1、V-ing 的非谓语动词用法教师版(2011-01-06 11:46:07) 转载标签：杂谈V-ing 在英语中可以看作是动名词和现在分词,它们都可以用作非谓语动词,在句中可以充当一定的句子成分。现将其可以充当的句子成分列表对照如下:一、V-ing 作动名词时具有名词的特征,因而在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语,有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语,也可以有时态和语态形式。如:1. 作主语、表语 动名词作主语和表语表示泛指。如:Toms not having finished his homework made his teacher angry. 汤姆没有完成作业使老师很生气.(主语)Her job
2、is keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是保持办公室清洁。(表语)2. 作宾语 动名词常跟在某些动词如 enjoy, finish, mind, cant help(禁不住), suggest(建议), advise, consider(考虑), practise, admit, imagine 等以及含介词的短语动词 insist on, stop.from, look forward to, pay attention to 等后面作宾语。如:Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这儿吸烟吗?3. 作定语 动名词作定语时表示被修饰词
3、的用途和作用。如:Dont forget to take a shopping basket with you. 别忘了带上购物篮子。二、V-ing 作现在分词时,它主要在句中充当定语、表语、宾补、主补及状语。如:1. 作定语 现在分词作定语时表示该动作正在进行。单个现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面.现在分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后。如:The rising sun looks very beautiful. 冉冉升起的太阳看上去很美。若被修饰词与现在分词是被动关系时,须用现在分词的被动式(being done)作定语。如:The song being broadcast is ver
4、y popular with the young students. 正在播放的歌曲深受青年学生的欢迎。现在分词与动名词作定语的区别:现在分词与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系,而动名词作定语表示作用与用途。如:Let sleeping dogs lie. 别招惹麻烦。(现在分词。相当于定语从句 which are sleeping)I think some sleeping pills may help you. 我想安眠药可以助你入睡。(动名词.表示用途,相当于 pills for sleeping)2. 作表语 现在分词作表语表示主语的性质,这时通常可以看作形容词,可以用very, so
5、或 much 等修饰。如:The news that our team had been beaten by them in the match was very surprising. 我们队在比赛中被他们打败的消息让人感到很意外。The sound we heard last night was so frightening. 我们昨晚听到的声音令人恐怖。现在分词作表语与现在分词用于进行时态表达的意义是不同的.作表语,说明主语具备的性质,描述的是一种状态;而与助动词 be 构成现在进行时态和过去进行时态则强调动作正在发生,侧重对动作的描述。试比较:Mr. Zhang is encourag
6、ing his students to study English thoroughly. 张老师在鼓励学生们学好英语.The book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣。3. 作宾语补足语 动词的现在分词作宾补表明宾语正在进行的动作。可以带现在分词作宾补的动词有 find, see, hear, watch, have, get, catch, keep, leave 等。如:When I came in, I found him lying in bed. 我进来时发现他躺在床上。4. 作状语 现在分词作状语可以表示伴随、原因、条件、结果等。如:All the stu
7、dents sat in the classroom, waiting for their new teacher to come. 所有的学生都坐在教室里等待新老师的到来。 (伴随)Not having received his reply, she decided to write a second letter. (由于)没有收到他的回信,她决定再写一封。 (原因)Seeing from the top of the hill, you can find the city more beautiful. (如果)从小山顶上看,你会发现这座城市更美丽。(条件)My parents went
8、 to a birthday party yesterday, leaving me alone at home. 昨天我父母去参加一个生日舞会,留下我一个人在家。(结果)值得注意的是,现在分词作状语时如果句中主语不是自己的逻辑主语,也可以带自己的主语,构成独立主格结构.此外, 现在分词也可以用在 with 的复合结构中表示其逻辑主语是分词动作的发出者。如:Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow. 如果明天天气允许的话,我们将去野餐。(独立主格结构)With a guide leading the way, we fou
9、nd the village easily. 由于有向导引路,我们轻易就找到了那个村庄。(含 with 的复合结构作状语)实践演练:D1. -You are brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well, now I regret _ that.A. to do B. to be doing C. have done D. having doneB2. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A. who prepars
10、B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparingC3.The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. having added B. to add C. adding D. addedC4. _ your homework, you mustnt listen to the music.A. When do B. When to do C. When doing D. When you doingB5.
11、 _ the idiom, he looked it up in the dictionary.A. Not learning B. Never having learned C. Having learned D. Having been learnedA6. It rained heavily, _ severe (严重的) flooding in the country.A. causing B. to cause C. caused D. being causedD7. Any driver _ a license ought to be punished.A. doesnt have
12、 B. having no C. has not D. not havingV-ing 形式可以用作句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语等。是历年高考题的考查热点。现选录部分高考题供练习。I.单项选择：( ) 1. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _“Sorry to miss you; will call later.“A. read B. reads C. to readD. readingD。 reading 在这里意为“内容是，上面写着“。限制性定语。相当于 which reads.。( ) 2. Th
13、e salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off.A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealingD。 catch sb.doing sth. /sb. be caught doing sth.撞上某人/某人被撞上在做某事，是常用句型。( ) 3. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found_in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smokedB。 find
14、sb. doing sth./ sb. be found doing sth.发现某人/某人被发现在做某事，是常用句型。( ) 4. The secretary worked late into the night_a long speech for the president.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing( ) 5. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _that he had enjoyed his stay her
15、e.A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added( ) 6. “Cant you read?“ Mary said to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing4-6 B，C，A。 V-ing 形式作伴随状语，与谓语动作同时发生。其逻辑主语是句子的主语。( ) 7. European football is played in 80 countries, _it the most popular sport
16、 in the world.A. making B. makesC. made D. to makeA。 V-ing 形式作结果状语。 making 可以改成 which makes.。 which 代替主句内容，是 making 的逻辑主语。( ) 8. Autumn _ on the leaves on the trees began falling.A. coming B. come C. comesD. was comingA。n./pron.+V-ing 形式构成独立主格结构。 用作状语，表时间、原因、条件等。这一句可以改成：When autumn came on.。( ) 9. I
17、n parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet _ at another person.A. pointed B. pointing C. points D. to be pointingB。 with+宾语+V-ing 形式构成 with 的复合结构，作状语，表动作在进行。feet 是pointing 的逻辑主语。( ) 10. She didnt remember _ him before.A. having met B. have met C. to meet D. to having metA。 forget, regret, remem
18、ber 等后接 V-ing 形式一般式或完成式，表动作已经发生；若接动词不定式一般式，则表示动作尚未发生。( ) 11. -I must apologize for _ ahead of time.-Thats all right.A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you knowB。V-ing 形式的否定式是 not doing.。( ) 12. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean
19、 in five days.A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed( ) 13. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling( ) 14. How about two of us _ a walk down the garden?A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be takingC，C，C。 V-ing 形式的复合结构是 sb./sb.s doi
20、ng.。作主语置句首用 sb.s doing.，其他情况用 sb./sb.s doing.。( ) 15. Mr Read made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children.A. set up B. setting upC. have set up D. having set upB。devote.to+n./V-ing 形式是固定结构。he had 是定语从句。( ) 16. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden.
21、A.visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking inB。同15。( ) 17. Before he went abroad he spent as much time as he _ English.A. could learning B. learnedC. to learn D. could learnA。 spend time (in) doing.是常用句型。 he could 是定语从句。( ) 18. You can hardly imagine the difficulty Mrs Jones had _ up her childr
22、en.A. brought B. to bring C. bringing D. to have broughtC。have difficulty/ fun/trouble/a hard time.(in)是常用句型。Mrs Jones had 是定语从句。B. 改错：19. Charles and Linda Mason do all these things as well as climbed buildings.climbedclimbing。 climb 与 do 并列；climbing 与 these things 并列。20. .and if you pay the cost o
23、f send a post card. sendsending。21. I want to thank you again for have me in your family. havehaving。22. I look forward to hear from you soon. hearhearing。20、21、22这三道题分别作介词 of, for, to 的宾语。介词宾语用名词、代词宾格、V-ing形式等。23. Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong. playplaying。24. .and watch TV demands very little effort.watchwatching。这两道题用 V-ing 形式短语作主语，表习惯性的动作。动词或动宾结构不能作主语。25. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper.talktalking。动词如 appreciate, enjoy, finish, imagine, mind 等要加名词或 V-ing 形式作宾语。
