1、第一组： spend/ take /costspend的主语 通常是“ 人” ，即 “某人在花多少时间或金钱。”例句：1）The boy spends a lot of money.(in) playing computer games.（那个男孩花了很多钱玩电子游戏。）2)She spent lots of money on books last year.（去年她花费很多钱在书本上。）take前常以it作形式主语，作“做某事需要花多少时间。”It takes (人) 时间 to do sth.1)How long does it take you to finish the work?（你
2、需要多少时间才能完成那工作？）2)It took me an hour to repair my bike.（我花了一个小时修理自行车。）3)It takes a lot of courage to tell the truth.（说真话需要很大的勇气。）cost的主语通常是事物，即指 某物 值多少 钱 需要多少 时间某人花了多少钱使（某人）（ 丧失）（事/物）cost（人）时间/金钱1)The watch cost me two hundred yuan.（这块手表花了我200块钱。）2)Writing a novel cost plenty of time.（写本小说要花很多时间。）3)T
3、he girls bad behavior cost her parents many sleepless nights.（那个女孩的不良行为使得她的父母许多夜晚睡不着。）注意：cost的过去式，过去分词都是cost。第二组：speak/say/tell/talkspeak说某种语言，说某人好、坏话是及物动词；发表讲话，对某人说话，是不及物动词。1)The students speak English very fluently.（这些学生英语说得非常流利。）2)The Prime Minister spoke on the international situation.（首相就国际形势发表
4、了演说。）3)She always speaks ill of others.（她总是说别人的坏话。）speak的习惯用语：Generally speaking 一般而言Frankly speaking 坦白地说Strictly speaking 严格地说not to speak of 且不说；更不用说1)Generally speaking, man is stronger than woman.（一般而言，男人比女人强壮。）2)We can speak English, not to speak of Chinese.（我们会读英语，汉语更不用说了。）say说出某句 话或某件事；后接从句，
5、（但say与从句之间不能直接接人称代词或名词）；说明时间；书信、布告报纸上的“说”，习惯用法1)She said ,“I love you.”（她说：“我爱你。” ）2)Say goodbye to them.（跟他们说再见。）3)She says she is busy.（她说她很忙。）4)My watch says 10:00 sharp.（我的表是十点整。）5)The paper says that there was a big fire in Shanghai.（报上说上海发生了一场大火）。6)It is said that she has been away for a month
6、.（据说她已走了一个月了）7)It goes without saying that education is important.（不用说，教育是重要的。）8)Tom is a good student, that is to say, he gets good grades in school.（Tom是个好学生，也就是说，他在学校的成绩很好。） tell说谎；讲故事；说实话1)Dont tell a lie.（不要说谎。）2)She likes to tell stories.（她喜欢讲故事。）3)We should always tell the truth.（我们应该永远说实话。）
7、tell辨别；叫某人做某事；接“ 间接”与“直接”宾语；tell 宾语that从句1)Sometimes we cant tell right from wrong.（有时我们无法辨别是非。）（他告诉我他要去那儿。）talk连续 地说话 ；习惯用法1)What are the girls talking about ?（那些女孩们讲什么？）2)Young people like to talk politics.（年青人喜欢谈论政治。）3)I talked over the matter with her.（我与她谈论了那个问题。）第三组：take /bring/carry/fetchtake
8、作“带去 ”“拿去” 解；从近处把东西送到远处例句：1)Shell take her children to the park.（她要带孩子去公园。）2)Its raining, youd better take an umbrella with you.（下雨了；你最好把雨伞带上。）bring“拿来；带来”；从远处把东西拿到近外1)Bring the dictionary to me.（把字典拿给我。）2)Please bring your report with you when you come tomorrow.（明天你来的时候，请把你的报告带来。）carry作“携带，带去；搬运”解1
9、)She always carries a red handbag.（她总是带一个红色手包。）2)Please carry this TV set upstairs.（请把这台电视搬到楼上去。）fetch作“去取来，拿来；叫某人来”解1)The football is over there. Fetch it please.（足球在那边呢，请把它拿回来。）2)Fetch the police at once. Weve found the robber.（马上去叫警察来，我们已经发现那个抢劫的人。）第四组：wear/put on/ dresswear穿着，戴；留，表示“状态” 是及物动词需加宾
10、语例句：1)She always wears a pair of glasses.（她总是戴着一副眼镜。）2)He wears a black jacket today.（今天他穿着一件黑色的夹克。）put on穿上，戴上，表示“ 动 作”例句：1)The teacher put on his hat and went out of the office.（老师戴上帽子然后走出办公室。）2)Put on the gloves .Its cold outside.（戴上手套外面很凉。）dress作“穿着的衣服”解；给某人穿衣服不用写衣服例句：1)She is dressed in red.（她穿
11、着红衣服。）2)The mother dresses the child every day.（那位母亲每天给孩子穿衣服。）此句不能加衣服。3)She dresses herself in red.（此句等于第一个例句。）第五组：do /makedo“做”主要是用来表示“ 行动”“行为” ，如do omelets是“把蛋卷煎好” 。在do后面常加一些抽象名词，如do wrong（犯 错）。 “wrong”是抽象名词常与do搭配的短语有：do ones do (the) some do sb. a favor帮人忙do with利用；忍受；需要do away with废除do without用不
12、着；不需要have do sb. do nothing but do除了做以外什么也没做do business做生意例句：1)Ill do the dishes today.（今天我来洗盘子。）2)Ive done my homework.（我已经做完了作业。）3)Crying does harm to you.（哭对你没有益处。）4)Will you do me a favor?（能否帮我一个忙？）5)We cannot do without a telephone in our business.（我们做生意没有电话是不行的。）6)The new teacher didnt know wh
13、at to do with the class.（新老师不知道如何对待他班上的学生。）7)I did nothing but watch TV last night.（昨晚我除了看电视以外什么也没有做。）8)Who does your hair?（平常是谁给你做头发的？）make“作”，表示“制造”，其后的宾语是make的产品。如 make clothes 制做衣服；make后常跟一些可数名词常与make 动词搭配的短语有：make a make an make make例句：1) They have make great progress in learning English.（在学习英语
14、方面他们已经取得了很大的进步。）2)Who is going to make a speech today?（今天谁来演说？）3)Dont make a noise.嘘！（不要出声。）4)She makes her living as a teacher.（她作教师来维持生计。）第一组： lie/lay/lie1)lie不及物 动词，躺；位于lielaylainlying例句： Shanghai lies to the south of Beijing.(上海位于北京的南方。)She has lain in bed for three days.(她已经在床上躺了三天了。 )2)lay及物 动
15、词，放置；下蛋laylaidlaidlaying例句： These hens lay eggs every day.(这些鸡每天下蛋。)He laid his hand on my shoulder.(他把手放在我的肩上。)lie不及物 动词 ，说谎lieliedliedlying例句： Dont lie to me.(别骗我。)She lies about her career.(她编造她的经历。)第二组：hear/listen tohear听；是一种 “自然无意的动作。”hear of 听说过hear from得到消息例句：The deaf cannot hear.(聋子听不见。)list
16、en是一种 “有意的动作。”如后面有宾语则需加to ；如没有 宾语，listen后不可加to。例句： Listen, somebody is crying.(听，有人在哭。)I listened but heard nothing.(我注意听了，但没听见什么。 )Listen to me.(听我说。)第三组：sit/set/seatsit不及物动；坐；就座；sitsatsatsitting例句： He sat at the table writing a letter.(他坐在书桌旁写信。)Sit here until she comes back.(坐在这里等她回来。)set安置；下沉；点燃
17、；出考题；定时；树立( 榜样)setsetsetsetting例句： Tom, set the table for dinner.(Tom，摆好桌子准备吃饭。)He set the alarm for 6:00 in the morning.(他把闹钟定在早晨6点钟。)My teacher set very difficult questions for the exam.(我们老师试题出得非常难。 )The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(太阳从东方升起从西方落下。 )seat使坐；容纳seatseatedseatedseating例句
18、： )The theater can seat at least 2000 people.(这家戏院至少能容纳2000人。 )Please be seated.(请坐下。) 此句等于Sit down please.He seated himself next to her.(他坐在她的旁边。)第四组：rise/raise/arise/arouse/rouse1)rise(太阳、月亮)升起，起来；(物价) 上涨；(水) 高涨riseroserisenrising例句： Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east.(每人都知道太阳是从东方升起。 )P
19、rices have risen quickly.(物价快速上涨了。)She rose to her feet.(她站了起来。)2)raise举起；养育；募款raiseraisedraisedraising例句： Raise your hand please.(请你把手举起来。)The farmer raises a lot of sheep on his farm.(这位农民在农场养了许多绵 羊。)They are raising founds for the expedition.(他们正在筹募探险的基金。 )arise(问题、困 难) 发生、产 生、出现；起(风、雾)arisearose
20、arisenarising例句： A strong wind arose this morning.(今天早上刮起强风。)A different problem has arisen.(不同的问题发生了。)A mist arose from the lake.(湖上起雾了。)arouse通常表示比喻或情绪方面的“激发”arousearousedarousedarousing例句： The book aroused my interest in learning English.(这本书引起我对学习英语感 兴趣。)The speaker aroused the anger of the audi
21、ence.(演讲者激起了听众的怒气。)rouse通常表示比较具体的“ 叫醒”或“唤醒”rouserousedrousedrousing例句： The sound roused him from reflection.(声音使他从深思中惊醒。)The lies he heard about his friend roused his anger.(听到有人对他朋友造谣，使他怒火中 烧。)第五组：lend/借出 borrow1)lend人物lend 物 to人例如： Please lend me your dictionary.Please lend your dictionary to me.(
22、请把你的字典借给我。)I will lend you $200, but I cant lend money to him.(我借给你200美元，但我不能借 钱给他。)borrow借入borrow物from人She has borrowed a lot of books from the school library.(她已从学校的图书馆借了很多 书。)He often borrows money from me.(他经常从我这儿借钱。)第六组：fall/feel/fell/fail/fallfellfallen落下；跌倒fall asleep睡着/fall behind落后例句： An ap
23、ple fell to the ground.(一个苹果落在地上。)Be careful on the ice or you will fall.(在冰上要小心，否则你会跌倒。 )feelfeltfeltfeel likedoing sth.想要；feel sleepy.想睡例句： Can you feel your heart beat violently?(你能感觉到你的心在猛烈地跳 动吗？)Both my legs didnt feel.(我的双腿没有感觉。)I suddenly felt a pain in my back.(我突然感到背部疼痛。)Do you feel like ta
24、king a walk?(你想不想去散步？)fellfelledfelled砍伐例句：A lot of trees were felled last night.(昨晚很多树被人伐倒了。)failfailedfailed失败例句：He has failed in English exam again.(他英语考试又没及格。)第七组：win/beatwinwonwonwin a prize得到 奖品win a war打了胜仗win a game赢得比 赛win an election选举获胜例句： Our team won the same 3 to 2 last night.(昨晚我们队以3比
25、2赢了比赛 。)Who do you think will win the beauty contest?(你认为那场选美谁会获胜？ )beatbeatbeatenbeat是打败了对手例句： He beat me in the race.(他在赛跑中赢了我。)We have beaten their team for 3 years.(我们已连续3年打败他们的球 队。)My heart beat fast at the sight of her.(一看见她，我的心跳就加快。 )第一组:cure/recover/restore/heal1)curecuredcured 治疗（疾病）物cure人o
26、f病人be cured of病例句： This medicine will cure your headache.（这种药会治好你的头痛病。）The doctor cured her of a cold.（医生医好了她的感冒。）She was cured of her disease.（她的痛被治好了。）2)recoverrecoveredrecovered恢复（健康）；痊愈；复元与from连用例句： After a few days rest, she has recovered her health.（休息几天后，她已恢复健康。）They havent recovered from the
27、 shock yet.（他们还未从那次打击中恢复过来。）3)restorerestoredrestored使恢复健康；修复；重建例句： The doctor restored the girl to health.（医生恢复了那个女孩的健康。）The girl was restored to health.The workers have already restored the ruined temple.（工人们已修复了这座毁坏的寺庙。）4)healhealedhealed主要指伤口的治愈；消除；平息。例句： His wound is not yet healed.（他的伤口尚未痊愈。）T
28、ime heals all broken hearts.（时间可以消除一切忧伤。）第二组：reach/arrive/get to1)reachreachedreached及物动词到达，不加to等分词 。例句：They will reach Shanghai tonight.（今晚他们将抵达上海。）2)arrivearrivedarrived不及物动词到达，加介词in（大地方） at小地方。例句： Ill phone you when I arrive in New York.（我到纽约后会给你电话。）What time will they arrive at the airport?（他们什么
29、时候会到达机场？）3)getgotgotten(got)不及物动词需加上to加上地点表示到达，但接地点副 词时不加to 。例句： What time does the train get to Beijing?（火车什么时间到达北京？）When I set to Japan, Ill write to you.（我到了日本就给你写信。）They got home safely.（他们平安到家。）注：此 处home是副词不能加to 。注： “到达”reacharrive at (in) get to到达上海到达家/这里/那里第三组：hang/hang1)hanghangedhanged及物动词吊
30、死；处（人）绞刑；上吊。例句： He hanged himself last week.（上星期他上吊自杀了。）The man was hanged for murder.（那个男子因谋杀罪被处绞刑。）hanghunghung及物动词把挂上；把吊起。例句： She hung curtains over the windows.（她把窗帘挂上窗上。）A picture is hung on the wall.（墙上挂着一幅画。）第四组：affect/effect1)affectaffectedaffected及物动词对影响，感动（人的）心，使感动例句： The noise from the st
31、reet affected our study.（马路上的噪音影响我们学习。）Her story affected us deeply.（她的故事深深地打动我们的心。）2)effecteffectedeffected及物动词使产生；实现（目的），造成（结果）effect很少作动词用，通常只跟change连用。例句 It will effect, no change of importance.（不会引起重大的变化。）第五组：thank/appreciate1)thankthankedthanked感谢，后接人例句： You dont have to thank me.（你不必向我道谢。）She
32、 thanked me for my help.（她感谢我帮忙。）appreciateappreciatedappreciated感激；欣赏，后接事或物例句： I greatly appreciate your help.（我很感激你的帮助。）She doesnt appreciate good English poetry.（她不会欣赏好的英语诗歌。）第六组：choose/select/elect/pick out1)choosechosechosen挑选；选拔；选择，指凭自己的判断力在人或物中进行挑选，而不强调精选。例句： Id like to choose a new tie for m
33、e.（我想给自己挑一条新领带。）I want to choose her a nice present.（我想要挑选一份精美的礼物送给她。）The football players chose him as their team leader.（足球队员们选他当队长。）2)select精选；挑 选；选定，强调 慎重考虑后的选择。例句： The farmer taught us how to select seeds.（这位农民教我们如何选种。）She was selected from among many applicants.（她是从许多报名者中选拔出来的。）Have you read s
34、elected works of Lu Xun?（你读过鲁迅选集吗？）3)elect选举；推选例句： We elected her monitor.（我们推选她为班长。）We elected him mayor.（我们选他为市长。）pick out 认出；挑出；挑 选 ；多用口语例句： I picked out an old friend in a crowd.（我从人群中认出了一位老朋友。）She picked out the shoes that match the dress.（她选出搭配那件衣服的鞋子。）第七组：join/join in/take part in/attend1)joi
35、n及物动词加入（团体，组织，参军）、同一起干或玩、连接例句： I joined the Party in 1975.（我1975年入党。）His brother joined the army two years ago.（两年前他哥哥参军。）They are planning to join the two towns by a railway.（他们在计划用一条铁路把两个镇连接起来。）2)join in 参加（某些活动）例句： May I join in your discussion?（我可以参加你们的讨论吗？）Many people join in the game every yea
36、r.（每年许多人参加这个游戏活动。）He joined in the work without a second thought.（他未加思索地参加了那项工作。）3)take part in 参加（群众性活动，会议等）参加者持积极态度，起一份作用。例句： A lot of students took part in the thorough cleaning yesterday.（昨天许多学生参加大扫除。）A lot of college students took part in the movement last year.（去年很多大学生参加了那个运动。）4)attend 出席，参加，到
37、场；上学例句： Did you attend the meeting last week?（上星期你出席会议了吗？）He was ill so he didnt attend his classes.（他生病了，所以没上学。）注意：attend的词语搭配attend a ceremony 参加典礼attend a funeral 参加葬礼attend a lecture 听演讲attend a concert 听音乐会attend church 上教堂第八组：beat/hit/strike1)beatbeatbeaten（连续地）打；击败；（心）跳动例句： My heart is beatin
38、g fast.（我的心跳得很快。）They beat us in the match.（在这次比赛中，他们把我们击败了。）The rain was beating on the windows.（雨点敲打着窗子。）2)hit 打；击中；想出（后接on）例句： The football hit him in the eye.（足球打在他的眼睛上了。）He hit on a good idea.（他想出了一个好主意。）He hit his head hard on the floor when he fell down.（当他倒下时，头重重地碰到地板上。）3)strikestruckstruck打；敲；打动（心）；擦（火柴）；报时；突然想到，用途较广。例句： Strike while the iron is hot.（趁热打铁。）Dont strike the man with a stick.（不要用棒子打那个男人。）
