1、Subjunctive Mood,1)If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.2)If I had taken your advice ,I wouldnt have made the mistake.3)If I had been there, it wouldnt have happened. 4)If it rained tomorrow, we would not go shopping.,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、愿望等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的
2、愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,虚拟语气的概念,一、虚拟语气在条件句中,If+主语+动词的过去式 （动词be用were),主语+should,would, might,could动词 原形,If+主语+had +过去分词,主语should, would, might, could have done,1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形,主语should, wouldmight, could动词 原形,1. If I had 5000yuan, I would buy a c
3、omputer. 2. If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake. 4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.,（与现在事实相反）,（与过去事实相反）,2、错综时间的虚拟句通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.,1. If I were you, I would have ta
4、ken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。,2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。,使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：, 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整,If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.,如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了,虚拟语气,3
5、、省略 if 的条件从句 当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.Were I to meet him tomorrow, If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.Should he fail in the experimentIf you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met
6、him.,虚拟语气在 在条件从句中,Had you come a few.,a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?,were,would take,burst,would happen,PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.,If he _ （drive）more carefully, he _(not have) the car accident
7、yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,1)He insisted that I should have a rest. 2)His suggestion that Tom have a rest is accepted. 3)His suggestion is that Tom have a rest 4)It is suggested that Tom have a rest. 5)The king ordered that the prisoner be killed the next day.,二. 名词性从句的虚拟语气。 主要是表示命令、要求
8、、建议的虚拟语气。,宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持：insist 两个命令：order, command 三个建议：advise, suggest, propose 五个要求：demand , require, request, desire ask,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，可将should省略。,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)V.名词形式: order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand,
9、request, desire,1. 我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 2. 他坚决要求我到场。 3. 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 4. 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,1.We suggested that Tom have a rest.,2.He insisted that I (should )be present.,3.The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.,4. They requested that we (should) send them to work there.,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,注意
10、:insist / suggest 各有两意思，要用不同的语气 表“坚决要求”,虚拟, should + do; 表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。表“建议”，虚拟, should + do; 表“表明、暗示” ，用陈述语气。 1. The teacher suggested that we _ more after class. （我们课后多练习） 2. The look on her face suggested that she _happy 3. He insisted that all of us _there on time by any means. （我们大家想尽办法按时去
11、那儿） 4. He insisted that he _ the wallet(没有偷钱包).,insist,suggest,(should) practise,was,should be,didnt steal,Its suggested that the plan(被实施) My demand is that she to see me once a week. (come) We are for the advice that the factory closed down.,be carried out.,should come,should be,虚拟语气,Alan _ the pa
12、rty if he had gone to London.A. would have missed B. had missedC. would miss D. missed2.It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy. He would be still alive today if he _ that drug.A.not take B. hadnt takenC. didnt take D. shouldnt have taken,Exercises,虚拟语气的主要内容,一、非真实条件句（if等）中的虚拟语气 时态一致 2. 错
13、综时间的虚拟句 3.倒装句 4.含蓄条件句 5. If only 感叹 二、名词性从句的虚拟语气： 宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 三、几种特殊的虚拟语气句式 wish、as if/though、would rather、Its time Its necessary/strange/inportant+that从句,4. without, but for，or和otherwise 构成虚拟。but for要不是，or否则（含蓄条件句）1.）Without sunlight, there would be no life on our planet.2.）But for your he
14、lp, I wouldnt have finished the work.3.）I was ill that day .otherwise , I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副词)4.）He telephoned to inform me of your birthday , or I would have known nothing about it .(连词),5 . If only 要是就好了 If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I
15、 were to see him again!,要是我们的父母和我们住在一起就好了。 要是我没错过火车就好了！,If only our parents lived with us!,If only I hadnt missed the train!,三. 虚拟语气特殊句型:,1. wish 的宾语从句,现在: 过去时（were） 过去: 过去完成时 未来: would/could/might +V. should,I wish I as tall as you.,were,I wish every day my birthday.,were,I wish/wished I eaten so m
16、uch watermelon.,(2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had过去分词”。,hadnt,I wish it rain tomorrow.,would,He looks as if he drunk.,They talked as if they friends for years.,She loves the baby as if it her own son. I remembered the whole thing as if it yesterday.,were,had happened,had been,were,2,As if/though和wish用法相同,3.
17、 would rather (that),虚拟现在/将来： 虚拟过去：,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去完成时,3.Its (about/high) time +(that),should +V.,过去时,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that we . Its time that we to bed.,(Should不可省略),went to bed,should go,4. Its necessary /s
18、trange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形,It is important that we a foreign language. It is strange that she to come to the party. Its necessary that we hard.,( should ) master,refuse,should study,虚拟语气,1. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.)A. listened B. had listenedC.
19、 should listen D. would listen 2. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.A. sell B. soldC. shall sell D. would sell 3. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone,虚拟语气,4. Have you ever been to Beijing?- No, but I wish I _.A. have B. will C. do D. had 5. I dont think it is the right time that you _.A. will go B. went C. go D. must go 6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken,Bye-Bye,
