1、 英语句子基本成分什么是句子？句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有“？ ！”I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is !现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject） 、谓语（predicate） 、表语（predicative） 、宾语（object） 、定语（attribute） 、 状语(adverbial)、补语（complement） 。1）主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主
2、题的部分一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe.They are good friends.句子成分练习题( 一 )(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last yea
3、r. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.2) 谓语：谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成They are teachers. She looks well.He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates.He can speak English.(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The day
4、s get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B
5、. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did
6、you give my book to?A. give B.did C. whom D. book3) 表语：表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面I am a teacher. She is happy.Everybody is here. They are at home now.My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing.(三) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried ab
7、out Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.4) 宾语: 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后She plays the piano. He often helps me.I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon.I think that he
8、 is good guy.(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the ga
9、te said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who “Father Christmas“ really is.划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week.
10、 Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?5) 宾语补足语：在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当If you let me go, Ill make you king. Leave the door open.We found John out when we
11、 arrived. Make yourself at home.I saw him enter the hall. The boss keeps them working all day.I heard my name called.(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call
12、me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?6) 状语：状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates, I mus
13、t study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. He is writing with a pen.(六) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm,
14、 Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.7) 定语： 定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语The black bike is mine.Whats your name? A broken vase.I have
15、5 books. A sleeping boy.They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack.I have something to do. It is a swimming pool.(七) 挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The ma
16、n downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!Exercise指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1.Whether well go depend on the weather .2. Peoples standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4.The nursery takes good care of our children .5.Ill return the bo
17、ok to you tomorrow .6.We are sure that we shall succeed .7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .8.There are many film that Id like to see.9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?10.I have a lot of work to do .11.Anyway I wont stop you from doing it .12.I said it in fun .13.W
18、e can send a car over to fetch you .14.She had to work standing up .15.Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .16.Much interested , he agreed to give it a try .17.The bus arrived ten minutes late .18.We should serve the people heart and soul.19.Spring coming on , the tree turned green .20.So
19、me farmers saw something strange in the sky .21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .22.Its strange that she doesnt come today .23.It was in the library that I come today .24.He likes drawing at times when he isnt working .25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the
