1、1名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。判断下面句子中哪些是名词性从句？ 1. China is no longer what it used to be. 2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all. 3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station. 4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is inte
2、resting to us 5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7. That is where Lu Xun used to live. 8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about. 9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us Englis
3、h at middle school? 10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.（一）引导名词性从句的连接词 1、连接代词：who（谁）, whose（谁的）, whom（谁）, what（什么，的事）, which（哪个，哪些）whatever(任何东西), whoever（任何人）, whomever, whichever。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2、连接副词：when, where, why, how，whenever, wherever。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。 3、连接词：that, wheth
4、er, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分；if (whether), as if 虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。 （二） 名词性从句的语序：名词性从句必须是陈述句语序I dont know where he comes from. （三）连词省略：that 引导宾语从句时可以省略，其他连词不能省略1. 主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句，上述引导词除 if 外均可引起主语从句。 That he is an honest boy is known to all. What makes her different from others is her stran
5、ge behavior.How they will solve the serious problem has not been decidedWhatever was said here must be kept secret. Where we can look up his address is still a problem注意啦：主语从句常放在句尾而用 it 作形式主语使句子更加平衡, 如上面第一句改成：“It is known to all that he is an honest boy”更好。在下列情况下必须把主语从句放在句尾而用 it 作形式主语：1) 主句谓语是被动语态时，
6、如：It is said/known to us that he is a good doctor.2) 主句是疑问句或感叹句时，如：Is it true that the film star will come?How wonderful it is that well visit the Great Wall tomorrow.3)主句谓语动词是 appear, turn out, happen, occur, strike, matter 等 It happened that she had a cold and didnt go with us that day.（碰巧）It turn
7、ed out that I was wrong.（结果是）Guess: it occurred to me that. It matters that 什么意思呢？4) 表示说话人的推测或评价，如在 it seems, it is (un)likely, it is (im)possible, it is a pity, it is a wonder that 从句等结构中，结构为：it is +adj,/n.that 从句如：It seems that this test is reliable.It is a pity that he should go without telling a
8、nyone It is necessary that you should tell him the truth 注意： 区分 it 作形式主语指代主语从句与 it 引导强调句型的有效技巧是： 将“It be . that .”中的 it be 和 that 去掉后， 句子仍然成立的是强调句， 句子不能成立的是 that 引导的主语从句Eg: It was my suggestion that made him confident of successIt is my suggestion that he needs more practice2. 宾语从句：在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句，
9、以上连词都可引起宾语从句。 I thought (that) you had read the book.We should learn to tell whether an element is poisonous or not.Do you know who invented this?1) 宾语从句后有宾语补足语时常移至句末，而用 it 做形式宾语放在前面，如：We should make it clear that protecting the environment is everyones duty. 2 ) 宾语从句可作某些介词和某些作表语用的形容词的宾语，但介词后一般不能接 t
10、hat 引导的宾语从句如：The resistance of a wire also depends upon what material it is made of.We are sure (that) it will be a success.宾语从句应注意的几个问题： 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上 that 引导的宾语从句时，第一个 that 可以省略，但从第二个开始不可以省略。He said (that) he would spend his winter holiday in London this year and that it would be the first time h
11、e would spend his holiday alone abroad. that 从句作介词宾语只用于 except that 和 in that 结构。 His report is correct except that some details are omittedCriticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to correct our mistakes. （ 因为） 宾语从句在时态上要求与主句一致（即时态呼应），也就是说主句为一般现在时，从句可用任何时态；如从句为一般过去时态，主句应为过去时的某种时
12、态。当然，从句为普遍真理和自然现象者例外.He says that he lives around the corner.2He says that he once worked as a cook.He says that he is expecting his fathers telephone.He said that he would go abroad for further information.He said that it does not snow in winter in Australia.3. 表语从句： Thats what we should do. 4. 同位语
13、从句：answer, hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea, promise, word (消息 )information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory 等抽象名词等名词后出现的 that 或 wh-引导的从句作同位语，人们称之为同位语从句，同位语从句对所修饰得词起解释说明的作用。They expressed the hope that they would visit
14、China again.I have no idea where they are spending their holidays The question how they could get the information was brought forward at the meeting.掌握同位语从句的用法要注意以下两个问题：1 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面， 而是被别的词隔开， 以使得整个句子的结构显得平衡。He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put offWord came that he h
15、ad been caught2.同位语从句和定语从句结构相似， 通常位于某一名词或代词后面， 但两者存在明显区别：(1) 同位语从句对名词加以补充说明， 是该名词具体内容的体现。 that 引导的同位语从句中引导词 that 不在该同位语从句中充当句子成分， 但不能被省略。（2） 同位语从句还可以用 whether、 how, what 等连词引导(定语从句则不能) 。(3)定语从句对先行词加以限制或修饰、 说明先行词的性质或特征 .定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当特定的句子成分(that 在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当主语、 宾语或者表语， 充当定语从句中宾语的 that 经常可被省略)
16、 。请比较：We cant solve the problem how we can travel faster than light 我们解决不了如何才能超过光的速度这个问题。(how 引导的从句表示其前面的名词 the problem 的具体内容， 属于同位语从句) I cant remember the problem that they have 我记不得他们的问题了(引导词 that 就是 that 引导的从句中 have 的宾语， the problem 的具体内容也没有得到说明， 故本句中 that 引导的从句是修饰problem 的定语从句) I wont believe th
17、e fact that he lied to his mother I wont believe the fact (that) he told me The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year 考题 Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas A. which B. that C. what D. w
18、hether注意：（1）what 作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示疑问：“什么？”的问题， 也可以表示相当于“名词+that 引导的定语从句”的意思。1 He is no longer what (=the person that) he was a few years ago.2 This is what (=the place that) they call Salt Lake City.3 What (=The place that) is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world4 Our income is no
19、w double what (=the income that) it was ten years ago.5 The color of the flower is different from what (=the color that) it was in the morning.(2) 带ever 后缀的疑问词除引导让步状语从句之外， 还可以引导名词性从句(“no matter疑问词”的结构只能引导让步状语从句， 不可以引导名词性从句)，Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonightWhoever wants to see th
20、is film , they can go with us tonight.You can give the ticket to whomever you like.Whomever you like , I will not care.All the books are here. You may borrow whichever (book) you like.Whichever book you choose, it will ok to youIll do whatever you ask me to doWhatever you do , I will like youWhereve
21、r you go , I will follow you.（4）that 引导名词性从句时后面 接完整的陈述句， that 只起引导名词性从句的作用而不充当该名词性从句中的具体成分； 引导宾语从句时 that 常可省略， 但引导主语从句、 表语从句、 同位语从句时 that 通常不被省略That she was chosen made us very happyI have the belief that I will succeedShe hoped (that) he would arrive on time.that， what 引导名词性从句的区别在于： that 在其引导的名词性从句
22、中不充当任何成分，在有的情况下可以省略； what 需要在其引导的名词性从句中充当主语、 宾语、 表语或者定语， 而且引导名词性从句的 what 在任何情况下都不能省略That he will succeed is obvious. 显然， 他会成功。(引导主语从句的 that 不在其中充当具体的句子成分)What she told me is not true. 她所告诉我的都不是真的。(what 在其引导的主语从句中作宾语)（5）whether 与 if 均可以引导表示“是否” 之意的名词性从句， 且 whether 与 if 均不在这种名词性从句中充当具体的句子成分。在引导宾语从句时 w
23、hether 与 if 一般可以互换， 但在引导主语从句、表语从句、 同位语从句、 介词后的宾语从句、 放于句首的宾语从句或者名词性从句中包含 or (not) 时通常只能用 whether 作引导词1 I dont know _ I can help you.2 _ we can really help you, I dont know yet3 The teacher worried about _ he had hurt the girls feelings34 The question is _ they can cooperate with us.5 The question _ h
24、e should come himself or send a substitute must be decided upon6 The little girl asked her father_ she should go to the party or not.(6)肯定形式的 doubt 后面通常接 whether/if 引导的宾语从句， 否定形式的 doubt 后面通常接 that引导的宾语从句I doubt _ its trueI doub_that was what he wanted. Could you do me a favor? It depends on _ it is.
25、 (2006 北京) A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever(7) who 和 whoever 的区别Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales, pleaseA. anyone B. who C. whoever D. no matter who填 c 翻译为我可以和负责国际销售的任何人说话吗？填 B 翻译为我可以和谁负责国际销售的任何人说话吗？注意：who 在名词性从句中译为 “谁”Whoever 译为无论任何人=anyone who（8）whoever whomever 区别1.
26、_will give us a talk is unknown to us all.A. Whoever B. Who C. Anyone D. No matter who2._ leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.A. Anyone B. Who C. Whoever D. No matter who3. To improve the quality of our products, we _ asked for the suggestions _ had used the products. A. whoever B. who
27、C. whomever4. Give the book to _ asks for it first5. Give the present to_ you have been keeping in touch with.总结：who 与 whoever 的区别是什么？whoever 与 whomever 的区别是什么？本章补充强化训练题1: They are teachers and dont realize _ to start and run a company. A. what takes it B. what they took C. what it takes D. what tak
28、es them 2: In order to encourage the workers to work hard, the manager decides to award _ produces the most in the factory. A. who B. whom C. whomever D. whoever 3: On stepping into the office, the girl was frightened to find that the whole office was fill with _ looked like tiny worms. A. that B. s
29、omething C. what D. anything 4: _Tom was worried about seemed clearly to the whole family. A. That B. Which C. That D. How 5: The teacher usually graded the students on _they have done. A. that B. what C. which D. how 6: We never doubt _ our school team will win the match against No 3 Mid-school.A.
30、weather B. that C. if D. what 7: _ we can find from the following, the number of students dropping out is going down.A. what B. it C. as D. what8: Will you see to _ you brother is OK at home while we are out on work. A. this if B. it that C. it weather D. that weather 9: To those scientists, it stil
31、l remains to be a question _ man can go back to the old days with time machine. A. if B. that C. how D. weather 10: When woken up, he found he was standing on _ seemed to be a small piece of rock.A. that B. what C. which D. it 11: In one word, the hours _ the children spend in their one-way relation
32、ship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people. A. in which B. when C. which D. that 12: -What about your TEFL test? -I have answered all the questions, but not sure _I could get a high enough score. A. what B. if C. when D. why 13: The treatment will contin
33、ue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk correctly and safely. A. when B. where C. which D. whose. 14: _the sports meet of our school is held is still not decided. A. What B. Where C. If D. That 15: Excuse me, _ would you like your tea, white or black? -With milk, please.A. whether B whe
34、n C. What D. how 16: Finally we arrived at _ used to a battlefield. A. what B. where C. where there D. it 17: -It seems that he was succeeded at last in the USA.-But you can never imagine _A. what a hard life he has experienced. B. what he has experienced a hard life C. he has experienced what a har
35、d life.D. what a hard life has he experienced 18: There is a common belief among them _rubbish can and should be put to good use. A. which B. if C. whether D. that 19: Human beings are different from animals _they can use language as a tool to communicate. A. in which B. in that C. for that D. for w
36、hich 420: _ David says sound right to Helen. Thats why he has made up her mind to leave the matter to him _ happens.A. Whatever; whatever B. No matter what, whatever C. No matter what, no matter what D. Whatever; no matter what 21: _ sometimes keeps her awake all night _ Tom is getting more and more
37、 quiet at home. A. That; which B. It; that C. Whether; what D. What; that 22: In some countries, _ called “public schools” are not owned by the public. A. which B. as C. that D. what 23: -I rang you at about nine, but there was no reply.-That was probably _ I was seeing the doctor. A. why B. what C.
38、 that D. when 24: Word comes _ some New Zealand guests will come to visit our school tomorrow. A. that B. which C. / D. about which 25: Dave lost his job and was short of money, so _his flat and move in with his brother. A. that he did was to sell B. what he did sell C. what he did sold D. what he d
39、id was to sell 26. The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever27. The old tower must be saved, _ the cost.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever28. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years a
40、go, _ it was so poorly equipped.A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that29. Is that the small town you often refer to?Right, just the one _you know I used to work for years.A. that B. which C. where D. what30. Franks dream was to have his own shop _ to produce the workings of his o
41、wn hands .A. that B. in which C. by which D. how 31. I was surprised by her words , which made me recognize silly mistakes I had made .A. what B. that C. how D. which 32. The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.A. which; where B. at which; whi
42、chC. at which; where D. which; in which33. The way he did it was different we were used to .A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which 34. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom?A. that B. what C. as D. which35. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the g
43、ame.Awhy Bwhat Cwho Dthat36. If a shop has chairs_ women can park their men , women will spend more time in the shop.A. that B. which C. when D. where 37. He tried his best to solve the problem, _difficult it was.A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although38. The old ladys hand shook frequently .
44、 She explained to her doctor this shaking had begun half a year before , and only because of this , she had been forced to give up her job .A. when ; how B. how ; when C. how ; how D. why ; why 1. Where is Jack? He is _ you told him to goA. where B. which C. what D. 不填2. The difficulty we now meet w
45、ith is _ we can persuade him to tell the truth.A. whether B. that C. what D. how3. America was _ was first called “India” by ColumbusA. what B. where C. the place D. there4. After ten years, he changed a lot and looked different from _ he used to be.A. that B. whom C. what D. who6 My hometown is qui
46、te different from _ before.A. that it was B. it was C. what it was D. which it was7_ is _ the students to find out the meaning and the usage of new words.A. What a dictionary does; help B. What dictionary does; to helpB. How a dictionary does; help D. All that a dictionary does; helps8. _ is worth d
47、oing at all is worth doing well.A. Whatever B. Whoever C. However it D. Whatever it9. You can choose _ book you like among theseA. no matter what B. whatever C. whose D. whichever10. You can take _ much you want and _ you want to.A. Whatever; when B. Whenever; however C. however; whatever D. however
48、; whoever11. Was it at the very beginning _ Mr. White made the decision _ we should send more fire fighters thereA. when; which B. that; that C. when; so D. where; what12. _ a plan to deal with it is important.A. What we should work out B. We should work outC. That we should work out D. That what we should work out13. _ the bo
