1、V-ed 作状语,1 意义及位置 过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态。表示被动或完成的动作。多放在句首，也可以放在句中句末。,2 用法 表示时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，伴随等状语，可以转化为相应的状语从句。 Eg 1) Seen (=when it is seen ) from the top of the hill, the city looks like a big garden. -时间状从 2） Deeply moved (=Because he was deeply moved) by his words, Tom agreed to go with hi
2、m.-原因状从 3) Given (=If I were given) more time, I would do the job much better.-条件状从 4）Encouraged (=Although he is encouraged ) by his parents, he still lacks confidence.-让步状从,5) 表示方式或伴随情况，如果有连词as 或 as if , 转化为as 或 as if 引导的方式状从; Dont ask why; just do as told (=you are told) 若无连词，则转化为并列句 Hearing the
3、news, he turned away, disappointed.(=and he was disappointed),3 过去分词与句子主语之间的关系 过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致，过去分词与句子主语通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系 有些过去分词或短语来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而是表示主语的状态。 如 lost, seated, hidden, lost in, dressed in, faced with, absorbed in,4 从属连词+过去分词 过去分词作状语时，可在分词之前加上某些从属连词，表示强调。常用的有if , unless, when , as i
4、f, once, even if , as though . 此结构实际是状语从句的省略。当状从的主语和句子的主语保持一致，而且状从的谓语动词是被动时，可以省略从句的主语和动词be. Eg Generally speaking, when taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. I wont attend his birthday party unless invited.
5、,注意,1 过去分词表示逻辑上的动宾关系， 现在分词表示逻辑上的主谓关系。 Seen from the tower, our city looks more beautiful. Seeing from the top of the tower, we can get a wonderful view of our city.,2 过去分词短语作状语，分词的逻辑主语与句子保持一致。Eg Finished their homework, the children went out to play football.更正 Their homework finished, the children
6、went out to play football. Having finished their homework, the children went out to play football. After the children finished their homework, they went out to play football. with their homework finished, the children went out to play football.,3 有些含有分词短语的固定插入语，其逻辑主语不要求与句子主语一致。这类词常见的有，judging from (根据来判断) generally/frankly/exactly speaking(一般来说，坦率的说，确切地说)， considering/taking into consideration(考虑到)， including (包括)，provided/providing (如果) Judging from his appearance, he is a wealthy man. 从外表判断他是一位富翁。 Generally speaking, the more you pay, the more you get. 一般来说，付出的越多，得到的就越多。,
