1、2004.9.20 下午自作于四川师范大学本部新村 9 栋-510作者：潘永春（当然源于上外版精读教材）四川师范大学 69#3 班 610066 此文本仅供网友学习！UNIT 1TEXTWant to know how to improve your grades without having to spend more time studying? Sounds too good to be true? Well, read on.How to Improve Your Study HabitsTerhaps you are an average student with average i
2、ntelligence. You do well enough in school, but you probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily the case, however. You can receive better grades if you want to. Yes, even students of average intelligence can be top students without additional work. Heres how:1. Plan your t
3、ime carefully. Make a list of your weekly tasks. Then make a schedule or chart of your time. Fill in committed time such as eating, sleeping, meetings, classes, etc. Then decide on good, regular times for studying. Be sure to set aside enough time to complete your normal reading and work assignments
4、. Of course, studying shouldnt occupy all of the free time on the schedule. Its important to set aside time for relaxation, hobbies, and entertainment as well. This weekly schedule may not solve all of your problems, but it will make you more aware of how you spend your time. Furthermore, it will en
5、able you to plan your activities so that you have adequate time for both work and play.2. Find a good place to study. Choose one place for your study area. It may be a desk or a chair at home or in the school library, but it should be comfortable, and it should not have distractions. When you begin
6、to work, you should be able to concentrate on the subject.3. Skim before you read. This means looking over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully. As you preview the material, you get some idea of the content and how it is organized. Later when you begin to read you will recogn
7、ize less important material and you may skip some of these portions. Skimming helps double your reading speed and improves your comprehension as well.4. Make good use of your time in class. Listening to what the teacher says in class means less work later. Sit where you can see and hear well. Take n
8、otes to help you remember what the teacher says.5. Study regularly. Go over your notes as soon as you can after class. Review important points mentioned in class as well as points you remain confused about. Read about these points in your textbook. If you know what the teacher will discuss the next
9、day, skim and read that material too. This will help you understand the next class. If you review your notes and textbook regularly, the material will become more meaningful and you will remember it longer. Regular review leads to improved performance on test.6. Develop a good attitude about tests.
10、The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. The world wont end if you dont pass a test, so dont worry excessively about a single test. Tests provide grades, but they also let you know what you need to spend more time studying, and they help make your knowledge permanent.T
11、here are other techniques that might help you with your studying. Only a few have been mentioned here. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these. Talk with your classmates about their study techniques. Share with them some of the techniques you have found to be helpful. Impro
12、ving your study habits will improve your grades.NEW WORDS average n. ordinary 普通的；中等的intelligence n. ability to learn and understand 智力necessarily ad. inevitably 必定case n. what has really happened; actual condition 实情 additional a. added 附加的，额外的n. additionweekly a. done or happening every week 每周的；一
13、周一次的 schedule n. timetable 时间表chart n. (sheet of paper with) information written or drawn in the form of a picture 图（表）commit vt. 指定.用于aside ad. to the side 在旁边；到（向）一边 etc (Latin, shortened form for et cetera) and other things 等等 normal a. usual 正常的 reading n. the act or practice of reading 阅读 assig
14、nment n. sth. given out as a task (布置的 )作业occupy n. take up 占用relaxation n. (sth. done for) rest and amusement 休息，娱乐relaxv. hobby n. what one likes to do in ones free time 业余爱好 entertainment n. show, party, etc. that people enjoy 娱乐entertainvt.solve vt. find an answer to (a problem) 解决（问题）aware a. h
15、aving knowledge or understanding 知道的；意识到的furthermoread. moreover; in addition 而且；此外enable vt. make (sb.) able (to do sth.) 使（某人）能（做某事）activity n. sth. (to be) done 活动adequate a. as much as one needs; enough 充分的；足够的distractionn. sth. that draws away the mind or attention 分心（或分散注意力）的事物concentrate (on
16、or upon)vi. pay close attention (to) 全神贯注（于）skim vt. read quickly to get the main ideas (of) 略读preview vt. have a general view of (sth.) beforehand 预习content n. what is written in a book, etc. 内容organizevt. form into a whole 组织laterad. 后来；以后skipvt. pass over 略过portion n. part; share 一部分；一份double v.
17、make or become twice as great or as many （使）增加一倍comprehensionn. the act of understanding or ability to understand 理解（力）mention vt. speak or write about (sth.) in a few words 提及confuseda. mixed up in ones mind 迷惑的，混淆的confusevt.textbook n. a standard book for the study of a subject 教科书；课本performance n
18、. achievement 成绩meaningful a. having important meaning or value 富有意义的attitude n. what one thinks about sth. 态度，看法purposen. aim 目的，意图excessively ad. too much 过多地，过分地excessivea.permanent a. lasting for a long time; never changing 持久的；永久的technique n. way of doing sth. 技巧，方法helpful a. useful; providing
19、help or wiling to help 有益的；给予帮助的，肯帮忙的PHRASES too; in addition 也，还；同样be aware (of) know (sth.); know (what is happening) 知道，意识到concentrate on direct ones attention, efforts, etc. to 全神贯注于look over examine (quickly) 把.看一遍，过目go over review 复习lead to result in 导致UNIT 2TEXTAt sixty-five Francis Chicheste
20、r set out to sail single-handed round the world. This is the story of that adventure.Sailing Round the WorldBefore he sailed round the world single-handed, Francis Chichester had already surprised his friends several times. He had tried to fly round the world but failed. That was in 1931.The years p
21、assed. He gave up flying and began sailing. He enjoyed it greatly. Chichester was already 58 years old when he won the first solo transatlantic sailing race. His old dream of going round the world came back, but this time he would sail. His friends and doctors did not think he could do it, as he had
22、 lung cancer. But Chichester was determined to carry out his plan. In August, 1963, at the age of nearly sixty-five, an age when many men retire, he began the greatest voyage of his life. Soon, he was away in this new 16-metre boat, Gipsy Moth.Chichester followed the route of the great nineteenth ce
23、ntury clipper ships. But the clippers had had plenty of crew. Chicheater did it all by himself, even after the main steering device had been damaged by gales. Chichester covered 14, 100 miles before stopping in Sydney, Australia. This was more than twice the distance anyone had previously sailed alo
24、ne. He arrived in Australia on 12 December, just 107 days out from England. He received a warm welcome from the Australians and from his family who had flown there to meet him. On shore, Chichester could not walk without help. Everybody said the same thing: he had done enough; he must not go any fur
25、ther. But he did not listen.After resting in Sydney for a few weeks, Chichester set off once more in spite of his friends attempts to dissuade him. The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part, during which he sailed round the treacherous Cape Horn.On 29 January he left Australia
26、. The mext night, the blackest he had ever known, the sea became so rough that the boat almost turned over. Food, clothes, and broken glass were all mixed together. Fortunately, bed and went to sleep. When he woke up, the sea had become calm the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there
27、 was a ship nearby, Wild be on an island 885 miles away.After succeeding in sailing round Cape Horn, Chichester sent the followiing radio message to London:“ I feel as if I had wakened from a nightmare. Wild horses could not drag me down to Cape Horn and that sinister Southern Ocean again.“Juat befo
28、re 9 oclock on Sunday evening 28 May, 1967, he aeeived back in England, where a quarter of a million people were waiting to welcome him. Queeh Elizabeth II knigthed him with the very sword that Queen Elizabeth I had sailed round the world for the first time. The whole voyage from England and back ha
29、d covered 28, 500 miles. It had taken him nine months , of which the sailing time was 226 days. He had done what he wanted to accomplish.Like many other adventurers, Chichester had experienced fear and conquered it. In doing so, he had undoubtedly learnt something about himself. Moreover, in the mod
30、ern age when human beings depend so much on machines, he had given men throughout the world new pride.NEW WORDSsingle-handed a time when sth. happens 时刻，时机；场合mayor n. chief official of a city or town 市长medal n. 奖章aged a. old content a. satisfied; pleased 满意的；高兴的primary a. first; earliest 首要的；最初的arra
31、nge vi. make preparations; plan 作安排，筹划minor a. not serious or important 较小的；次要的operate vi. cut the body in order to set right or remove a diseased part 开刀，动手术operating table n. a special table in a hospital, where operations are done 手术台funeral n. 葬礼efficient a. able to plan and work well 效率高的decade
32、 n. ten yearsendure vt. bear (pain, suffering, etc.) 忍受，忍耐spot n. a round area that is different from the main surface 点，斑点brighten vt. make bright or brighter 使发光；使发亮cheek n. either side of the face below the eye 面颊extra a. additional 额加的，外加的clean n. cleaningbunch n. things of the same kind that ar
33、e tied together （一）束， （一）串marigold n. 万寿菊（花）packet n. small parcel box 小包（裹）mint n. 薄荷糖slipper n. 拖鞋cardigan n. （羊毛）开衫clatter n. a number of rapid short knocking sounds 咔嗒声granny n. (colloq. for)grandmotherenvelope n. a paper cover for a letter 信封unsealed a. 未密封的seal vt. sealed a. 密封的writing n. hand
34、writing 书法；笔迹pang n. sudden, sharp pain 剧痛disappointment n. sadness because one does not get what one hopes for 失望disappoint vt.parcel n. 包裹reluctantly ad. unwillingly 不情愿地，勉强地reluctant a.fold vt. bend into two or more parts 折叠cheque n. 支票flutter vt. move quickly to and fro in the air 飘动stoop vi. be
35、nd the body forwards and downwards 弯腰tremble vi. shake uncontrollably with quick short movements 颤抖PHRASES it must be remembered 毕竟；终究be sure of 对.有把握，确信pick up take hold of and lift up from a surface 拿起，捡起PROPER NAMESMyra 迈拉（女子名）Enid 伊妮德（女子名）Morrison 莫里森（姓氏）Grant 格兰特（姓氏及男子名）Johnnie 约翰尼（John 的昵称）Jim
36、 吉姆（James 的昵称）Harold previous a.attempt n. try 试图，尝试dissuadevt. prevent (sb.) from doing sth. by reasoning 劝阻treacherousUNIT 4TEXTMany people in the United States spend most of their free time watching television. Certainly, there are many worthwhile programs on television, including news, education
37、al programs for children, programs on current social problems, plays, movies, concerts, and so on. Nevertheless, perhaps people should not be spending so much of their time in front of the TV. Mr Mayer imagines what we might do if we were forced to find other activities.Turning off TV: a Quiet HourI
38、 would like to propose that for sixty to ninety minutes each evening, right after the early evening news, all television broadcasting in the United States be prohibited by law.Let us take a serious, reasonable look at what the results be if such a proposal were accepted. Families might use the time
39、for a real family hour. Without the distraction of TV, they might sit around together after dinner and actually talk to one another. It is well known that many of our problems - everything, in fact, from the generation gap to the high divorce rate to some forms of mental illness - are caused at leas
40、t in part by failure to communicate. We do not tell each other what is disturbing us. The result is emotional difficulty of one kind or another. By using the quiet family hour to discuss our problems, we might get to know each other better, and to like each other better.On evenings when such talk is
41、 unnecessary, families could rediscover more active pastimes. Freed from TV, forced to find their own activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset. Or they might take a walk together (remember feet?) and see the neighborhood with fresh, new eyes.With free time and no TV, children
42、and adults might rediscover reading. There is more entertainment in a good book than in a month of typical TV programming. Educators report that the generation growing up with television can barely write an English sentence, even at the college level. Writing is often learned from reading. A more li
43、terate new generation could be a product of the quiet hour.A different form of reading might also be done, as it was in the past: reading aloud. Few pastimes bring a family closer together than gathering around and listening to mother or father read a good story. The quiet hour could become the stor
44、y hour. When the quiet hour ends, the TV networks might even be forced to come up with better shows in order to get us back from our newly discovered activities.At first glance, the idea of an hour without TV seems radical. What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? How will we spend t
45、he time? But it is not radical at all. It has been only twenty-five years since television came to control American free time. Those of us thirty-five and older can remember childhoods without television, spent partly with radio - which at least involved the listeners imagination - but also with rea
46、ding, learning, talking, playing games, inventing new activities. It wasnt that difficult. Honest. The truth is we had a ball.NEW WORDSworthwhile a. good enough for the time or effort needed; valuable 值得花时间（或精力）的；有价值的program (me) n. performance on radio or television 节目educational a. of or for educa
47、tion; providing education or information 教育的；有教育意义的current a. of the present time 当前的social a. of or in society 社会的movie n. film that one sees at a cinema 电影nevertheless conj. but; however 然而，不过propose vt. suggest 建议broadcasting n. the action of sending out sound (or images) by radio (or television)
48、 广播prohibit v a wide difference of opinion, character, or the like 缺口，间隙；分歧，隔阂divorce n. end of a marriage by law 离婚rate n. 率mental a. of the mind 精神的；思想上的communicate vi. share or exchange opinions, ideas, etc. 交流意见，思想等disturb vt. make (sb.) worried 使烦恼emotional a. 感情的pastime n. anything done to pass time pleasantly 消遣，娱乐sunset n. the going down of the sun; the time when the sun goes down 日落（时分）neighborhood n. the area around a point or place 邻近地区；地段adult n. 成年人typical a. 典型的educator
