1、 第六节 各种从句英语中从句包括：名词从句、定语从句、同位语从句和状语从句。一、名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。（一）主语从句考试重点：主语从句常用的连词的用法；it is desirable that 引导的主语从句的用法。在句子中担当主语的是一个从句，这个从句就叫主语从句。主语从句可以由下列连词、连接代词和连接副词引导，且不能省略。连词：that，whether连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever 等。连接副词：when，where ， how，why1、由连词 that，whether 引导的主语从句。连词 that， whether 在主语从句中的作用
2、只是引导主语从句，它在从句中不担任成分，不能省略，且由它们引导的主语从句，多用 it 做形式主语。（1）_ was unimportant.A. Whether he enjoyed our dinner or not B. No matter how he enjoyed our dinnerC. If he enjoyed our dinner D. What he enjoyed our dinner （答案：A ）（2000 年 40题）（2）That the earth is round is true.（It is true that the earth is round.） 地球
3、是圆的， 是个事实。2、由连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语和状语，不能省略。注意翻译时不能把它们译为疑问句。由它们引导的主语从句，也可以用形式主语 it 引导。（1）Who let out the news remained unknown.（It remained unknown who let out the news.） 谁泄露了那个消息仍旧无人知道。（2）When well start is not clear.（It is not clear when well start. ） 我们何时出发还不清楚。3、以关系代词 what, whatever, wh
4、oever引导的主语从句。What 有时可以用来表示 the thing which 这种意思，引导从句，表示一样东西或一件事情。Who，whom，which ，what ，可以和 ever 构成合成词，和 what 一样引导从句，ever 起强调作用。此类句子不能用形式主语 it 引导，它们在句子中担任成份，不能省略，语序为陈述句的语序。（1）_ I saw was two men crossing the street.A. What B. Whom C. Who D. That （答案：A） （2001 年 38 题）（2）_ was not the way the event happ
5、ened.A. Which the press reported B. That the press reported C. what did the press report D. What the press reported（答案：D。主语从句，what 在从句中做宾语。 ） （1998 年 24 题）4、句型 It is desirable （ suggested, necessary, requested, ordered, proposed, urgent）+that+ 主语+should（可省略）+V（动词原形） 。（1）Its urgent that a meeting _ b
6、efore the final decision is made.A. will be arranged B. must be arranged C. be arranged D. would be arranged （答案：C） （2003 年 45 题）（2）It is highly desirable that a new president _ for this university.A. is appointed B. will be appointed C. be appointed D. has been appointed （答案：C） （1997 年 52 题）（二）表语从句
7、考试重点：表语从句的基本用法；含有 suggestion，proposal 等词的表语从句的用法。1、在从句中做表语的从句叫表语从句。它位于主句中的系动词之后，常用的关联词和主语从句相同。（1）This is what he wants. 这就是他想要的东西。（2）The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow morning. 问题是我们明天上午能否完成任务。2、用 suggestion 等词表示愿望、建议、命令等情绪时，用虚拟语气，从句中用 should（可省略）+动词原形。（1）The generals command
8、 was that the soldiers _ their fort and carry out more important tasks.A. would leave B. leave C. left D. have left （答案：B） （2002 年 48 题）（2）His proposal is that they（should）challenge the other groups to a friendly competition.他提议他们和别的组挑战进行一场友谊竞赛。（三）宾语从句考试重点：宾语从句用陈述句的语序；介词后面的宾语从句；suggest，insist， order
9、，demand 等动词后接宾语从句时，用虚拟语气；if 和 whether 的区别。1、宾语从句用陈述句的语序（1）Can you tell me _ about the city that makes people love it so much?A. it is what B. what it is C. what is it D. is it what（答案：B。宾语从句用陈述句的语序。 ） （1999 年 47 题）（2）No one doubts _ it is true.A. whether B. if C. that d. what（答案：C。I doubt whether/if
10、我怀疑。I dont doubt that 我毫不怀疑。又如：I doubt whether he can speak English. 我怀疑他是否会说英语。 ） （ 1997 年 38 题）2、介词后面的宾语从句（1）The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aware _ she had gone.A. where that B. of where C. of the place D. the place（答案: B 。 where 引导的从句做介词的宾语。 ） （1998 年 48 题）（2）
11、He was a man of fine character in all points _ he was rather timid.A. in that B. except that C. for that D. except for （答案：B） （1997 年 53 题）3、suggest，insist，order ， demand 等动词后作宾语时，表示欲望、建议、命令等时，用虚拟语气。His mother insisted that he _ the coat when going out.A. put on B. puts on C. to put D. putting on （答
12、案：A ） （1999 年 58 题）The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _ an operation right away so as to save his life.A. had B. would have C. have D. was going to have （答案：C） （1998 年 28题）4、在下列情况下不能用 if , 而用 whether。后跟不定式：He didnt tell me whether to go or stay. 他没有告诉我是走还是留下。前面有介词：He raised the question of whether we
13、 could find the necessary money.他提出我们能否筹集到必要的资金这个问题。引导主语从句：Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.他们胜利也好，失败也好，对我来说都是一样的。后面直接跟 or not：I wonder whether Ill catch the last bus or not.我不知道我能否赶上末班车。二、定语从句考试重点：限定性定语从句中关系代词的用法；关系副词 when，where，why，引导的定语从句；带介词的定语从句；非限定性定语从句；“名词（代词）+介词+ 关系代词” 引出，一般是非限
14、定性定语从句。在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句分为两种：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。注意关系代词和关系副词在从句中的应用。（一）关系代词 who，whom，whose，which，that 引导的定语从句1、The company official _ I thought would be fired received a raise.A. whom B. whoever C. who D. of whom（答案：A。关系代词 whom 在定语从句中做宾语，修饰先行词 official） （1998 年 40 题）2、The investigation , _ will
15、soon be published, was made by John.A. at which the results B. the results on which C. whose results D. at whose results（答案：C。关系代词 whose 在定语从句中做定语。 ） （1998 年 58 题）（二）关系副词 when ,where, why, 引导的定语从句1、The time will come _ man can fly to outer space freely.A. that B. when C. in that D. which（答案：B。when 在
16、定语从句中做状语。 ） （1996 年 35 题）2、I will never forget the ten years _ we both spent in the little village.A. when B. during which C. which D. in which （答案：A ） （2001 年 54 题）（三）关系代词前带介词的定语从句1、Before her marriage, she spent a considerable time in that very part of Shanghai, _ she belonged.A. which B. to where
17、 C. to which D. at which（答案：C。关系代词 which 和 whom 还可以做“动词词组”后面的前置宾语。这里的动词词组是 belong to。 ） （1998 年 56 题）2、The United States is composed of fifty states, two of _ are separated from the others by land or water.A. them B. that C. which D. those （答案：C ） （2003 年 23 题）（四）非限定定语从句对被修饰的名词起附加说明，或进一步描述或补充。这种从句有一
18、定的独立性，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然完整，只是内容相对地不够具体。与主句之间常用逗号分开，所用的关系代词与限定性定语从句基本相同，但不能用关系代词that 引导。（1）An Old friend from abroad, _I was expecting to stay with, telephoned me from the airport.A. that B. whom C. who D. which （答案：B） （2000 年 31 题）（2）His brother had become a teacher, _he wanted to be.A. who B. what C. whi
19、ch D. that（答案：C。which 引导的非限定性定语从句，在从句中做宾语，修饰先行词 a teacher）（1997 年 39 题）（3）He has made another wonderful discovery, _of great importance to science.A. which I think it is B. of which I think it is C. I think which is D. which I think is（答案：D。which 引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。 ） （1995 年 50 题）（五） “名词（代词）+介词+关
20、系代词”引出，一般是非限定性定语从句。Weve tested three hundred types of boot, _is completely water proof.A. no of which B. none of which C. some of which D. neither of which（答案：B。 “名词（代词）+of+which（whom） ”引起的定语从句常表示部分与整体的关系。 ）（1995 年 36 题）考试重点：同位语从句的基本用法；含有 suggestion，proposal 等词的同位语从句。一、同位语从句的基本用法常跟在 fact，idea，news 等
21、名词的后面，通常用连词 that 引导。1、Would the news _ he failed to pass the exam bother you?A. which B. that C. of which D. on which （答案：B 。同位语从句。 ） （2003年 58 题）2、I had no idea that you were here. 我没有想到你会在这里。二、如果同位语从句所修饰的先行词是 suggestion，proposal 等名词的时候，谓语动词用should+原形动词。 should 可以省略。1、My suggestion that we do the e
22、xperiment again is accepted by them.我的再做一次实验的建议被他们所接纳。2、His proposal that they（should）challenge the other groups to a friendly competition is praised by the teacher. 他提议他们和别的组挑战，来一场友谊竞赛。这个提议受到了老师的表扬。考试重点：状语从句的种类及一些连词的基本用法；让步状语从句；unless，supposed （that ） ，whomever，whenever ，wherever 等连词的含义和用法。在主从句中起状语
23、作用的从句叫状语从句。常见的状语从句有时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较、目的、结果。一、时间状语从句常用的连词有：when，whenever （无论什么时候） ，since，as，until ，hardlywhen，no soonerthan，as soon as，before，after，the moment，the minute（一就）1、No sooner had they got the goods covered up _ it started raining hard.A. when B. than C. then D. after（答案：B。no soonerthan 引
24、导的时间状语从句。 ） （2002 年 57 题）2、She has wanted to become a nurse _ since she was a young girl.A. long B. often C. always D. ever（答案：D。时间状语从句，ever since 表示从以后一直。 ） （1997 年 56 题）二、条件状语从句常用 if，unless（除非，如果不） ，as/so long as 只要。1、_ Im mistaken, Ive seen that man before.A. Unless B. If C. Because D. Provided（答
25、案：A。unless 引导条件状语从句） （2001 年 40 题）2、_ you return those books to the library immediately you will have to pay a fine.A. Until B. Unless C. If D. Provided （答案：B） （1998 年 60 题）三、原因状语从句常用：because, as, since。如果表示必然的因果关系，一般用 because 引入；而 since 表示一种间接或附带的原因；用 as 只是提一下。1、He cannot go to school because he is
26、 ill. 他因为生病不能上学。2、Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest. 人人都喜欢你，因为你既和气，又诚实。四、让步状语从句常用 though/although，as （尽管） ，even if/though，however，whatever ， wherever，whoever，no matter how/what/who 等。1、In short, _ he lives, a man belongs to some society.A. whatever B. whenever C. whichever D. wherev
27、er（答案：D。wherever 引导让步状语从句，wherever = no matter where） （1997 年 44 题）2、_, you must show your ticket to go into the cinema.A. No matter whoever you are B. Whomever you are C. Whoever you are D. No matter who are you（答案：C。whoever,引导让步状语从句，= no matter who） （1997 年 59 题）3、_ you disagree with her, her idea
28、 is still worth considering.A. Even if B. If only C. Instead of D. Despite of （答案：A 。让步状语从句。 ）（1998 年 44 题）4、Young _ he is, he knows what is the right thing to do.A. that B. as C. although D. however（答案：B。as 引导让步状语从句，被强调的部分放在句子之前，进行倒装。 ） （2000年 44 题）五、方式状语从句常用 as, just as, as if/though 等词。1、_ was po
29、inted above, this substance can be used as a substitute.A. It B. That C. What D. As （答案：D。As 引导方式状语从句。 ） （1999 年32 题）2、He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would have known（答案：B。as if（though）引导的方式状语从句，谓语动词用虚拟语气。 ）六、目的状语从句常用 so that , in order that, lest （以免， 以
30、防）, in case 。1、I wrote it down _ I should forget it.A. in case B. in case of C. in order that D. for fear of （答案：A ） （2002 年 27题）2、Ill give you my phone number, so that you can call me when you arrive here.我把我的电话号码告诉你，以便你到达这里后可以给我打电话。七、结果状语从句常用 sothat, suchthat They are _ students that they all perf
31、ormed well in the nationwide examinations.A. so diligent B. such diligent C. so much diligent D. such very diligent （答案：B） （2002 年 43 题）第七节 主谓一致考试重点：形式上复数、意义单数的名词做主语；动名词、不定式，从句做主语；a number+of+复数名词和 the number+of+可数或不可数名词做主语；主语由 as well as 等词修饰时的主谓一致；当用 and 连接的名词前有 each，every 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。一、名词 physic
32、s （物理），maths（数学），news（新闻），means（方法），works（工厂）等一般被认为是形式是复数，意思是单数的名词，它们做主语的时候动词一般用单数形式。（答案：C。应改为 is。）（2000 年 63 题）2、Every means has been tried. 每一种方式都试过了。二、动名词、不定式、从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数。When and where the new hospital will be built _ a mystery.A. to remain B. remains C. remain D. is remaining （答案：B）（2000 年 5
33、7题）三、当主语是 a number+of+复数名词时，谓语动词用复数；当主语是 the number+of+可数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数（答案：A。应改为 the。1998 年 66 题）2、A number of cars _ in front of my house.A. was parked B. were parking C. is parking D. are parked （答案：D）四、当主语由 as well as 等词修饰时的主谓一致。当句中的主语后接 as well as，along with，together with，including，accompanied
34、by 等短语+名词（代词）时，主语与谓语的一致关系不受影响，主语是单数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式时，谓语动词用复数。1、John, along with twenty friends, is planning a party. 约翰和二十个朋友正在计划举行一个集会。2、No one but Jane and Tom was there then. 那时除了珍尼和汤姆之外，没有别人在那儿。五、当用 and 连接的名词前有 each，every 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。当主语是eachand，everyand every，many aand结构时，谓语动词用单数。1、Many a singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. 许多歌唱家和舞蹈家将参加我们的晚会。2、In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. 在我们国家每个人都有接受
