定的，即阻碍形成的方式和阻碍形成的部位。另外，辅音又有清音和浊音之分，其中不少是相对应的清浊辅音。辅音分类如下：爆破音 气流在口腔某一部位受到完全阻塞，当阻塞突然解除，积压起来的气流随之而冲出，形成爆破音，如p b t d k g。摩檫音 气流没有受到完全阻塞，而是在口腔某一部位，通道变得很窄，致使气流冲出缝隙时遇到部分不完全阻塞而形成摩檫音，如破檫音 在一个破檫音之后，紧接着一个破檫音，两个音合在一起形成一个破檫音，两个音当中，以第一个音开头，以第二音为主体，如t d 鼻腔音 软颚下垂，打开通向鼻腔的通道，气
2、流从鼻腔泄出，同时，口腔某部位受到完全阻碍而形成鼻腔音。英语有三个鼻腔音旁流音 舌头在口腔中间当住气流的去路，气流转向舌头的一旁或两侧泄出，形成旁流音l。半元音 半元音兼有元音和辅音的特点。它是一个很短暂的元音过渡，很快转到后面一个更明显的元音。但在元音构成中，它所起的又是辅音的作用，因而叫半元音，如 半元音属于辅音的范畴。爆破音 p bp b是双唇爆破音，由双唇合拢而形成阻塞,发音时双唇突然分开，气流冲出口腔。 p是清辅音，发音时声带不振动、送气，b是浊辅音，声带振动、不送气。p在英语单词中常见的拼法：p pipe pill pot people top hope paper payb在英语
3、单词中常见的拼法：b boy bill butter bubble cab web robber jobp b对比:pig, big; pat, bat; peach, beach; pad, bad; mop, map; pin, bin; rip, rib; cap, cab; nip, nib; repel, rebel爆破音 t dt d是齿龈爆破音。t是清辅音，发音时舌尖紧贴上齿龈，形成阻碍，突然下降，气流冲出口腔，声带不振动。d是浊辅音，发音部位同t，发音时声带要振动、不送气。t在英语单词中常见的拼法：t tape, taught, tall, tone, seat, wet, b
4、oat, tanktt letter, latter, better, butter, matter, scatter, -ed helped, asked, wished, excited, delighted, respected, laughed, stopped, coughed, d在英语单词中常见的拼法：d dot, date, double, dear, sad, code, crowd, flooddd ladder, muddy, meddle, middle, add, odd, paddy-ed tried, played, cleaned, ended, pretend
5、ed, succeeded音素比较t d p t b ttin din pie tie bear teartip dip peach teach beach teachteam deem pack tack bank tank软颚摩檫音 k g发k音时，舌后部隆起，紧贴软颚，形成阻碍，突然离开，让气流冲，口腔，它是清辅音，发音时声带不振动。g的发音部位同k，它是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。k在英语单词中常见的拼法：k king, kite, kick, kite, kettle, banker, wake, bark, bakery2c cart, come, act, music, traffi
6、c, could, costly, crowdedck 在词尾）back, lack, Jack, snack, pick, neck, sick, lucky, packch school, scholar, stomach, ache, character, chemistryqu kw liquor, conquer, lacquer, mosquitoes, unique, quiet, quick, questionk在单词中不发音：knees, knife, knight, know, knowledge, knit, knotk g对比：cold, gold; cap, gap;
7、 curl, girl; come, gum; back, bag; lack, lag; crow, grow; card, guard; pick, pig; ankle, angle; market, target;鼻腔音 m n 鼻腔音有三个mn，发鼻腔音时，双唇紧闭软颚下垂，打开通向鼻腔的通道，气流从鼻腔泄出。鼻腔音都是浊音，基本上与汉语相同。m是双唇鼻腔音。发音事双唇紧闭，软颚下垂，气流从鼻腔泄出，当m音位于词尾时需发音略为延长，以防止吞音。m在英语单词中常见的拼法：m many, mat, muddy, might, mouth, mutton, money, memory, t
8、ame, game, common, mannermm summer, swimmer, immense, humming, jamming, hammern是齿龈鼻腔音。发音时舌尖紧抵上齿龈，形成阻碍，软颚下垂，气流从鼻腔泄出。n 在词末时音需发地略为延长，以防止吞音。n在英语单词中常见的拼法：n noon, nerve, none, nurse, navy, nose, normal, noble, snobbish, warn, hornnn funny, sunny, skinnykn knee, know, kneel, knot, knit, knowledge, knock, k
9、nife, knight舌后软颚鼻辅音 发 音时舌后部向软颚抬起，堵住口腔通道，让气流从鼻腔泄出。发音时声带振动。这个音不在词首出现，在词尾时发音清晰有力。在英语单词中常见的拼法：ng sing, young, angry, stronger, laughing, junction, anything, finger, spring, belongnk sink, bank, drink thank, think, sink, sunk, wink, rank音素比较k g nkick king tug tongue bansick sing rug rung sinluck lung wig
10、 wing win摩檫音英语共有四对清浊相对的摩檫音，又称延续音以区别于爆破音。发音时气流可以持续通过造成隙的部位，伴随而来的是一种轻微的摩檫声。发音时，下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间的缝隙中通过，引起摩檫，f发清辅音,v发浊辅音。f在英语单词中常见的拼法：f fine, fun, fan, failure, field, famous, faith, formal, feather，left, half, staff, offerph philosophy, telephone, phonetics, physical, photograph, sphere, atmospheregh laug
11、h, cough, enough, rough, toughv在英语单词中常见的拼法：v vast, vine, veal, voice, village, victim, virtue, vice, verbal, verify, leaf, brave, arrive, receive, believe, vacation3舌尖齿背摩檫音 发音时舌尖轻触齿背，气流由舌齿间的窄缝泄出，摩檫成音。是清辅音， 是浊辅音。在英语单词中常见的拼法：th thing, think, thief, thought, method, thick, thin, three, thanks, thunder,
12、 bath, breath, path, health在英语单词中常见的拼法：th they, their, these, the, that, than, though, with, smooth, gather, other, further, brother, clothes, weather,音素比较t s f tick thick sick thick thirst first they taught thought sort thought three free then齿龈摩檫音s zs是清音， z是浊音。发音时舌端靠近齿龈（不要贴住） ，气流由舌端齿龈之间泄出，摩檫成音。s 在
13、英语单词中常见的拼法：s sit, set, soft, soup, loose, lost, whisper, seal, song, save-ss dress, loss, glass, pass, Swiss, grass, fussy, ass, bossc- cease, receiver, conceal, fancy, cent, decent, circle, cycle, bicycle-ce peace, fence, place, surface, science, voice, scenex ks box, fix, fox, exercise, exhibition
14、, expect, export, z在英语单词中常见的拼法：s rise, roses, desire, music, design, pleasant, reason, please, advise, raise, thousand, visitss scissors, possess, dissolvez, zz zeal, zoo, buzz, dizzy,x gz exact, examination, example, exhausted音素比较s z s z s zseal zeal piece peas cease seizeface phase niece knees tra
15、ce trays舌端齿龈后部摩檫音 发音时，双唇向前突出，舌尖和舌端抬向上齿龈较后部位，整个舌身抬起靠近上颚，形成一条狭长的通道，气流通过它引起摩檫。 是清辅音， 是浊辅 d 音。在英语单词中常见的拼法：sh sheep, shirt, shell, short, bush, brush, rubbish, finishch machine, champagnes, ss sure, sugar, assure在英语单词中常见的拼法：-sure leisure, pleasure, treasure, measure-si- confusion, vision, illusion, explo
16、sion, occasion-ge rouge, prestige, judge, garage声门摩檫音 h发音时，气流不受阻碍，自由逸出口腔，只在通过声门时发出轻微的摩檫。口形不定，随后面的元音而变化，声带不变化。h在英语单词中常见的拼法：h heat, house, horses, heart, rehearsal, behind, keyhole, aheadwh whose, who, whom, whole音素比较。 以h开头的单词和以元音开头的词的对比：eat, heat; art, heart; arm, harm; eel, heal; ear, hear;4edge, he
17、dge; is, his; air, hair; eye, high; old, hold;舌尖齿龈后部摩檫音r发音时，舌尖向上齿龈后部卷起，舌前部下陷，略成凹形，舌身两端收拢，双唇略突出，气流由舌面与硬颚间泄出。r在英语单词中常见的拼法：r red, road, reading, rose, rain, right, rate, rock, bread, veryrr carry, hurry, sorry, merry, marry, worrywr write, wrong, wreckage舌端齿龈边辅音l发音时，舌端紧贴上齿龈，气流从舌的一侧或两侧泄出。l有两种发音，即清辅音和浊辅音
18、。当字母 L 在元音前面时，发清晰l,当 L 置于词末尾是发含糊 l 。l在英语单词中常见的拼法：l live, leave, light, oil, milk, wool, build, puzzle, peoplell all, well, fill, fall, chilly, belly, fall, ball音素比较l r l rlead read leap reaplane rain lap wrap舌端齿龈破檫音t dt，d 的发音比为与， 相同。双唇稍为突出，舌尖舌端贴住上齿龈后部，形成阻碍，气流冲破这个阻碍后，舌和齿龈间仍保持一个狭缝，发出摩檫的声音。t是清辅音，d 是浊辅音
19、。t在英语单词中常见的拼法：ch, -tch chin, chain, chair, much, catch, richer, churcht picture, naturet + ion (after s) question, suggestiond在英语单词中常见的拼法：j just, joke, justice, job, injure, joy, justg (before i, e, y) gentle, age, giant, gymnastic, enginedg (e) ridge, edge, judge, badge音素对比 t t d shop chop cash cat
20、ch jeersheep cheap wash watch jest 半元音j w半元音又称过渡音，都是浊音，而且在声门以上气流不会遇到阻碍，具有某些元音的作用，但在发音结构中所起到的作用，又属于辅音的范畴。半元音本身无长度，很快便过渡到后面的元音。发j音时，舌前部向硬颚尽量抬起，双唇向两旁伸展成扁平形，声带振动。一经发出，立刻向后面的元音滑动。j在英语单词中常见的拼法：y yes, yet, you, yard, yeast, yard, young, beyond, yellowi onion, million, familiar, opinion, companion, union发w音
21、时，舌后部向软颚抬起，双唇收的很圆很小，向前突出，声带振动。一经发出，立刻向后面的元音滑动。w在英语单词中常见的拼法：w wax, watch, wolf, work, worth, won, worldwh wheat, when, where, whether, which, why, whatqu quick, quit, quality, quantity, quite, question, language, distinguish5辅音连缀练习bl-black blame blank blind blood blow blue blanket blush blossom blist
22、er br-break nrave brief breath breathe bring broad brow brush bright brother fl-flag flash flat fly flood floor flour flower flow flow float flap flee flush Florida fr-free fresh friends from front fronteer fruit French frank France freedom frozen frighten friendship friedgl-glad glance glass glove
23、glassful glorious glimpse gladly gloomy gr-great grey grass greet greetings green growth ground groups grateful kl-class clean clear close climber clock cloth clothes cloud clinic clever kr-crack cracker cream crime crops crossroad crowded crying crual across pl-place planning plain plant playing pl
24、ayer please pledge plough platform pr-praise price proud prove proof problem promise express expressive surprised press tr-trees train training trainees troop truck treatment trust tremble trouble truth dr-dragging draw drawing dream dress address drinking driver driller drilling 旁流爆破 -tl -dllittle
25、battle bottle cattle gentle kettle settle title metal fatal vital capital candle riddle idle handle middle paddle medal needle boldly friendly hardly loudly 鼻腔爆破 -tn -dnmutton cotton button threaten bitten frightened written Britain certain burden pardoned wooden curtains important gardens shortened 清辅音 -ed 念 -thelped asked wished talked liked laughed coughed stopped wrapped thanked -ted -tid wanted waited posted excited interested delighted deserted lasted seated -ded -didadded minded decided needed ended yielded pretended succeeded surrounded
