1、句 子 成 分Members of a Sentence英语的基本成分有七种：主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative) 、宾语(object)、定语(attribute) 、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)（一）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在 there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后 面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）What he
2、said sounded reasonable.（二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。找出下列句子的谓语并分析谓语的构成：He practices running every morning.It is necessary to master a foreign language.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.The sun rose.Sorry, she is out. /in the hospital.The machine must be out of order.（三）表语：表语用以
3、说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。找出下列句子的宾语并分析宾语是由什么构成的：Our teacher of English is an American.（ ）Is it yours?（ ）The weather has turned cold.（ ）The speech is exciting.（ ）Three times seven is twenty one?（ ）His job is to te
4、ach English.（ ）His hobby is playing football.（ ）The machine must be out of order.（ ）Time is up. The class is over.（ ）（四）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。找出下列句子的宾语并分析宾语是由什么构成的：They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（ ）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（ ）How many dictionaries
5、do you have? I have five.（ ）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（ ）He pretended not to see me.（ ）I enjoy listening to popular music.（ ）I think（that ） he is fit for his office.（ ）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, e.g. give, teach, show, tell, buy, bring.这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语); 一个指物(直接宾语)。（五）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有
6、一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如 make 等+宾语+宾补） 。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。找出下列句子的宾语补足语并分析是由什么构成的：His father named him Dongming.（ ）They painted their boat white.（ ）Let the fresh air in.（ ）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（ ）We saw her entering the room.（ ）We foun
7、d everything in the lab in good order.（ ）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（ ）（六）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。找出下列句子的定语并分析定语是由什么构成的：Guilin is a beautiful city.（ ）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（ ） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（ ）His rapid prog
8、ress in English made us surprised.（ ）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（ ）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（ ）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（ ）（七）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。找出下列句子的状语并分析状语是由什么构成的：Light travels most quickly.（ ）
9、He has lived in the city for ten years.（ ）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（ ）He is in the room making a model plane.（ ）Wait a minute.（ ）Once you begin, you must continue.（ ）状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance party bec
10、ause of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tired that he fell a
11、sleep immediately.（结果状语）She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）练习一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together ea
12、rly in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advi
13、ce.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.
