1、第 1 页 共 11 页第 7 章 动词不定式一.相关知识点精讲:1. 不定式作补语 1） 有些动词有“动+宾+补(不定式)”的结构。例如：advise allow cause challenge command compeldrive 驱使 enable encourage forbid force impelinduce instruct invite like/love order permitmake let have want get warnpersuade request send tell train urge例如；Father will not allow us to pla
2、y on the street. The officer ordered his men to fire. 注意：当该结构中的不定式是动词 be 时，不定式可以省去。常见于以下表示“认为”的动词：consider find believe think guess imagine例如：We believe/consider him (to be guilty). 我们相信他是有罪的。典型例题Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invent
3、ed D. having invented 答案：C. 一般没有 consider+宾语+be 以外不定式的结构，也没有 consider+宾语+doing 的结构，排除A、B、D。consider 用动词 be 以外的不定式作宾补时，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故选 C。3) 有些动词可以跟 there +to be 的结构。例如：believe expect intend like love meanprefer want wish understand 例如：We didnt expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。Y
4、ou wouldnt want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。2. 不定式作主语 不定式作主语，往往用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。例如：Its so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。Its very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。It seemed selfish of him not to
5、give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。但是，用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时，不能用 It is to的句型。另外，这样的句子，不能用动名词作表语。3. Its for sb.和 Its of sb.这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用 for 或 of 的区别。 1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如 easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible 等：例如：Its very hard for him to study t
6、wo languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2）of sb 句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如 good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如：第 2 页 共 11 页Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。用 for 还是用 of 的另一种辨别方法：用介词 for 或 of 后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果通顺用 of，不通则用 for。例如：You are nice. （通顺，所以应用 of） 。He is
7、hard. （非所表达的意思，不通，因此用 for。 ）4. 不定式作表语 不定式可放在 be 动词后面，形成表语。例如：My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。5. 不定式作定语 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。例如：I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多事要做。There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上（他回家时）两手空空。 6. 不定式
8、作状语 1）目的状语 常用结构为 to do , only to do（仅仅为了）, in order to do, so as to do, so（such） as to（如此以便） 。例如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。2）作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。He searched the
9、room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。3） 表原因Im glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。4）表示理由和条件He must be a fool to say so.You will do well to speak more carefully. 7.用作介词的 to to 可以用作介词，也可用作不定式的标示。下面的 to 都用作介词：admit to object to be accustomed to be used to stick to turn to 开
10、始look forward to be devoted to pay attention to contribute to apologize todevote oneself to8. 省去 to 的动词不定式 1） 情态动词 （ 除 ought 外） 后。2） 使役动词 let, have, make 后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。注意：被动语态中不能省去 to。例如：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。=He was seen to dan
11、ce.The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。=They were made to work the whole night.3） would rather，had better 句型后第 3 页 共 11 页4） Why / why no句型后5） help 后可带 to，也可不带 to, help sb （to） do sth：6） but 和 except 后。but 前是实义动词 do 时，后面出现的不定式不带 to。比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。He wants
12、to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。7） 由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去：8） 通常在 discover, imagine, suppose, think 等词后作宾补时，可以省去 to be。例如： He is supposed （to be） nice. 他应该是个好人。9.动词不定式的否定式在不定式标志 to 前加上 not。例如：Tell him not to shut the window。让他别关窗。She pretended not to see me wh
13、en I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。10.不定式的特殊句型 tooto 1）tooto 太以至于。例如：He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了，说不出话来。- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?- Well, Im afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢。2） 如在 too 前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为“不太“。例如：Its
14、never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。 （谚语）3） 当 too 前面有 only, all, but 时，意思是：非常 等于 very。例如：Im only too pleased to be able to help you. 能帮助你我非常高兴。He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。11. 不定式的特殊句型 so as to 1） 表示目的；它的否定式是 so as not to do。例如：Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.汤姆对事故保
15、持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。2） 表示结果。例如：Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾，现在几点了。12. 不定式的特殊句型 Why not “Why not +动词原形“表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：“为什么不?“ “干吗不?“。例如：Why not take a holiday? 干吗不去度假?第 4 页 共 11 页非谓语之一：不定式 to do 问题 1 ：何时用不定式？ -表示要做的事情时。问题 2：不定式能干什么？ -什么
16、都行。谓语除外。1To help the poor is our duty. 主语2. Our duty is to help the poor. 表语3. I have some work to do. 定语4. I come here to see you. 状语5. Please tell him to come early. 补语6. We want to help the poor. 宾语其中，5 和 6 有特殊性，要记住特殊词。（见“语法突破”P84/85）第 5 页 共 11 页问题 3：不定式有几种形态？-两种。时态和语态。语态to do to be done to have
17、done to have been doneto be doing 时态一般式(to do) 表示的动作发生在谓语之后，I hope to see you again. 完成式(to have done)表示的动作发生在谓语之前。Liu Xiang is said to have broken the world record.进行式(to be doing) 表示动作与谓语同时发生且正在进行He pretended to be reading when his mother came in.4） 完成进行式表示动作从过去开始并延续至说话的第 6 页 共 11 页时候。例如： She is k
18、nown to have been working on the problem for many years. 我们知道她研究这问题有好几年了。语态The world record is said to have been broken by Liu Xiang. The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important. 明天的会议很重要。14. 动名词与不定式 1）动名词与不定式的区别：动名词表达的是： 抽象，经常性，已发生的不定式表达的是： 具体，一次性，将发生的2）有些动词如 start,begin,continue,like 接不定式或动名
19、词作宾语，意义基本相同。 3）有些动词如 remember,forget,stop 接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义大相径庭。15 不定式的语态：不定式的主动式也可以变成被动式，跟被动语态的意义一样。实战检验1. -Both of us have cars, whom would you rather_, John or me?A. have go B. have to go C. to go D. going2. I would love/like _ to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a repor
20、t.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone3. When I returned, mother happened_.A. to be cooking B. cooking C. to be cooked D. having cooked4. - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by ship for a change?第 7 页 共 11 页A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going5. Charles Ba
21、bbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A. to have invented B. inventing C. to invent D. having invented6. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle.A. ride; ride B. riding ; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride ; riding7. Paul doesnt have to be made _ . He always works ha
22、rd.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating10. The poor man with his two childr
23、en _ in the street corner.A. was seen beg B. were seen begging C. was seen begging D. were seen beg11. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying12. Mary was reading a novel, when Tom came in, she stop
24、ped _ if she should do something for him.第 8 页 共 11 页A. ask B. to ask C. asking D. asked13. We can do anything we can _ you catch up with the others.A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped14. I have no choice but _ your advice.A. accept B. to accept C. accepting D. accepted15. The water is not fit _
25、.A. to drink B. to be drunk C. drunk D. drinking16. I havent got a seat _.A. to sit B. to sit on C. for sitting D. for sitting on17. - Where is George? He said he would meet me here at three oclock.- He seems _ with Mr. Brown in the office.A. to talk B. to be talking C. to have talked D. talking18.
26、- Did you get a job? - No, I _, but its no use.A. expected B. tried to C. managed D. planned19. To know what is good and _ are two different things.A. knowing what is wrong B. do what is right C. to do what is right D. doing what is right20. - Why has Jack not come yet now? Anything wrong with him?-
27、 He didnt pass the test but he still _.A. hopes so B. hopes that C. hopes to D. hopes it21. The houses _ are for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.第 9 页 共 11 页A.built B. to be built C. to built D. being built22. Thirteen people were reported _ in the coal mine accident.A. to hav
28、e been killed B. having been killed C. having killed D. to be killed23. His speech is well known and it is said _ into several languages.A. to translate B. to be translated C. to have translated D. to have been translated24. Our professor has just come back form abroad. He seems _ his trip very much
29、.A. to enjoy B. to have enjoyed C. to be enjoying D. to have been enjoying25. Little Tom should love _ to the theatre this evening.A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking26. There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know _.A. what to choose B. which to choose C. to choose w
30、hat D. to choose which27. We must do whatever we can _ those who are in trouble.A. to help B. help C. helping D. do help28. The question _ next week has something to do with our daily life.A. to be discussed B. to be discussing C. discussed D. being discussed 29. It is careless _ the same mistake in
31、 your composition.第 10 页 共 11 页A. for you to make B. for you making C. of you to make D. of you making30. - Why did you come to the concert to hear the pop singer you didnt like?- I should like _, but my boyfriend insisted.A. having come B. coming C. to come D. not to have come31. There seemed to be
32、 nothing else to do but _ a doctor.A. to call on B. call for C. send for D. to send32. - What did you mean by saying that?- I meant no harm. I only _.A. meant helping B. want to help C. meant to help D. want helping33. - Have you any letters _, sir? - No, thanks.A. to type B. to be typed C. to be ty
33、ping D. typed34. He said that he hadnt written the composition and that he had nothing _.A. to write B. to write to C. to write about D. write35. To go shopping on Sundays seems to my mother a rule_.A. to never break B. never to be breaking C. never to be broken D. never to have broken36. Tom _ when
34、 they spoke ill of him.A. happened to be passed B. happened to be passing by C. happened passing by D. happened to pass beside37. He used to _ in the city, but now he has got used to _ in the 第 11 页 共 11 页countryside.A. live, live B. live, living C. living, live D. living, living38. Almost everyone
35、failed _ the driving test on the first try.A. passing B. to have passed C. to pass D. in passing39. Several of these washing machines are out of order and _.A. need to be repairing B. require being repaired C. want to repair D. need to be repaired40. She is known _ on the problem for many years.A. to work B. to have worked C. to be working D. to have been working
