1、第 12 讲 特殊句型Was it on a lonely island _ he was saved one month after the boat went down？(2011四川卷 15)A. where B. that C. which D. what【解析】选 B。该句为含强调句型的一般问句。强调了地点状语 on a lonely island，不能选 where。它不是定语从句。该句可以还原为一个陈述句：He was saved one month after the boat went down on a lonely island. 考点 1.强调句型的基本结构Is _ t
2、hree hours _ the boy _ family is poor to come to school on foot?A. it; that; whoseB. it; that it takes; whoseC. it for; that it takes; whoseD. it; when; that强调句型 特殊句型主要涉及强调句型、倒装句及省略句。 【解析】选 B。这是一个强调句，强调作宾语的时间名词 three hours, the boy后接一个定语从句， whose 作定语修饰 family。句意：那位家境贫寒的男孩花了三个小时徒步来到学校吗？ 强调句型的基本结构是： I
3、t + be +被强调部分+ that(who)。强调句的一般疑问句形式为： Is(Was)+被强调部分+that/who？强调句的特殊疑问句形式为： Who/When/Where/Why + is (was) it that？ 强调句若以特殊疑问句形式出现，很容易误解。比较： Why is it that he cant come? 他为什么不能来？What is it that he wants to buy? 他想要买什么？以上两句可视为由以下陈述句转换而来： It is because he is ill that he cant come.It is a computer that
4、he wants to buy.温馨提示：当强调人时，可用 who 代替其中的 that, 当强调时间和地点时，不能用 when 和 where 代替 that。考点 2. not until 用于强调句It was not until _ that I knew the truth. (2011四川成都外国语学校高三第三次月考卷)A. you told me B. did you tell me C. had you told me D. you have told me【解析】选 A。该句强调了 not until you told me。在强调 not until 句型时要将not 与
5、until 放在一起，并且语序不变。其基本形式为 It is (was) not until that 。It was not until yesterday that we knew about it. 直到昨天我们才知道这件事。考点 1.部分倒装My father and my mother have been married for 30 years, and never once _ with each other.(福建省三明二中 2011 高三二模卷)A. have they quarreled B. they have quarreled C. did they quarrel
6、D. had they quarreled【解析】选 A。表否定意义的副词放于句首时后引起部分倒装。即：否定意义副词助动词主语动词。倒装句 部分否定即将主语与助动词倒置，其结构与疑问句大致相同。构成部分倒装的主要情形有： 1. 含否定意义的词(如： never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, not a single ， no longer, nowhere, by no means, at no time, neither, nor 等)置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。2. so 表示前面所说的
7、情况也适合于另一个人或物时，意为“ 也一样” ， 用“so+助动词+主语”这样的倒装句式。若讲述的情况属于同一个人或物时，意为“的确如此” ， 主谓不倒装。要注意如果一个并列句中含有两个性质不同的谓语，另一个省略的倒装结构要用“So it is/was with sb./sth.”或 “It is/was the same with sb./sth.”来表示。3. only 加状语( 即： only+副词/介词短语/ 状语从句等) 放在句首时，其后用部分倒装。4. 当虚拟条件句含有 were, should, had 时，可省略 if, 将 were, should, had 置句首。5. s
8、o / such that 结构中，将 so / such 置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。考点 2.完全倒装Out _， still discussing the fashion show with great interest. (江苏南京金陵中学高三第 4 次模拟卷)A. walked a crowd of young girls B. did a crowd of young girls walkC. were walking a crowd of young girls D. a crowd of young girls were walking【解析】选 A。方位副词 out 放于句
9、首，后用全部倒装。即谓语动词全部在主语之前。 完全倒装即将谓语移到主语前。构成完全倒装的情形主要有： 1. 以 now, then, here, there, out, in, up, down, off, away 等副词开头的句子，且句子主语是名词时，句子常用完全倒装。若主语为代词，则不用倒装。2. 将表语和地点状语( 多为介词短语)置于句首加以强调时，其后通常用倒装语序。考点 3.另类倒装 That boy enjoys drawing very much. _， I have never seen anyone else who is as enthusiastic about dra
10、wing as he is.A. As long as I have traveledB. Traveled so much as I have C. As I have traveled so muchD. Much as I have traveled【解析】选 D。as 引导的让步状语从句中，可将副词提前至句首。1. as 引导的让步状语从句中，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到 as 前面。若提前的表语是名词，一般不用冠词。2. 当 such 用作表语时，通常采用倒装语序。3. 有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装。省略句 例 1：It sounds like s
11、omething is wrong with the cars engine. _， wed better take it to the garage immediately. (2011江苏卷 33)A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so【解析】选 D。if so if it is so。it 代指 It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. 这件事。例 2： Will he fail in the exam? _.A. Dont hope toB. Lets hope
12、 notC. Not hope soD. Lets hope not to【解析】选 B。考查用 so, not 省略前面提到的事，表肯定与否定。so 可代替单词、词组、句子，作 believe, do, expect, guess, hope, fear, imagine, suppose, think 等词的宾语；not 代替否定的句子，用法与 so 相似。根据句意“(让)我们希望他考试不要失败”和语法规则，为了不重复别人的话，表示否定意义时， hope 只用 (I) hope not 的形式。1. 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句的主语跟主句的主语一致时，从句的主语可以省略，同时将从句的谓语动词变成分词形式。2. 在时间、地点、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句的主语跟主句的主语一致或从句的主语是 it, 谓语是 be 动词时，从句的主语、谓语可省略。如when/if necessary。3. 当句子的谓语部分省略时，若只用代词代替句子，则用代词的宾格形式。4. 当省略不定式的内容时，则须保留小品词 to。
