1、第一部分：英语高考阅读七选五的命题思路及答题策略一.命题依据2007年国家教育部考试中心推出的新题型补全短文，又称七选五。即从一篇短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项。此题型拓宽了阅读理解能力考察的深度和广度，不仅考察了考生句子层面的阅读理解能力，还考察了语篇层次上的阅读理解能力，即考生的语感和语境领悟能力，把握作者思路的能力，以及对整个语篇或语段的衔接手段与连贯性的洞察力。“考试说明”要求：“理解文章的基本结构。英语文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章开头，简要概括文章的主题。主题句可能在一段的开头，也可能在中间或末尾，作用是交代该段的中心思想，再由全
2、段展开或讨论这个主题。各个段落通常由某些起连接作用的词语连接，以使文章行文连贯。如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与段与段之间的逻辑关系。这是七选五命题的依据 该题型恰恰符合英语新课程标准提出的“提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力”的更高层次的要求。二. 选题特点通过对2007、2008、2009, 2010, 2011，2012宁夏、海南，吉林等卷的研究发现，这种题型以说明文和议论文居多，这两种文体的结构都比较清晰，过程完整，适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等，以达到考查学生综合阅读能力的要求；因为记叙文描述的情节联系紧
3、密，所设选项要紧扣文章的情节，少有暗示，难度稍大，题空不好设置所以相对较少。短文的特点如下:1. 短文词数300左右，正文词数240左右，选项词数60左右；2. 短文篇章结构常为：提出问题解决问题3. 七个选项意义上都与短文相关；4. 选项均为完整句子，句型不一；5. 顺序通常按长度排列三. 20072012年试题内容及词数1. 07年 ：假期学生如何组织俱乐部 2. 08年 ：如何做笔记3. 09年 ：如何使孩子在家里好好学习 4. 10年 ：述职会上如何回答上司和同事的提问 5. 11年 ：家长如何教育孩子认识金钱6. 12年 ：如何用四步解决生活中的压力7. 短文总词数： 07年 271
4、词 ；08年 251词 ； 09年 278词 ； 10年 262词 ；11年 319词 ； 12年 282词8. 题型：标题概括、段落主题句、过渡句和细节句。四. 2013年题型预测：【选文原则】话题贴近生活，与时俱进；结构严谨，层次分明，逻辑性强。【体裁选择】仍以指导类说明文为主。【文章长度】280左右。五做题技巧和策略。1辨别语境线索语境线索主要指反应上下文关系的衔接手段，如篇章结构、词语重现、逻辑、连接、指称、同构等。词语重现是指词语的重复出现，但这里不是指词语的简单重现，而是指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现。比如：read, reading, reader,
5、readers。还可能是以同义词、近义词甚至反义词等形式出现。 （关键词语重现）逻辑是事物之间内在的、必然的联系，包括时间先后关系、空间位置关系、因果关系、归纳总结关系、总分总关系等。连接是指用连接词或连接语表明上下文之间的逻辑关系，如and, however 等。 （并列关系、转折关系。 ）指称是指用代词替代前文已出现的人物、事件、物品等，如he, she, they，it。同构是指上下文使用了同一或类似的句式结构。2. 分析短文篇章结构分析篇章结构、把握全篇文脉是解题的关键。语篇通常由段落构成，所以分析篇章结构包括两个层次：一是分析段落之间的层次，也就是语篇层次；二是分析每个段落内部的层次
6、，即句际层次。尤其是选项与前（后）句之间的逻辑关系和信息联系，是确定答案的主要依据。 六. 解题思路及要领通读整篇文章，把握整段语脉，理出文章的中心。根据标点符号确定有几个句子。除中心词、关键词外，将所有句子按意义分出层次，如果是承接、平列、层进关系，则可分为两个或两个以上的层次，如果是解释、转折一般就可以一分为二。再分析各层次之间的关系。最后检查核对层次划分有无错误。如一篇文章或语段有几个句子单位，几个层次，特别是长难句构成的语段层次是否明确。七正确选项特征：1、放进去通顺，这一点是基础。凡不通顺的必错无疑；2、选项与其上句或下句之间有必然的逻辑关系；3、选项全部内容都属于正确答案所在段；4
7、、选项中有单词、词组、句子成分或与所选答案所在段内容相匹配或重合；例如：上面第2项所指的逻辑关系主要是指代词关系、冠词关系以及连接词关系等。例如，代词关系方面，如果所选答案中有he, him, his等词，这就意味着空前面必然出现了a boy, a man等词或人名。如果这些词在空后面出现，就意味着正确答案中必有a boy, a man等词或人名。冠词方面，如果正确答案中出现了定冠词the，则空前将有不定冠词a(n)或与之相应的名词等出现。如果定冠词第一次出现在空后，则意味着空里所需的答案中会有不定冠词a(n)或相应的名词等出现。连接词方面，如果but ,however等出现在答案中，则意味着
8、该答案与空前部分含义是相反的，但同时又与空后的内容在含义上是一顺的或一致的；如果答案中有for another，前面不远处会有for one thing，如果答案中有other(s)，前面不远处会有some，如果答案中有second ，前面不远处会有 first等等。需要注意的是for one thing.for another., some.other(s)., first.second.等这些组合既可能出现在同一段落中，也可能分别出现在相邻两段的句首。八 关于大小标题无论什么样的阅读题，只要有大小标题，难度就大为降低了。七选五中需要注意的：A. 大小标题的特点，大标题是对全文的概括总结，小
9、标题是对其下面段落的概括总结；B. 大标题每个实词的首字母都大写（单凭这一点就很难出错） ，几个小标题之间长短基本一致，用词的特点相同，且小标题一般都以动词开头，没有主语；C. 好多时候，只要答案与小标题中的词汇重合了，也就正确了。九.七选五的做题顺序 七选五应先看备选答案，把其中隐含的代词、冠词、连接词所揭示的内在逻辑关系搞清楚。然后再看文章，在读文章的过程中不但要确定正确答案，还要同时排除错误答案。本题即将做完时，如果有两个答案搞不准，不妨试着把两个答案换一下位置，一旦发现换了之后更通顺，更符合逻辑，那就意味着5分（4乘以1.25)到手了。做完题后，看一眼剩下的两个落选答案，如果清晰地知道
10、它们为什么落选，本题型就得满分了，如果突然感觉到“不好，错了” ，当场改正，也花不了多少时间。十 七选五口诀逻辑关系前后句，词汇重合上下文；内容全归所在段，语意通顺且连贯。口诀中第一句说明要通过逻辑关系寻找正确答案，只需把备选答案、空前、空后这三句看清就可以了，不用考虑得太多；第二句的上下文是指所在段的上下文，一旦串段了,就会错出十万八千里；第三句涉及段落的一致性，英语文章一旦把段与段之间的关系搞混了，就像汉语文章跑题一样，无药可救。十一 现以英语周报新题型专练试题为例说明“七选五补全阅读题”的解题方法。Have you ever lost your temper? Did you yell
11、or scream at those around you, even people you like or love? Did you want to break something or hit someone?Everyone gets angry. We have lots of emotions. At different times, we may be happy, sad or jealous. 1 .Its perfectly okay to be angry at time（偶尔）- in fact, its important to get angry sometimes
12、. Anger can even be a good thing. When we are treated unfairly, anger can help us stand up for ourselves._2_ some people keep their anger buried deep inside. If you do this, you might get a headache or your stomach might start to hurt. You may just feel crummy (糟糕的) about yourself or start to cry. I
13、ts not good to hide your anger, so you should find a way to let it out without hurting yourself or others.When you start to feel angry, you can count to 10, draw a picture of anger, play a video game, run as fast as you can or do something active. An effective way is to talk to a friend you can trus
14、t. 3 .4 Instead, admit to yourself that you are angry and try to figure out why you are angry and what you can do to keep the situation from happening again.Never getting angry is impossible. But, you should always remember that how you act when youre angry can make the situation better or worse. 5
15、Take charge of it!A. Once you talk about anger, those bad feelings usually start to go away.B. Taking it out on others never solves anything.C. Anger is just another way we feel.D. Here is an important way to deal with anger.E. But anger must be released in the right way.F. Every coin has two sides.
16、G. Dont let anger be the boss of you.一、阅读短文，把握中心二、明白体裁，理清思路三、上下求索，瞻前顾后四、确定答案，入文复查通过阅读该短文，知该短文话题是人们对“生气-这种情绪的掌控” 。本文为议论文，第一段由问句引出话题，谈到有时人们会出现情绪失控的状况。第二段，谈到人们有时会开心、悲伤或嫉妒、生气。第三段谈生气有时是重要的。第四段谈到把生气这种状态埋藏在心底是不好的，要学会宣泄但不要伤害别人。第五段介绍正确的宣泄方式。第六段谈不良情绪的正确控制。第七段总结， “要用理智处理不良的情绪” 。1.C 解析：前面谈到“Everyone gets angry
17、”,后面谈到“To be angry at times-is important to get angry sometimes.”2.E. 解析：整个第三自然段的核心意思是“Its not good to hide your anger, so you should find a way to let it out without hurting yourself or others”.(把愤怒埋藏在心底是不可取的，所以要找到一种在不伤害别人的情况下宣泄自己不良情绪的方法)3.A. 解析： “An effective way is to talk to a friend you can tru
18、st.” 然后承接下一句“Once you talk about anger, those bad feelings usually start to go away.”4.B. 解析： “Taking it out on others never solves anything.”然后是转折关系“Instead, admit to yourself that you are angry and try to figure out why you are angry and what you can do”.5. G. 解析：“Dont let anger be the boss of you
19、”然后是顺接关系“Take charge of it!”第二部分：高考真题回放（2007-2012）1.（2007宁夏高考） 71 One of the best things you can possible do is to start your own club. Its great fun especially if youre the sort of person who feels theres never anything to do during the school holidays.The first thing you need to come up with is an
20、 idea for your club. 72 Pets, clothes, pop music or dancing groups, sports, making things? The list is endless.Next you need some friends to be in your club with you. 73 . All you need is three or four other people who are interested in the same things as you.74 You should all sit down somewhere tog
21、ether with lots of pieces of paper and write down every name you can think up. Thatll keep you busy for ages.At your first meeting you should make up a rule book. And the very first rule should be no grown ups or little/ big brothers/ sisters! The best clubs are always secret!Now you have just about
22、 everything you need, except membership cards. These are very important and again you can spend a lot of time making them. 75 Why not leave some space for a photo of yourself? That will make the membership card really look like it.So there you are, get clubbing! Once you get started youll think of l
23、oads of more interesting things to do!AThats easy.BEnjoy your own club!CInvite a designer to join you!DWhat are you interested in?ESummer vacation is just around the corner.FThen you need to pick a name for your club.GUse bright thick pens to make a special design.2.（2008 宁夏） Taking good notes is a
24、time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways. 71 Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest. You will want to take notes during cl
25、assroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report. 72 Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process. 73 The following methods may work best for you. Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it. Carefully read t
26、he text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts. Write your notes in your own words. _74_Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written. As you take notes ,you may want to use your own shorthand (速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your s
27、ymbols and that you use them all the time. _75_A. Use words not complete sentences. B. There are three practical note-taking methods. C. You must write your notes on separate paper. D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later. E. You will also want to develop your own method for takin
28、g notes. F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes. G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it. 3.（2009 年宁夏，海南卷） Getting your children to study can be a little like getting them to eat their veg
29、etables. 71 Make a study time and have it at the same time every day. This will help your kids to learn to schedule their day and will give them a sense of control over how they spend their time. Allow them to study in blocks of time, such as for half an hour with a five-minute break in the middle.
30、72 Ideal （理想的）study times are after dinner or right after school before dinner. Never allow your children to study in front of the television, as that will encourage passive activity. 73Youll also need to help your kids find the right place to study. After youve set up a good study time for little l
31、earners, set up a good place where they can get those creative juices flowing. 74 Make sure there is a table or a desk and a comfortable chair. 75 This includes helping them out with their homework sometimes and being there for them with the answers to any questions. The input you give your children
32、 during study periods will help form a bond and help make studying enjoyable. A. Pick a place where your children can study properly. B. Hold them to the schedule they create for themselves. C. Finally, spend time with your kids when theyre studying. D. Keep the atmosphere light and offer lots of en
33、couragement, too. E. Instead, use TV as a treat or a reward when the homework is completed. F. Try to stop this bad habit by offering some sort of reward. G. One of the best ways to form good study habits for your kids is to design a schedule that they keep to.4. (2010 年宁夏、海南卷) Q&A Question: I have
34、recently got a senior position within my company. One of my new tasks is to make monthly progress reports on my department in front of other senior officials. During my first meeting, I presented and then opened the floor to questions. 71 My first reaction was to answer defensively. Later, I realize
35、d that I shouldnt have felt that way. But how can I keep cool and effectively answer questions in this type of settings?Answer: Congratulations on your new position! Presenting in front of your peers (同事) is a hard task in itself, and it becomes much more difficult when a question-and-answer period
36、is required. Question-and-answer periods are a great way to clarify the message and strengthen key points. 72 . 73 When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification (澄清). Buy time.When facing a hard question, most peop
37、le cant give an answer immediately. Buy time by repeating the question in your own words. 74 These techniques allow you to quickly organize your thoughts as well as to make sure you will be correctly answering the question. Suggest a private meeting.A one-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than spea
38、king in front of your peers. 75 A. Show your true interest. B. Restate the question with respect.C. Some ideas can be quite concrete.D. There were many difficult questions.E. It can also be more effective in exchanging ideas.F. You may also ask for clarification on the question.G. Here are some idea
39、s that can help you prepare for your next meeting.5. (2011 年全国新课标卷) Money Matters Parents should help their children understand money. 71 So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.1. The basic function of moneyBegin explaining
40、 the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier(收银员). 72 When your child grows a bit o
41、lder and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money.2. Money lessonsApproach money lessons with openness and honesty. 73 If you must say no to a childs request to spend money, explain, “ You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request i
42、s for many different things, say, “ You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”3. 74 Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a product- a name-brand butter and a generic (无商标产品)，for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a pr
43、oduct so that you can save money. 75 If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.A. Wise decisionsB. The value of moneyC. Permit the child to choose between them.D
44、. Tell your child why he can or cannot - have certain things.E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to youF. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.6.（2011 年北京
45、） Public Speaking and Critical Thinking What is critical thinking? To a certain degree, its a matter of logic（逻辑）of being able to spot weaknesses in other peoples arguments and to avoid them in your own. It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the sound
46、ness of evidence.In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinkingthe ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas. 71 The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new id
47、eas. That, too, is critical thanking.72 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal at time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical（机械的） exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and co
48、nfused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have 73 What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. 74 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately. 75 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas o
