1、第 1 页 共 8 页一、考点聚焦1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be 动词的过去式用 were）” ，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形” 。如：If I were a boy, I would join the army.If the had time, she should go with you.（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过
2、去分词”。如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或 should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用 would / should/could might + 动词原形。如；If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。
3、如：If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：条件状语从句 主 句与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be 用 were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形第 2 页 共 8 页与将来事实相反一般过去时或 should(were to) + 动词原形Would/should/cold/might + 动词
4、原形有时侯在使用时可省略 if,句子则可换成下列形式，即 “were / had / should +主语”。如：Were I a boy, I would join the army.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go toBritain.2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“wish + 宾语从句” 表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓
5、语动词用“would/could + 动词原形 ”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用 “had + 过去分词”或 “could(should) + have + 过去分词” 。如：I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose 、 demand、require、insist request、command、order 等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 shou
6、ld + 动词原形或是动词原形。如：She suggested we (should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated.（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。第 3 页 共 8 页作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、 idea、 order、demand 、plan 、proposal、suggestion、request 等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“ （should） + 动词原形 ”。如：His suggestion that we (should)go toShang
7、haiis wonderful.My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.It will
8、be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that 从句也可用陈述句语气。如：It is pity that you cant swim.3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用（1）虚拟语气在 as if/as though、even if/even though 等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的
9、动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如：He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.（2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be 用 were)或 should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该”。如：第 4 页 共 8 页Its time that I picked up my daughter.Its high ti
10、me we were going.（3）虚拟语气用在 if only 引导的感叹句中。如：If only I were a bird.If only I had taken his advice.（4）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。如：It would be better for you not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to close the door?用于一些习惯表达法中。如：Would you like a cup of tea?I
11、 would rather not tell you.L 二、精典名题导解选择填空1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. (NMET 95)A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken解析：答案为 C。本题考查的是 as if 引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题， as if 引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分
12、陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用 were broken。2. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.(NMET 94)A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come第 5 页 共 8 页来源：高考资源网高考资源网()解析：答案为 D。本题考查的是 if 条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了” 与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以 if 从句中用 ha
13、d+过去分词。3. If he _, he _that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(NMET 93)A.was warned; would not takeB.had been warned; would not have takenC.would be warned; had not takenD.would have been warned; had not taken解析：答案为 B。本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气
14、，故选 B。虚拟语气练习题1. If I _ where he lived， I _ a note to him.A. knew， wouldB. had known， would have sentC. know， would sendD. knew， would have sent2. If they _ earlier than expected， they _ here now.A. had started， would beB. started， might beC. had started， would have beenD. will start， might have been
15、3. I didnt know his telephone number. _ it， I _ then.A. Had I known， would ring him upB. Should I know， would have rung him upC. If I knew； would ring him upD. Had I known； would have rung him up4. Mary is ill today. If she _， she _ absent from school.A. were not ill， wouldnt beB. had been ill， woul
16、dnt have beenC. had been ill， should have beenD. hadnt been ill， could be5. Were I to do it， I _ it some other way.A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do第 6 页 共 8 页6. I _ him the answer _ possible， but I was so busy then.A. could tell， if it had beenB. must have told， were itC. shou
17、ld have told， had it beenD. should have told， should it be7. Without your help， we_ so much.A. wont achieve B. didnt achieve C. dont achieve D. wouldnt have achieved 8. You didnt take his advice. _ his advice， you _ such a mistake.A. Had you taken， wouldnt have madeB. If you had taken， would makeC.
18、Were you lo take， shouldnt have madeD. Have you taken， wont have made9. We wish we _ what you did when we were at high school.A. did B. could have done C. have done D. should do10. She wishes she _ to the theatre last night.A. went B. would go C. had gone D. were going11. Tom is very short now. His
19、mother wishes that he _ be tall when he grows up.A. could B. should C. would D. were able to12. My sister advised me that I _ accept the invitation.A. could B. must C. should D. might13. He asks that he _ an opportunity to explain why hes refused to go there.A. is given B. must give C. should give D
20、. be given14. Do you think of Wang Fangs suggestion that he _ Mr. Li to the party？A. will invite B. have invited C. is invited D. invite15. I insisted that he _ at once.A. be gone B. go C. would go D. might go16. Li Ming insisted that he _ anything at all.A. hadnt stolen B. shouldnt steal C. doesnt
21、steal D. steal17. It is quite natural that my coming late again _ them very angry.A. had made B. would make C. makes D. make18. He acted as if he _ everything in the world.A. knew B. knows C. has known D. wont know19. Read it aloud so that I _ you clearly.A. may hear B. will hear C. hear D. have hea
22、rd20. They got up early in order that they _ they first train.A. caught B. will catch C. might catch D. shall catch 21. I am sorry that he _ in such poor health.第 7 页 共 8 页A. are B. shall be C. were D. should be22. That is a good book. You _ it yesterday.A. could buy B. should buy C. should have bou
23、ght D. bought23. It is high time we _ home.A. will go B. would go C. have gone D. went24. Id rather that you _ home.A. went B. have gone C. will go D. had gone25. If only I _ to the lecture！A. listen B. will listen C. am listening D. had listened26. If he_， he _ that food.- Luckily he was sent to th
24、e hospital immediately.A. was warned， would not takeB. had been warned， would not have takenC. would be warned， had not takenD. would have been warned， had not taken27. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _， she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come28. With
25、out electricity， human life _ quite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 29. He _ you more help， even though he was very busy.A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give30. If city noises _ from increasing， people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner
26、table 20 years from now.A. are not kept， will have toB. are not kept， have toC. do not keep， will have toD. do not keep， have to31. Mikes father， as well as his mother， insisted that he _ home.A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay32. Mr. Smith insisted that he _ the work all.A. had done B. h
27、ave done C. did D. so33. Jane would never have gone to the party _ that Mary would come to see her.A. has she known B. had she known C. if she know D. if she has known34. If you had enough money， what _？A. will you buyB. would you buyC. would you have boughtD. will you have bought35. If you _ that f
28、ilm late last night， you wouldnt be so sleepy.A. didnt see B. havent seen C. wouldnt have seen D. hadnt seen第 8 页 共 8 页36. Our monitor requested that _.A. all the class studied more carefully the problemB. the problem was more carefully studiedC. with great care the problem could be studiedD. all th
29、e class study the problem more carefully 37. Would you have called her up had it been possible？Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework.A. was B. were C. had been D. would be38. His tired face suggested that he _ really tired after the long walk.A. had been B. was C. be D. should be39. It is important th
30、at we _.A. shall close the window before we leaveB. will close the window before we leaveC. must close the window before we leaveD. close the window before we leave40. I didnt know his telephone number， otherwise I _ him.A. had telephoned B. would telephone C. would have telephoned D. telephone参考答案15 BADAB 610 CDABC 1115 CCDDB 1620 ADAAC 2125 DCDAD 2630 BDDAA3135 DABBD 3640 DABDC
