1、四级真题阅读长难句分析1. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为 Scott Hahn says。high-quality sustainablefind 为 says 的宾语。which 引导的非限制性定语从句 which uses all-organic cott
2、on 修饰的是 Rogan and Loomstate。cofounder with Gregory 为 Scott Hahn 的同位语。【译文】Scott Hahn 与 Gregory 同为使用全有机棉的 Rogan 和 Loomstate 公司的创始人，他声称，高质量的可持续使用面料仍然很难寻觅到。2. Most designers with existing labels are finding there arent comparable fabrics that can just replace what youre doing and what your customers are
3、 used to,” he says. (2009 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句，主干为 Most designersare finding。there arentused to 为省略了 that 的宾语从句。that 引导的定语从句 that can just replace修饰 fabrics。what 引导的两个宾语从句 what youre doing 和 what your customers are used to 作 replace 的宾语。【译文】他说， “大多数现有品牌设计师发现，并没有匹配的面料能代替你正用着的和顾客们已经适应的面料。 ”3. Last year th
4、e influential trade show Designers 第二个 that 引导定语从句，修饰 materials。【译文】房屋建造者们现在可以使用不破坏空气、水或土壤的材料，如释放少量有机物的涂料。60. Were giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a beneficial effect on the world. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句。主句为 Were giving people high-quality,
5、 healthful products and an opportunity to make choices。that 引导定语从句，修饰 choices，that 在从句中作主语。to make choices 作 opportunity 的定语。【译文】我们提供高质量和健康的产品，提供做选择的机会，他们可以选择对世界有益的产品。61. When we designed Americas first so-called “green” office building in New York two decades ago, we felt very alone. (2006 年 6月)【分析
6、】本句为复合句。主句为 we felt very alone。when 引导时间状语从句。【译文】二十年前，在纽约设计美国第一个所谓的“绿色”办公大楼时，我们感到势单力薄。62. The “energy-efficient” sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis revealed indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为
7、简单句。句子主干为 buildings revealed problems。过去分词短语 constructed after the 1970s energy crisis 作后置定语，修饰 buildings；caused by materials 作后置定语，修饰 problems。注意，过去分词作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。【译文】20 世纪 70 年代能源危机后建造的节能型封闭性商业建筑暴露出由油漆、墙纸和地毯等材料引起的室内空气质量问题。63. So for 20 years, weve been focusing on these materials down to the mo
8、lecules, looking for ways to make them safe for people and the planet. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 weve been focusing on these materials。looking for ways to make them safe for people and the planet 是现在分词短语作目的状语。【译文】因此，二十年来，我们集中研究这些材料，直至分子层面，以寻求方法使它们于人体和地球无害。64. “As sleep-deprived people ourselves,
9、we started thinking of what to do about it,” says Eric Shashoua, a recent college graduate and now chief executive officer of Axon Sleep Research Laboratories, a company created by the students to develop their idea. (2006 年6 月)【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为“As sleep-deprived people ourselves, we started thinking
10、 of what to do about it,” says Eric Shashoua。介词 as 意为“作为，当作” ，后接名词作状语。what to do about it 作 of 的宾语。a recent college graduate andResearch Laboratories 是 Eric Shashoua 的同位语； a company created by the students to develop their idea 是 Axon Sleep Research Laboratories 的同位语。过去分词短语 created by the students t
11、o develop their idea 作后置定语，修饰 company。【译文】 “我们自己作为失眠的人，开始思考做些什么来消除失眠， ” Eric Shashoua 说。Eric 为应届大学毕业生，现任由学生们为发展自己的理念而创办的一家公司即 Axon 睡眠研究实验室的首席执行官。65. The headband equipped with electrodes and microprocessor measures the electrical activity of the wearers brain, in much the same way as some machines u
12、sed for medical and research purposes and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】 本句为并列句。句子主干为 The headband measures the electrical activity and communicates with a clock unit。过去分词短语 equipped with electrodes and microprocessor 作定语，修饰 headband。in much the same waypurp
13、oses 是方式状语。used forpurposes 是后置定语，修饰 machines。【译文】 装有电极和微处理器的头带与应用于医学和研究目的的一些机器原理相近，测量佩戴者脑部电流活动并将信息通过无线网络传达给床边的闹钟。66. Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic(长久的) personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for
14、 talent. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为 Interest has soared。过去分词 enhanced 作定语，修饰 Interest，表示被动。that 引导定语从句，修饰 shortages。【译文】近几年来，由于长时间的人员紧缺，许多公司都跨出国界寻求人才，从而使得人们到海外寻求工作的热情和兴趣日益高涨。67. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use and
15、 the nature of the underlying soil. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句是简单句。句子主干为 Variables included。并列结构 the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use 和 the nature of the underlying soil 是 included 的宾语。【译文】变数包括土地的坡度、人行道所能支撑的承受力、道路使用密集度以及下方土地的性质。68. Long-span, segm
16、ented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHenry in Maryland and Mt. Baker in Washington, met many of the nations physical challenges. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 Bridges and tunnels met challenges。long
17、-span, segmented-concrete 和 cable-stayed 是三个并列的合成形容词作 bridges 的定语。such as 和 like 表示举例说明。【译文】跨度大、混凝土分割、电缆遍布的大桥，如路易斯安那州的黑尔伯格，佛罗里达州的阳光大道；还有著名的隧道，如马里兰州的福特马克亨利，华盛顿州的贝克山，这些建筑的建设都遇到了许多国内自然条件的挑战。69. Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the
18、 growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为并列句。句子主干为 Not only has the highway system affected the economy, it has led to the growth。not onlybut also 句型属并列结构，意为“不仅而且” ，but also 可以省略。 not only 在句首，句子谓语要用部分倒装语序。【译文】公路系统不但通过提供运输路线影
19、响美国经济的发展，还带动了一批诸如加油站、汽车旅馆、酒店、购物中心等相关行业的发展。70. An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】 本句为简单句。句子主干为 mother has abilities and faces choices。on the other hand 是插入结构，分隔了主语和谓语，意为“另一方面” 。【译文】从另一方
20、面来讲，一位受过教育的母亲，有更多在外赚钱的本事，并且能面对一系列完全不同的选择。71. His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 results have surprised psychologists。to be presentedin April 是不定式短语作定语，修饰 results。【译文】他的研
21、究结果令一些心理学家非常吃惊，他将在四月份奥地利维也纳举行的人机互动交流大会上为大家展现。72. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives，provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为 economics provides guideposts。介词短语 with its emphasis on incentives 是 econo
22、mics 的伴随状语，分隔了主句的主语和谓语。that 引导定语从句，修饰 guideposts。why 引导宾语从句，作 explanation for 的宾语。【译文】因为本身强调激励作用，经济学对于大多数女孩被剥夺受教育权利的原因作出了解释。73. Many in-home jobs that used to be done primarily by women ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing voluntary work still need to be done by someone. (2006 年
23、12 月)【分析】 本句为复合句。句子主干为 jobs need to be done。 that 引导定语从句，修饰 jobs。 ranging fromtovoluntary work 是现在分词短语作定语，也修饰 jobs。【译文】许多过去主要由妇女做的家务活，例如购物、准备晚饭、做义务家务，现在仍然需要有人完成。74. In fact, New Yorks municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among th
24、e best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. (2006 年 12 月)【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 water was called the champagne and considered the best。 for more than a century 是时间状语。【译文】实际上一个多世纪以来，纽约的市政水一直被称为自来水中的香槟，而且直到现在也被认为是世界上味道最好、最纯净的水。75. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at hom
25、e to do housework while their brothers are sent to school the prophecy(预言) becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle(恶性循环) of neglect. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句。主句是破折号后的内容，前面则是 prophecy 的同位语从句。该从句包含一个 while 引导的比较状语从句，其中又嵌套一个 than 引导的比较状语从句，省略了从句谓语。 trapping 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。【译文】所以，与男孩相比，女
26、孩被认为没有用处而只能待在家里做家务，而她们的兄弟却被送去读书这样的预言正如预期的那样成为了现实，使女性陷入被忽视的恶性循环。76. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为并列复合句。主句为 It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be
27、caused bywinds。which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 failure。过去分词短语 driven by these winds 是 the ocean currents 的后置定语。【译文】这种现象首先出现在太平洋，并且被认为是由于信风引起的，信风会对洋流产生影响。77. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and Congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called strict
28、, centrally controlled design criteria. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为并列复合句。主句为 A government study recommended, and Congress soon passed theAct of 1944。 which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944。【译文】一份政府研究报告建议在全国范围建设总长 33920 英里的公路，国会很快就通过了 1944 年联邦支持公路的法案，这项法案规定了严格的中央控制的设计标准。78. Traffic control syste
29、ms and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 system and methods influenced construction and were invaluab
30、le。第二个 and 连接两个并列谓语。developed under the interstate program 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 systems 和 methods。【译文】在州际公路项目下发展的交通控制系统以及建筑方式很快影响到了世界范围公路的建设，并为改善城市街道和交通模式起到了重要作用。79. By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the
31、 country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 highways have enabledto reach people, spurred the growth, and provided people with options。By opening the Nor
32、th American continent 是方式状语。【译文】通过开通北美洲路线，公路使得消费品和服务能够到达住在边远地区和农村地区的人们那里，刺激周边地区经济发展，为人们提供更多选择，如工作、文化活动、保健及其他福利。80. The technological advances made it possible for the middle classes to enjoy what had once been affordable only to the very rich. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为 technological advances made
33、 it possible to enjoy。it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是 to enjoy what had once been affordable only to the very rich。what 引导的从句作 enjoy 的宾语。possible 是 made 的宾语补足语。【译文】技术上的进步使中产阶级也能享受到那些原来只有有钱人才负担得起的东西。81. The clock, called Sleep Smart, measures your sleep cycle, and waits for you to be in your lightest phase of sleep
34、before rousing you. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 The clock measures cycle and waits，两个谓语并列平行。called Sleep Smart 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 clock, 表示被动。现在分词短语 before rousing you 作时间状语，相当于一个从句：before it rouses you。【译文】这种称做“睡精灵”的闹钟可以测量睡眠周期，等待人们进入浅眠状态后才将其唤醒。82. The point in that sleep cycle at which you wake can aff
35、ect how you feel later, and may even have a greater impact than how much or little you have slept. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为并列复合句。句子主干为 The point can affect and may have impact。and 连接两个并列的谓语。which 引导定语从句，修饰 point, at the point 是固定搭配，所以 which 前面加介词 at。than 后面是 how 引导的宾语从句。【译文】在睡眠中的哪个阶段醒来将会影响到你之后的感觉，甚至可能比睡眠
36、时间长短对你产生的影响更大。83. While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben&Jerrys. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为并列复合句。句子主干为 the government has granted her permission and she has returned to job。while 引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候” 。【译文】在她等待结果的同时，美国政府同意她继续在
37、本杰瑞公司工作，现在她已经重返工作岗位。84. Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer wont allow them to start unless they receives a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition(点火) key. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句。主句为 Modern cars are far tougher to steal。as 引导原因状语从句，比 because 语气弱。 unless 引导条件状
38、语从句。beamed out by the ignition key 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 code。【译文】现代化的汽车就难对付多了，因为它们的引擎控制系统只有在接收到某个特定的认证编码后才允许汽车发动，而这个认证编码只有在转动车钥匙点火发动汽车时才能产生。85. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they a
39、re in emails. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为 The study has found。动词不定式短语 to comparecommunications media 作定语，修饰 study。that 引导宾语从句。 as 引导比较状语从句。twice 在这里意为“两倍” ，修饰 likely to tell lies。【译文】首个关于比较通讯媒介相关的诚实度的研究表明，人们可能在电话中说谎的几率是在电子邮件中的两倍。86. As the trade winds lessen in strength, the ocean temperatures rise
40、, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 . (2006 年 6 月 )【分析】本句为复合句。主句为 the ocean temperatures rise。as 引导时间状语从句。现在分词短语 causing作伴随状语。as much as 是比较结构，意为“和一样” 。【译文】随着信风强度的减弱，海洋温度升高，导致了秘鲁寒流从东部流入，温度上升了 5 摄氏度。87. The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1
41、956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 The system was launched and has been hailed。介词 as 在这里意为“作为，当作” 。【译文】州际公路体系最终在 1956 年开建，并被称道为那个世纪最伟大的工程之一。88. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a
42、 car, using a bare minimum of tools. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句。句子主干为 He says。says 后接宾语从句。it 作形式主语，该结构 It + takes + (sb.) some time + to do sth.表示“（某人）花费时间做” 。using a bare minimum of tools 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。【译文】他声称自己可以花几分钟就能教会一个新手用最少的几样工具偷到一辆车。89. But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is
43、 being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. (2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为并列复合句。句子主干为 Hancock says。 says 后是省略 that 的宾语从句。从句中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是两个并列的 whether 引导的主语从句。【译文】但是 Hancock 说问题的关键还在于交流的内容有没有被记录，有没有被重读的可能性，是否即时发生。90. If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the
44、recipient(收件人) uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions.(2006 年 6 月)【分析】本句为复合句。主句为 find out。第一个 If 引导条件状语从句，表示“如果” ；第二个 if 引导宾语从句，表示“是否” ，相当于 whether；because 后说明原因。【译文】如果你提交的是英文简历，需要了解收件人使用的是英式英语还是美式英语，因为这两种说法存在差别。91. I wondered what I would do i
45、f confronted with a real midair medical emergency without access to a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment. (2005 年 12 月)【分析】本句为复合句。主句为 I wondered。 what 引导宾语从句，作 wondered 的宾语。if 引导条件状语从句，从句中省略 I were。【译文】我一直在琢磨，如果在半空中发生紧急事件，没有医务人员，没有急救装备，我该如何面对。92. Thanks to more recent legislation, flig
46、hts with at least one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks. (2005 年 12 月)【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为 flights are starting to install kits。介词短语 Thanks to more recent legislation 作状语，thanks to 意为“多亏；由于” 。【译文】多亏了前不久的立法 ，至少配有一名乘务员的飞机上开始配备急救箱以应对突发心脏病。93. The logo, along wi
47、th the companys long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips, would help facilitate the companys global expansion. (2005 年 12 月)【分析】 本句为简单句。句子主干为 The logo would help facilitate expansion。along with the companysits chips 是插入语。 【译文】这个标识，再加上公司建立起来的“无以匹敌”的薯片经久不衰的市场形象，将会有助于加快公司的全球扩张。94
48、. The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism. (2005 年 12 月)【分析】 本句是并列复合句。句子的主干为 The executives acknowledgebut they deny。but 是连词, 两个并列分句都包含一个宾语从句。后一个分句中省略了关联词 that, 而句中的 that 指代前句讲到的那一种行为，即把
49、各国的饮食习惯都转到一种美国创造的食物。【译文】公司高层管理者承认，他们试图把各国的饮食习惯都转到一种美国创造出来的食物上；但是他们否认把这一行动等同于经济上的帝国主义。95. While theres no question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which youre able to rise to the occasion can be good for you. (2005 年 12 月)【分析】本句是复合句。句子主干为 several studies suggest。While 引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然” ，比 although 或 though 语气轻。第一个 that 引导同位语从句；第二个 that 引导宾语从句，作 suggest 的宾语。 in which 引导定语从句，修饰 situations。【译文】毫无疑问持续的压力是有害的, 但几项研究证明能够应付的具有挑战性的环境对人体是有益的。96. As a physician who travels quite
