1、定语从句讲解,什么是定语从句呢？,答案：修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。,结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子,The man who lives next to us is a policeman.,先行词,_,_,关系词,_,定语从句,关系词,关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose 关系副词: when, where, why,关系代词：指物：that which指人：who (主/宾格) that whom（宾格）可指人可指物：whose （定语）,表示所属关系。,关系代词that, which引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代
2、词应用that、which. (作主语或宾语),A matchinggame！,Match the two sentences 1.Im reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. _ 2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese. _ 3.I dont like the man. He is smoking. _ 4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week. _,Im reading a book that/which is about B
3、ill Gates.,He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese.,I dont like the man who is smoking.,Where is the picture that you bought last week?,5 This is a dream that/which will never come true. 6 The dog which/that was lost has been found. 7This is the card which/that/- Ive just received the card. 8Th
4、is is the film star who is very popular in china. 9The man who/whom/that he described is a famous writer.,This is a dream. The dream will never come true.,This is a dream which/that will never come true.,The dog has been found. The dog was lost.,The dog which was lost has been found.,which / that 作主
5、语. (不能省),（作主语）,which / that 作宾语 ： （可省略）,This is the card. Ive just received the card.,This is the card which / that Ive just received.,( ),（作宾语）,关系代词who, that, whom引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who, that (作主语或宾语) whom (作宾语),who / that 作主语. (不能省),This is the film star. The film star is very popular i
6、n China.,This is the film star who is very popular in China. (作主语),/ that,who / whom / that 作宾语：( 可省略),The man is a famous writer.He described the man just now.,The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer. (作宾语）,The thief has been sent to prison.The police caught the thief l
7、ast night.,The thief whom the police caught last night has been sent to prison.,小结： that 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。 which指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.,who 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）,注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。,I,who am your English teacher,am strict with you. All that glitters is not gold.,考点二：
8、that和which的选择,(1) that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况引导词只用that，不用which。,当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，如：a. All that can be done has been done.b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender.,
9、 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时：,Ive read all the books (that) you gave me.,考点二：that和which的选择,先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。,This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.,This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.,先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。,That white flower is the
10、only one (that) I really like. This is the very book (that) I want to find., 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。如：,He talked about the teachers and schools （that） he had visited.,先行词是疑问词who, which, what 时，定语从句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引导。,考点二：that和which的选择,Who is the person that
11、is standing at the gate? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this? What that is on the table belongs to me?, 当关系代词在从句中作表语时：,Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.China is no longer the country that it used to be.,Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用于介词后，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。
12、1 She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it,考点二：that和which的选择,（2）只用which的情况,B,B,考点三：as与which引导的定语从句,对这两个词作如下归纳：,1、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用which.He failed
13、to the exam, as (=which) is natural.She seems a scientist, as (=which) in fact she is.Grammar is not a dead rule, which (=as) I have said before.,2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用which引导 定语从句。如：,As we all know, his parents were killed in the war.,As we all know, the earth is round.,3.用于the sameas,suchas，asas, so
14、as中，一般用as。 e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.,4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等。,He won the match, as we had expected.He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.The police were looking for
15、him, as he thought.,考点三：as与which引导的定语从句,Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.,5. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。 e.g. She has been late again, as was expected.Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.,6.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用wh
16、ich.,a. He cheated his friend of much money, which was very disgraceful. b. He came back late, which made his mother worried.,考点三：as与which引导的定语从句,This is such an interesting book _we all like it. This is so interesting a book _we all like it.,that,that,这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。,结果状语从句,as 的使用,This is such an in
17、teresting book _ we all like. This is so interesting a book _ we all like.,as,as,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。,定语从句,as 的使用,This is the same book as I lost.This is the same book that I lost.,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,as 的使用,The earth is round,_ we all know. _ is known to all, the earth is round _ is known to al
18、l that the earth is round. What is known to all is that the earth is round.,as,As,It,4 as 的使用,whose 作定语,表示所属关系。,The boy is my classmate.The boys father is a policeman.,The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.,There are in this class 20 students, _ are different. A.whose backgrounds B. Th
19、e backgrounds of whom C.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose,Whose 的使用,A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤儿). A. who B. whose C. whos D. which,关系副词： when/ where/why,when 作时间状语: She will never forget the day. She was married on that day.,She will never forget the day when
20、(=on which) she was married.,It was the year. The World War I broke out in the year.,It was the year when (= in which) the World War I broke out.,When = 介词 + which,where 作地点状语,I want to know the place. I was born there.,I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.,The table where (= at wh
21、ich ) she is sitting is a new one.,where = 介词 + which,why 作原因状语, 其先行词常常是the reason.,That is the reason why(= for which) Im late.,I know the reason why he said it.,why = for which,考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。,I will never forget the days (_ I stayed with you).,when,_
22、,_,Jurassic Park is about a park _ (a very rich man keeps different Kinds of dinosaurs).,_,_,where,1958 was the year _ (Spielberg made his first real film).,_,_,Please give me the reason _ (you made such a great success).,_,_,when,why,Morning is the best time _ (you practise reading aloud).,_,_,when
23、,Do you remember the lake _ (you first met your girlfriend.）,_,_,where,2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。,考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,Yesterday we went to visit the house _ (the great writer used to live).,_,_,where,in which,The house _ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.,whic
24、hthat /,_,_,Luckily none of the people _ ( I know) were killed in the earthquake.,who whomthat/,_,_,My father was born in the year _(the Second World War broke out).,_,_,in which,when,3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。,Kunming is a beautiful place _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).,where,October 1
25、st is the day _ ( new China was founded).,when,The window ( _ was opened this morning) has been broken.,Whichthat,The meeting ( _ will be held next week) is very important.,Whichthat,考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,考点四：关系代词前介词的确定,如何选定介词:,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会： e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often wr
26、ite articles?2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如： e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会： e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.,4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如： e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom ha
27、ve been to Beijing.,5. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如： e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.,They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.,考点四：关系代词前介词的确定,关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at+whi
28、ch, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。 eg. 1. I wont forget the date when( on which) I was born.2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.3. I dont know the reason why (for which) he havent come today.4. Tom still remembers the d
29、ays when (in which) they lived in Tianjin.,考点四：关系代词前介词的确定,5 when, where, why 与that, which 的区分,）Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park. ）Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you. ）Ill never forget the time _ was spent with you. ）This is the museum _I visited last year .,when,whichtha
30、t,whichthat,whichthat,3）、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词 搭配,This is our classroom , _ which there is a teachers desk.,in the front of,如何判断介词,2）、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配,He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.,with,如何判断介词,1）、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配,This is the book_ which you asked,注意：动词短语不能拆开 即介词不能提前
31、,for,The old man whom I am looking after is better .,如何判断介词,思考？,是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?,The painting (_ I looked) was painted by me.,at which,The book (_ I heard) was written twenty years ago.,about which,The pen (_ she wrote that book) can now be seen in a museum.,with which,Kunming is a beautiful p
32、lace _ ( flowers are seen all the year round).,where/in which,I will never forgot the day _ I first met you on the ship.,on which/when,during which,The film (_I fell asleep) was very boring.,结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语 时，才能用关系副词代替。,6 定语从句中的动词的数,He is the only one in his class who _ (have) got the
33、teachers praise He is one of the students in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise,has,have,关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词,Exercise 1 :用关系代词填空,The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister. I hate people _ talk much but do little. The car _
34、 my father bought last month is very beautiful.,who / that,which/ that,who / that,which / that,5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather. 6. Is there a student _ father is a business man? 7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years. 8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talke
35、d about just now.,whose,whose,which,that,当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.,Exercise 2.,My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember. Say all _ you know. Is there anything _ I can do for you?,that,that,that,当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.,
36、4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here. 5. This is the best novel _ I have read.,that,that,当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.,6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree? 7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.,当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.,that,that,Exercise,1
37、.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded. which B. when C. that D. on that2.Is that the reason _ you are for the plan.which B. what C. why D. for that,3.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded. A. which B. when C. that D. on that 4. Is this the place _ you were born? A. which B.where
38、 C.what D.that,1. Is this the place _ you were born? A. which B.where C.what D.that2. Is this the place _ some German friends visited last year? A. which B.where C.what D. why,3.The house _ the famous writer wrote his works is a museum now. A. which B.where C.what D.that4.The house _ the famous writ
39、er bought many years ago is a museum now. A. that B.where C.what D. why,5.He told her the reason_ he is unhappy, but she doesnt believe the reason _ he gives her. A. why; why B. why; which C. that; why D. which; why,Correct the sentences:,1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday. 2. The man
40、whom I spoke is from Canada. 3. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.,to,that,4. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.5. Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.,which,who,Correct the sentences:,6.This is the last time when Ive given you lessons. 7.
41、 The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.,that,why,Correct the sentences:,8. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.,gives,Correct the sentences:,9. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.10.The bike by which I travelled was his.,
42、as,on,Correct the sentences:,练习题,1、All_ is useful to us is good.,A、which B、what C、that D、whether,C,2、Is this factory _ we visited last week.,A、where B、that C、which D、the one,D,3、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.,A、when B、what C、which D、why,C,4、This is the school _ my fatherworked
43、20 years ago.,A、that B、when C、which D、where,D,5、This is the very factory_we visited last year.,A、that B、which C、what D、the one,A,6、The text is one of the most interesting stories_learnt in the past three days.,A、that have B、that have been C、which has D、which has been,B,7、The college wont take anyone
44、 _ eyesight is weak.,A、who B、whose C、of whom D、which,B,8、Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.,A、where B、that C、of whom D、which,A,9、The man _ you are talking is in the next room.,A、to whom B、about whom C、about who D、whom,B,10、This is the last factory _ he used to work at, m
45、any workers of _ stillhave a good relationship with him.,A、that; it B、which; whom C、that; which D、which; that,C,11、Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.,A、who B、who want C、what wants D、want,B,12、I，_ you good friend, will try my best to help you out.,A、who is B、what is C、what am D、w
46、ho am,D,13、His walking stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday.,A、that B、with which C、which D、without which,D,14、They have decided to finish their work, _, I think is a wise choice.,A、that B、what C、which D、whether,C,15、I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.,A、by that B、what C、by which D、/,D,16、This is the only thing _ I can do now.,A、what B、which C、that D、all,C,17、There are three libraries in our school, _ were built five years ago.,A、all of them B、either of them C、all of which D、both of that,C,18、He told me the reason _ he didnt come here.,
