1、1Lesson One1. The lower your position is, the more people you are afraid of . (1)此处采用了”the + 比较级+ the + 比较级”结构，表示”越，就越” ，前者是状语从句，后者是主句。 E.g. the more, the better 越多越好。The harder she worked, the more progress she made. 她工作越努力，进步越大。2. And all the people are afraid of the twelve men at the top who help
2、ed found and build the company and now own and direct it. (1)who found and build the company and now own and direct it 为 men 的定语从句。另外注意，found 意为”创立、设立” 。E.g. The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949. 中华人民共和国于 1949 年成立。这里不要与 find 的过去分词 found 混淆，因常用的搭配形式为 help (to) do sth.3. In the normal cou
3、rse of a business day (3)in the course of 为固定词组，意为”在当中”。E.g. In the course of the discussion many constructive opinions were heard.在讨论当中，听到了很多具有建设性的意见。4. Green is afraid of me because most of the work in my department is done for the Sales Department, which is more important than his department, (3)
4、which is more important than his department 为 the Sales Department 的非限时性定语从句。5. every now and then(4)意为”时时，有时” ，也可用 every now and again. e.g. The actress still appears on TV ever now and then.这位女演员仍不时地出现在电视上。6. he is too busy with his own work to pay that much attention to (for n.) + to do 意思是”由于太以致
5、不能” 。E.g. The problem was so complicated that we couldnt solve.这个问题太复杂，我们无法解决。也可用 sothat替代。 E.g. The problem was so complicated that we couldnt solve it. 词组 be busy with 意为”忙于” ，同时注意 pay attention to 后接名词（动名词） 。7. Most of the work we do in my department is, in the long run, trivial. (4)we do in my d
6、epartment 为 most of the work 的定语从句，其中的先行词 that 已省略。 In the long run 为插入部分，意为”终究，到最后” 。E.g. He will lose money in the long run. 他终究会把钱赔掉。8. I have one other person working for me who is not afraid of anyone, not even me, and I would fire him quickly, but Im afraid of him(5)who is not afraid of anyone
7、 为 one other person 的定语从句。 Fire 在此做动词，意为”解雇” 。E.g. At the end of a month he was fired for incompetence.到月底时，他由于能力不够而被解雇了。9. The people in the company who are most afraid of most people are the salesman.(6)The people in the company who are most afraid of most people 为主语部分，而 who are most afraid of mos
8、t people 为定语从句，修饰 people.10. They live and work under pressure that is extraordinary. (6)under pressure 为固定的搭配形式，意为”被迫，迫不得已” 。that is extraordinary 为定语从句，修饰 pressure.211. on the verge of(7)濒于，濒临，即将。注意该词组通常用于不好的事情。 E.g. He was on the verge of (committing) suicide. 他濒临自杀的边缘。12. a record of the sales r
9、esults of the preceding week for each sales office and for the Sales Department as a whole for each division of the company is kept and compared to the sales results for the corresponding week of the year before.(7)a record of the sales results of the preceding week for each sales office and for the
10、 Sales Department as a whole for each division of the company 为该句的主语部分，a record 为主语，而其他为其定语。13. The results of this photocopying and distributing is that there is almost continuous public scrutiny(7)that there is almost continuous public scrutiny 为该句的表语从句。14. for fear they may start doing worse. (8)
11、for fear(that)意为”以免，以防” 。 E.g. She hid her jewelry for fear that it would be stolen.她把宝石藏起来，以防被偷。15. It might even be canceled before it is filled, in which case no one is certain if anything was gained or lost.(8)in which case no one is certain if anything was gained or lost 为该句的状语从句，修饰全句。16. Each
12、of them can name at least one superior in the company (9)name 在此做动词，意为”说出的姓名” 。 E.g. How many countries can you name?你能举出几个国家的名称？17. The company encourages this. (10)encourage 鼓励。由前缀 en-与 courage（勇气）结合而成。前缀 en-:1)置于名词或形容词前，构成动词，表示”使得” 。E.g. enlarge”放大” ；2)置于名词前，表示”放进，赋予” 。 E.g. endanger”使陷入危险” 。18.
13、and rewards salesman who make a good impression on the golf course. (10)who make a good impression on the golf course 为宾语 salesman 的定语从句。 reward 此处做动词，意为”奖赏” ，该词还常用做名词。E.g. HE worked hard without any hope of reward.他还辛勤工作却丝毫不期待报酬。19. and salesman who get divorced, or whose wives die, know they had b
14、etter remarry or begin looking ahead toward a different job. (11)who get divorced 和 whose wives die都是定语从句，用来修饰 salesman, they had better remarry or begin looking ahead toward a different job 为该句的宾语从句，其先行词 that 已省略。begin 的用法有两种，即 begin to do sth.或 begin doing sth.20. the salesman react very well to t
15、he constant pressure and rigid supervision to which they are subjected. (12)该句中采用了 react to 这一固定搭配，注意其后接名词，意为”对产生反应” 。 E.g. The eye reacts to light.眼对光会起反应。而 to which they are subjected 为修饰supervision 的定语从句。21. The salesmen are proud of their position and of the status and importance they enjoy with
16、in the company, for the function of my department, and of most other departments, is 3to help the salesmen sell.(13)be proud of 为固定搭配，意为”对感到自豪” 。 they enjoy within the company 为定语从句，修饰 status and importance。介词 for 引导原因状语从句，从句中的主干为the function is to help the salesmen sell. Help sb. (to) do 为另一种搭配形式，其
17、中的 to 常省略，意为”帮助某人做某事” 。E.g. I helped him look for his key.我帮他找钥匙。22. The people in the company who are least afraid are the few in our small Market Research Department, who believe in nothing and are concerned with collecting, organizing, interpreting, and reorganizing statistical information about
18、the public, the market, the country, and the world.(14)who are least afraid 为 people 的定语从句。而 who believe in nothing and are concerned with collecting, organizing, interpreting, and reorganizing statistical information about the public, the market, the country, and the world 为 the few 的定语从句。词组 be con
19、cerned with 意为”与有关系” 。E.g. He is concerned with the new project.他参与了那项新计划。23. and they know they will not have much trouble finding jobs paying just as little in other companies if they lose their jobs here.(14)they will not have much trouble finding jobs paying just as little in other companies if
20、they lose their jobs here 为该句的宾语从句，其先行词 that 已省略。从句中的固定搭配 have trouble doing sth.意为”做某事很费事” ，口语中常用have trouble in doing sth.。e.g. I had no trouble (in) finding his office.我毫不费力就找到了他的办公室。24. Their budget, too, is small, for they are no longer permitted to undertake large projects.(14)too 此处意为”也，而且” ，
21、通常置于句尾，但为避免意思的模糊不清，有时置于被修饰词的后面。E.g. She, too, like traveling. 她也喜欢旅行。因 She likes traveling, too 既可解释为”她对旅行也喜欢” ，又可解释为”她也喜欢旅行” 。意义不清楚。表前者之意时重读 traveling，表后者之意时重读 she。Undertake 意为 ”承担” ，该词由前缀 under-与 take 构成，前缀 under-意为 1） “不足够的” 。E.g. undervalue“低估” ；2） “之下的，的下方” 。E.g. underline“在下划线” 。25. and there
22、is no way of knowing anymore whether the information on which we base our own information for distribution is true or false.（15）-这个句子分为几个层次，whether the information on which we base our own information for distribution is true or false 为know 的宾语，而 the information on which we base our own information
23、for distribution 为该从句中的主语，而 on which we base our own information for distribution 为该从句中的主语 the information 的定语从句。26. to a great extent（15）-大大地，大部分，与 to a large extent 意同。E.g. It was to a great extent composed of intellectuals.它主要都是由知识分子组成的。27. I am very good at these techniques of deception （16）-be
24、good at 为固定的搭配形式，意为“擅长于” e.g. He is good at (playing) tennis.他很擅长打网球。28. There are so many now who actually believe that what we do is really important. (16)- who actually believe that what we do is really important 为 many 的定语从句，而 who 为该从句中的主语，that what we do is really important 为 believe 的宾语从句，what
25、 we do 又为该宾4语从句中的主语从句。29. This happens not only to salesmen(16)happen to sb.意为“发生于身上” 。E.g. She hoped nothing bad would happen to him.她希望不会有坏事发生在他身上。注意如 happen to 后接动词时，则意为“偶然，碰巧。E.g. I happened to see him on the street.我碰巧在街上看见他。30. about(16)此处做副词，意为“大概，约” ，与 approximately 意同。 E.g. About fifty peop
26、le were present.大约有 50 人出席。31. Its wise person, I guess, who knows hes dumb, and an honest person who knows hes a liar.(17)I guess 为插入部分。该主句采用了 it iswho的强调句型，而 an honest person who knows hes a liar 为该强调句型的省略形式，其完整形式为 and it is an honest person who knows hes a liar.32. depending on how well or poorly
27、 things are going at the office or at home with my wife, or with my retarded son, or with my other son, or my daughter, or the colored maid, or the nurse for my retarded son(17)该句为状语部分，其中多处由 or with my retarded son, or with my other son 为 with my wife 的并列结构，而 or my daughter, or the colored maid, or
28、the nurse for my retarded son 与 my other son 为并列结构。33. I am bored with my work very often now. (19)be bored with 对感到厌烦。 E.g. He was bored with the same story.重复同样的故事使他觉得厌烦。34. but I usually perform at my best under under this stimulating kind of pressure and enjoy my job the most. (20)at ones best 为
29、固定搭配形式，意为 “处于最佳状态” 。E.g. The cherry blossoms are at their best.樱花盛开。35. I handle all of these important projects myself,(20)handle 在此做动词，意为“处理，应付。该词的其他常用意为：1） “把手” ，e.g. The handle of the suitcase.手提箱的把手；2 ） “触摸”，e.g. Handle the glassware with care.玻璃制品请小心轻放。36. I frequently feel Im being taken adva
30、ntage of merely because Im asked to do the work Im paid to do.(20)Imdo.为宾语从句。Im paid to do 为 the work 的定语从句。而take advantage of 在此意为“利用（人或人的弱点等） ”，其常用意为 “利用” 。E.g. I hope that this library is fully taken advantage of.我希望这座图书馆能被充分利用。37. for a while(21)意为“一会儿” ，while 还可与形容词搭配。 E.g. We had to wait a lit
31、tle while for the bus.我们只好等了一会儿公共汽车。I havent seen him for a long while.我已经好久没见过他了。38. At the very top, of course, are those people, mostly young and without dependents, to whom the company is not yet an institution of any sacred merit but still only a place to work, and who regard their present asso
32、ciation with it as something temporary.(21)- of course 为插入部分。因该句的主语部分(those people, mostly young and without dependents, 5to whom the company is not yet an institution of any sacred merit but still only a place to work, and who regard their present association with it as something temporary)过长，为保持句子
33、的平衡，故该句采用了倒装形式。mostly young and without dependents 为 those people的同位语，而 to whom the company is not yet an institution of any sacred merit but still only a place to work, and who regard their present association with it as something temporary 则为其定语从句。39. regardless of(21)意为“不顾，不管” 。E.g. He says what
34、he thinks, regardless of other peoples feelings.他想到什么就说什么，毫不考虑别人的感受。40. I have the feeling now that there is no place left for me to go. (24)- that there is no place left for me to go 为 feeling 的定语从句。Lesson Two1. She sat at the window watching the evening invade the avenue. (1)本句中，现在分词短语 watching th
35、e evening invade the avenue 作动词 sat 的伴随状语。2. in her nostrils was the odour of dusty cretonne.(1)本句为倒装句，正常语序为 The odour of dusty cretonne was in her nostrils.3. she heard his footsteps clacking along the concrete pavement and afterwards crunching on the cinder path before the new red houses. (2)本句中，c
36、lackingandcrunching 为并列结构，作 heard 的宾语补足语。介词短语 before the new red houses 作定语修饰 path。4. One time there used to be a field there in which they used to play every evening with other peoples children. (2)one time 表示“曾经，一度” 。 E.g. At one time we used to go skiing every winter. 我一度每个冬天都去滑雪。In which 引导一个表示地
37、点的定语从句修饰 field。 Used to be 表示“过去经常” 。 E.g. Life here is much easier than it used to be.如今这里的生活比从前可舒服多了。请注意它与 be used to (doing) sth.的区别，后者意为“习惯，适应” 。 E.g. The food in England is strange at first but you will soon get used to it.英国食物一开始吃不惯，但不久你就会适应。5. built houses in itnot like their little brown hou
38、ses, but bright brick house with shining roofs. (2)本句中，not but为一个常用结构，表示“不是 而是” 。6. little Keogh the cripple(2)the cripple 为 little Keogh 的同位语。7. Her father used often to hunt them in out of the field with his blackthorn stick; (2)hunt 本意为“打猎” ，这里是“驱赶；赶走”的意思。 E.g. Hunt the neighbors cat out of the g
39、arden! 把邻居的猫赶出花园！in 这里是副词，hunt in 这里可译为“赶回家去” 。8. keep nix (2) 这里是俚语，意为“监视；站岗” ；相当于”keep watch”。69. Still they seem to have been rather happy then. (2)still 表示“尽管这样” ，相当于”in spite of this”。 E.g. He has treated you badly; still, hes your brother and you should help him.他待你不好，但他终究是你的兄弟，你应该帮助他。10. She
40、looked round the room, reviewing all its familiar objects which she had dusted once a week for so many years, wondering where on earth all the dust came from. (3)现在分词短语 reviewing和 wondering作 looked 的伴随状语。 Which 引导一个定语从句，修饰objects。On earth 通常用来加强语气，意为“到底，究竟” 。E.g. What on earth are you doing?你到底在做什么？
41、11. Perhaps she would never see again those familiar objects from which she had never dreamed of being divided. (3)from which 引导一个从句修饰 objects，其中介词 from 是与divide 连用，表示 “与分开” 。 Not dream of sth./doing sth.是固定短语，意为“无论如何也不做某事” 。 E.g. I should never have dreamt of saying such a thing. 我无论任何也不会说出这样的话来。表示
42、“梦见某事物”时，常用”dream of/about sth./doing sth.”结构。 E.g. I dreamt about flying last night.昨晚我梦见自己在飞翔。12. And yet during all those years she had never found out the name of the priest whose yellowing photograph hung on the wall above the broken harmonium beside the coloured print of the promises made to B
43、lessed Margaret Mary Alacoque. (3)本句中，whose 引导的定语从句修饰 the priest,其中 yellow 是动词，意为“变黄，发黄” 。 E.g. The manuscript had yellowed with age.手稿因年久而发黄了。介词短语 on the wall, above the broken harmonium, beside the coloured print of the promises 均为表示地点的状语；过去分词短语 made作定语修饰promises.13. consent to do (4)意为“同意” 。E.g.
44、They finally consented to go with us.他们最终同意跟我们一起走。还可以说：“consent to sth.”。E.g. She made the proposal, and I readily consented to it.她提出建议，我欣然同意。14. She tried to weigh each side of the question. (4)weigh 本意为“称重” 。E.g. This piece of meat weighs four pounds. 这片肉重四磅。在这里是“衡量”的意思。E.g. to weight the pros an
45、d cons 权衡正反两方面的意见。15. she had those whom she had known all her life about her. (4)这里 about 相当于around，意为“在身边” 。这个句子的主句为 She had those about her.其中含有一定语从句，其关联词 whom 在从句中作宾语。16. and her place would be filled up by advertisement. (4)fill 本意为“添满” ，这里意为“派某人担任某职” 。E.g. The vacancy has already been filled.空
46、缺已有人补上。17. She had always had an edge on her, especially whenever there were people listening. (4)have edge on/over sb.意为“略胜过” 。E.g. The young tennis player definitely had the edge on his folder opponent.年轻的网球选手显然要比年长的那个对手略胜一筹。在本文中可理解为“总想压她一头” 。718. She would not be treated as her mother had been. (
47、8)本句中省略了一些成分，原句应为”She would not be treated (in a way) as her mother had been treated.”19. She knew it was that that had given her the palpitations. (8)本句中，第一个 that 指代上文中提到的“她担心挨父亲的打”这件事，第二个 that 为强调句”it wasthat”结构中的 that.20. go far(8)在本文中意为“ 攻击；打” 。E.g. The newspaper really went for him over his def
48、ense of terrorism.报纸对他偏袒恐怖主义的行为大肆攻击。另外，go for 还有以下常见的意思：1)适用于。What I said about Smith goes for you, too.我说的有关史密斯的话也适用于你。2)去找来。Shall I go for a doctor? 我去请医生来好吗？ 3)喜欢。I dont go much for modern art.我不太喜欢现代艺术。4)选择。I think Ill go for the fruit salad.我想我还是要水果沙拉吧。21. but latterly he had begun to threaten
49、her and say what he would do to her only for her dead mothers sake. (8)本句中，latterly 是“近来”的意思，相当于 “lately; nowadays”。For the sake of sb./for sb.s sake，意为“为了某人起见” 。 E.g. Ill help you for your sisters sake.看在你姐姐的面子上，我会帮助你。Only 这里是“要不然；要不是 ”的意思。E.g. He would probably do well in the examination only he gets very nervous.他要不是考试时太紧张，成绩可能会不错。这句话可译为“要不是看在她死在的母亲的面上，他会怎样对待他。 ”22. In the end he would give her money and ask her had she any intention of buy
