1、常见的不及物动词Ache：vi. 疼痛；渴望 n. 疼痛aches and pains 痛苦；不适；各种各样的病痛stomach ache 胃疼ache for 想念，渴望tooth ache 牙痛ache all over 全身疼痛1. V-IIf you ache or a part of your body aches, you feel a steady, fairly strong pain. 疼痛例：The glands in her neck were swollen, her head was throbbing and she ached all over.她脖子里的淋巴腺肿
2、了，头一跳一跳地作痛而且全身疼痛。例：My leg is giving me much less pain but still aches when I sit down.我的腿疼痛减轻了许多，但是当我坐下时还是会疼。2. N-COUNTAn ache is a steady, fairly strong pain in a part of your body. 疼痛例：You feel nausea and aches in your muscles.你觉得恶心而且肌肉疼痛。3. PHRASEYou can use aches and pains to refer in a general
3、way to any minor pains that you feel in your body. (泛指不严重的) 疼痛例：It seems to ease all the aches and pains of a hectic and tiring day.它似乎可以减轻繁忙疲劳的一天带来的所有疼痛。4. See Also: headache,heartache,stomach acheAdvance：n. 发展；前进；增长；预付款 vt. 提出；预付；使前进；将提前 vi. 前进；进展；上涨 adj. 预先的；先行的in advanceadv. 预先，提前in advance of 超
4、过；在前面advance in 进步；改进with the advance of 随着的增加；随着(时间) 的推移 an advance 预付款1. V-ITo advance means to move forward, often in order to attack someone. (常指为攻击而) 前进例：Reports from Chad suggest that rebel forces are advancing on the capital.来自乍得的报导指出叛军正在向首都挺进。例：According to one report, the water is advancing
5、 at a rate of between 8 and 10 inches a day.根据一份报告，大水在以每天8至10英寸的速度逼近。2. V-ITo advance means to make progress, especially in your knowledge of something. (尤指知识) 发展例：Medical technology has advanced considerably.医学技术已大大发展了。3. See Also: advanced4. V-TIf you advance someone a sum of money, you lend it to
6、 them, or pay it to them earlier than arranged. 提前借 (一笔钱给某人); 提前付 (一笔钱给某人)例：I advanced him some money, which he would repay on our way home.我先借了些钱给他，他会在回家的路上还给我。5. V-TTo advance an event, or the time or date of an event, means to bring it forward to an earlier time or date. 使提前例：Too much protein in
7、the diet may advance the aging process.饮食中过多的蛋白质会使衰老的过程提前。6. V-TIf you advance a cause, interest, or claim, you support it and help to make it successful. 造成; 促成例：When not producing art of his own, Oliver was busy advancing the work of others.没有创作自己的艺术品时，奥利弗就在忙于促成他人的作品。7. N-COUNTAn advance is money
8、lent or paid to someone before they would normally receive it. 预付款例：She was paid a $100,000 advance for her next two novels.她得到了其接下来的两本小说的10万美元的预付款。8. N-VARAn advance is a forward movement of people or vehicles, usually as part of a military operation. (常指军事行动中的) 前进例：In an exercise designed to be as
9、 real as possible, they simulated an advance on enemy positions.在一次设计得尽可能逼真的演习中，他们模拟了一次向敌方阵地的前进。9. N-VARAn advance in a particular subject or activity is progress in understanding it or in doing it well. (在某科目、某活动中的) 发展例：Air safety has not improved since the dramatic advances of the 1970s.飞行安全自从20世纪
10、70年代的急剧发展以来还没有得到改善。10. N-SINGIf something is an advanceon what was previously available or done, it is better in some way. 改善usu a N on n例：This could be an advance on the present situation.这可能是对目前情况的一次改善。11. ADJAdvance booking, notice, or warning is done or given before an event happens. 事先的 (预定、通知、
11、警告等)ADJ n例：They dont normally give any advance notice about which building theyre going to inspect.他们对要视察哪座大楼通常不作事先通知。12. PHRASEIf you do something in advance, you do it before a particular date or event. 提前例：The subject of the talk is announced a week in advance.会谈的主题提前一周宣布。Appear：vi. 出现；显得；似乎；出庭ap
12、pear in 出现在appear on 在.上出现appear to be 好像是；仿佛appear under 以 出现1. V-LINKIf you say that something appearsto be the way you describe it, you are reporting what you believe or what you have been told, though you cannot be sure it is true. 似乎no cont例：There appears to be increasing support for the leader
13、ship to take a more aggressive stance.似乎有不断增长的对领导层采取更强立场的支持。2. V-LINKIf someone or something appearsto have a particular quality or characteristic, they give the impression of having that quality or characteristic. 表现得no cont例：She did her best to appear more self-assured than she felt.她竭力表现得比她感觉的更为自
14、信。例：He is anxious to appear a gentleman.他急于表现得像一位绅士。3. V-IWhen someone or something appears, they move into a position where you can see them. 出现例：A woman appeared at the far end of the street.一个女人在街那端出现了。4. V-IWhen something new appears, it begins to exist or reaches a stage of development where it
15、s existence can be noticed. 显现例：.small white flowers which appear in early summer.在初夏出现的小白花。5. V-IWhen something such as a book appears, it is published or becomes available for people to buy. 出版例：I could hardly wait for “Boys Life“ to appear each month.我每个月几乎都等不及男孩生活出版。6. V-IWhen someone appearsin
16、something such as a play, a show, or a television program, they take part in it. (在戏剧、访谈、电视节目等中) 露面例：Jill Bennett became John Osbornes fourth wife, and appeared in several of his plays.吉尔贝纳特成为了约翰奥斯本的第4任妻子，并在他的几部戏剧中出演角色。7. V-IWhen someone appearsbefore a court of law or before an official committee,
17、they go there in order to answer charges or to give information as a witness. (在法庭上、正式委员会中 ) 出席例：The defendants are expected to appear in federal court today.被告们今天预期会在联邦法院出庭。Arise：vi. 出现；上升；起立 过去式 arose 过去分词 arisen 现在分词 arising arise from 由引起，起因于arise out of 起于1. V-IIf a situation or problem arises,
18、 it begins to exist or people start to become aware of it. 出现例：.if a problem arises later in the pregnancy.如果在怀孕后期出现问题。2. V-IIf something arises from a particular situation, or arises out of it, it is created or caused by the situation. (由) 产生例：This serenity arose in part from Rachels religious beli
19、efs.这种平和部分由于雷切尔的宗教信仰。Bleed：vt. 使出血；榨取 vi. 流血；渗出；悲痛 过去式 bled 过去分词 bled 现在分词 bleeding bleed for 为感到悲伤；为 流血bleed off 逸出，排出；放掉1. V-IWhen you bleed, you lose blood from your body as a result of injury or illness. 流血例：His head had struck the sink and was bleeding.他的头撞到了洗脸池上，正在流血。例：He was bleeding profusel
20、y.他正大量流血。bleedingN-UNCOUNT 出血例：This results in internal bleeding.这导致内部出血。2. V-IIf the color of one substance bleedsinto the color of another substance that it is touching, it goes into the other thing so that its color changes in an undesirable way. (颜色) 掺混例：The coloring pigments from the skins are
21、not allowed to bleed into the grape juice.这些果皮的色素不允许掺混进葡萄汁中。3. V-TIf someone is being bled, money or other resources are gradually being taken away from them. 榨取 (钱财)例：We have been gradually bled for twelve years.12年来，我们被逐渐榨尽了钱财。Blush：vi. 脸红；感到惭愧 n. 脸红；红色；羞愧 vt. 红著脸表示；使成红色 第三人称单数blushes 过去式 blushed
22、过去分词 blushed 现在分词 blushing first blush 乍一看；乍看at first blush 乍一看；一瞥V-IWhen you blush, your face becomes redder than usual because you are ashamed or embarrassed. (因害羞、窘困等) 脸红例：“Hello, Maria,“ he said, and she blushed again.他说道：“玛丽亚，你好！ ”然后她的脸又红了。N-COUNTBlush is also a noun. 脸红例：“The most important th
23、ing is to be honest,“ she says, without the trace of a blush.“最重要的是要诚实。 ”她说道，丝毫不脸红。Cease：vi. 停止；终了 vt. 停止；结束 n. 停止 过去式 ceased 过去分词 ceased 现在分词 ceasing cease to be 不再是；停任without cease 不停地，不断地cease fromvt. 停止1. V-IIf something ceases, it stops happening or existing. 停止FORMAL例：At one oclock the rain ha
24、d ceased.一点钟时雨已经停了。2. V-TIf you ceaseto do something, you stop doing it. 停止; 不再 (做某事)FORMAL例：He never ceases to amaze me.他总让我惊喜不断。例：The secrecy about the presidents condition had ceased to matter.有关总统健康状况的秘密已经不再举足轻重了。3. V-TIf you cease something, you stop it happening or working. 停止FORMAL例：The Tundr
25、a Times, a weekly newspaper in Alaska, ceased publication this week.阿拉斯加的周报苔原时报于本周停刊。Collapse：vi. 倒塌；瓦解；暴跌 vt. 使倒塌，使崩溃；使萎陷 n. 倒塌；失败；衰竭 过去式collapsed 过去分词 collapsed 现在分词 collapsing collapse mechanism 破坏机构collapse strength 抗挤强度；破裂强度collapse load 损毁荷载，极限载荷；破坏负荷；临界纵向荷载1. V-IIf a building or other structu
26、re collapses, it falls down very suddenly. 坍塌例：A section of the Bay Bridge had collapsed.海湾大桥有一部分坍塌了。N-UNCOUNTCollapse is also a noun. 坍塌例：The governor called for an inquiry into the freeways collapse.州长要求对高速公路的坍塌进行调查。2. V-IIf something, for example a system or institution, collapses, it fails or co
27、mes to an end completely and suddenly. (系统或制度等 ) 崩溃; 瓦解例：His business empire collapsed under a massive burden of debt.他的商业帝国由于债台高筑而瓦解。N-UNCOUNTCollapse is also a noun. (系统或制度等的) 崩溃; 瓦解例：The coups collapse has speeded up the drive to independence.那次政变的失败加速推动了独立进程。3. V-IIf you collapse, you suddenly f
28、aint or fall down because you are very ill or weak. 晕倒; 倒下例：He collapsed following a vigorous exercise session at his home.他在家中进行了一段时间的剧烈运动后倒下了。N-UNCOUNTCollapse is also a noun. 晕倒; 倒下例：A few days after his collapse he was sitting up in bed.他病倒后过了几天就在床上起身坐着了。4. V-IIf you collapse onto something, you
29、 sit or lie down suddenly because you are very tired. (因极度疲倦而) 瘫坐; 瘫倒例：She arrived home exhausted and barely capable of showering before collapsing on her bed.她到家的时候累极了，几乎无法去淋浴就瘫倒在床上。Cough：n. 咳嗽，咳嗽声；咳嗽病 vt. 咳出 vi. 咳嗽chronic cough 慢性咳嗽，久咳（嗽）cough up 咳出；勉强说出；俚被迫付出cough syrup 止咳糖浆；咳嗽糖浆whooping cough 百日
30、咳dry cough 干咳1. V-IWhen you cough, you force air out of your throat with a sudden, harsh noise. You often cough when you are ill, or when you are nervous or want to attract someones attention. 咳嗽例：Graham began to cough violently.格雷厄姆开始剧烈地咳嗽。N-COUNTCough is also a noun. 咳嗽例：Coughs and sneezes spread
31、infections much faster in a warm atmosphere.咳嗽和喷嚏在温暖的空气里传播疾病快得多。coughingN-UNCOUNT 咳嗽例：He was then overcome by a terrible fit of coughing.之后他一阵剧烈咳嗽，咳到无法控制。2. V-TIf you cough blood or mucus, it comes up out of your throat or mouth when you cough. 咳出 (血、痰等)例：I started coughing blood so they transferred
32、 me to a hospital.我开始咳血，所以他们把我送到了一家医院。PHRASAL VERBCough up means the same as cough. 咳嗽例：On the chilly seas, Keats became feverish, continually coughing up blood.在寒冷的海边，济慈开始发烧，不断地咳血。3. N-COUNTA cough is an illness in which you cough often and your chest or throat hurts. 咳嗽例：I had a persistent cough f
33、or over a month.我持续咳嗽已经一个多月了。相关词组： cough upCry：vt. 叫喊；哭出；大声说 n. 叫喊；叫声；口号；呼叫 vi. 哭；叫；喊 复数 cries 过去式 cried 过去分词 cried 现在分词 crying cry for 迫切需要；恳求；吵着要a far cry from 与有很大差别；完全不同；很长的距离或时间cry outv. 大声呼喊；大声抱怨cry on 恳求；祈求far cry 长距离；不同的事物，差别悬殊1. V-IWhen you cry, tears come from your eyes, usually because yo
34、u are unhappy or hurt. 哭例：I hung up the phone and started to cry.我挂掉电话，开始哭了起来。例：He cried with anger and frustration.他愤怒而失望地哭了。N-SINGCry is also a noun. 哭例：A nurse patted me on the shoulder and said, “You have a good cry, dear.“一个护士拍着我的肩膀，说道：“亲爱的，你就痛痛快快地哭吧。 ”cryingN-UNCOUNT 啼哭例：She had been unable to
35、 sleep for three days because of her 13-week-old sons crying.由于她13周大的儿子的啼哭，她3天没睡着觉了。2. V-TIf you cry something, you shout it or say it loudly. 大声叫喊例：“Nancy Drew,“ she cried, “youre under arrest!“南茜 德鲁， ”她喊道：“你被捕了！”PHRASAL VERBCry out means the same as cry. 大叫例：“Youre wrong, quite wrong!“ Henry cried
36、 out, suddenly excited.“你错了，大错特错！” 亨利突然激动起来，大声叫道。3. N-COUNTA cry is a loud, high sound that you make when you feel a strong emotion such as fear, pain, or pleasure. 尖叫例：A cry of horror broke from me.我发出的一声惊恐的尖叫。4. N-COUNTA cry is a shouted word or phrase, usually one that is intended to attract some
37、ones attention. 喊叫声例：Thousands of Ukrainians burst into cries of “bravo.“数千名乌克兰人放声高呼“好！”5. N-COUNTYou can refer to a public protest about something or an appeal for something as a cry of some kind. (抗议某事、为某事请愿的) 公众呼声JOURNALISM例：There have been cries of outrage about this expenditure.公众对这项开支发出了愤怒的呼声。
38、6. N-COUNTA birds or an animals cry is the loud, high sound that it makes. (鸟的) 啼叫声; ( 动物的) 嚎叫声例：.the cry of a seagull.一只海鸥的鸣叫声。7. See Also: crying8. to cry your eyes outSee: eye9. a shoulder to cry onSee: shoulder相关词组： cry out,cry out forDecay：vi. 衰退，核 衰减；腐烂，腐朽 n. 衰退，核 衰减；腐烂，腐朽 vt. 使腐烂，使腐败；使衰退，使衰落t
39、ooth decay 蛀牙；龋齿；齵齿decay rate 衰减率；衰变率；衰变速度radioactive decay物放射性衰变exponential decay 指数式衰减decay time物衰减时间1. V-IWhen something such as a dead body, a dead plant, or a tooth decays, it is gradually destroyed by a natural process. 腐坏例：The bodies buried in the fine ash slowly decayed.埋在细灰里的尸体慢慢腐烂了。N-UNCOU
40、NTDecay is also a noun. 腐坏例：When not removed, plaque causes tooth decay and gum disease.牙斑没有清除就会导致蛀牙和牙龈疾病。decayedADJ 腐坏的例：Even young children have teeth so decayed they need to be pulled.连幼儿也有这么严重的龋齿，需要拔掉。2. V-IIf something such as a society, system, or institution decays, it gradually becomes weake
41、r or its condition gets worse. (社会、制度或机构) 衰败例：In practice, the agency system has decayed. Most “agents“ now sell only to themselves or their immediate family.实际上，这种代理制已经衰退。现在，大多数“代理人” 都只把产品卖给自己或亲近的家人。N-UNCOUNTDecay is also a noun. 衰败例：There are problems of urban decay and gang violence.存在都市衰败和黑帮暴力问题
42、。Depart：vi. 离开；出发，起程；违反；去世 adj. 逝世的depart from 离开；开出；从出发depart for 开往；去往；动身去1. V-T/V-IWhen something or someone departsfrom a place, they leave it and start a trip to another place. You can also say that someone departs a place 离开; 起程例：Flight 43 will depart from Denver at 11:45 a.m. and arrive in Ho
43、nolulu at 4:12 p.m.43号航班将于上午11:45从丹佛起飞，并于下午4:12到达檀香山。例：In the morning Mr. McDonald departed for Sydney.麦克唐纳先生早上起程去了悉尼。2. V-IIf you departfrom a traditional, accepted, or agreed way of doing something, you do it in a different or unexpected way. 偏离; 违背例：Why is it in this country that we have departed
44、 from good educational sense?为什么我们这个国家偏离了良好的教育观念？Deteriorate：vi. 恶化，变坏 vt. 恶化 过去式 deteriorated 过去分词 deteriorated 现在分词deteriorating V-IIf something deteriorates, it becomes worse in some way. 恶化例：There are fears that the situation might deteriorate into full-scale war.人们担心局势会恶化为全面战争。deteriorationN-UN
45、COUNT 恶化例：.concern about the rapid deterioration in relations between the two countries.对两国关系迅速恶化的担忧。Die：vi. 死亡；凋零；熄灭 vt. 死，死于n. 冲模，钢模；骰子 过去式 died 过去分词 died 现在分词 dying die for 渴望，切望；为了 而死die casting 压铸，拉模铸造die of 因死，死于progressive die机级进模；顺序冲模die from 死于；因而死1. V-T/V-IWhen people, animals, and plants
46、die, they stop living. 死亡 no passive例：A year later my dog died.1年后，我的狗死了。例：Sadly, both he and my mother died of cancer.令人悲伤的是，他和我母亲都死于癌症。例：I would die a very happy person if I could stay in music my whole life.如果我这一生都能生活在音乐之中，就是死，我也会死得快乐。Do not confuse dead with died. Died is the past tense and past
47、 participle of the verb die, and thus indicates the action of dying. She died in 1934. Two men have died since the rioting broke out. You do not use died as an adjective. You use dead instead. More than 2,200 dead birds have been found.2. V-IIf a machine or device dies, it stops completely, especial
48、ly after a period of working more and more slowly or inefficiently. 停止运转 WRITTEN例：Then suddenly, the engine coughed, spluttered, and died.突然，发动机发出喀喀声、噼啪声，然后就熄火了。3. V-IYou can say that you are dying of thirst, hunger, boredom, or curiosity to emphasize that you are very thirsty, hungry, bored, or cur
49、ious. (饥渴、厌倦、好奇得) 要命INFORMAL only cont例：Order me a soda, Im dying of thirst.给我要杯汽水，我快渴死了。4. V-T/V-IYou can say that you are dying for something or are dyingto do something to emphasize that you very much want to have it or do it. 渴望INFORMALonly cont例：Im dying for a breath of fresh air.我真想呼吸点新鲜空气。5. V-T/V-IYou can use die in expressions such as “I almost died“ or “Id die if anything happened“ where you are emphasizing your feelings about a situation, for example, to say that
