1、英语倒装句用法倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。1. 完全倒装 1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词，而非助动词） 。例如：In came the teacher and the class began. （老师走了进来，然后开始上课。 ）2) there 引出的完全倒装句：除了最常见的 there be 句型以外，there 还可以接 appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand 等，一般都译成 “有“的含义，构成完全倒装句。例如：There appeared to
2、be a man in black in the distance.（远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。 ）3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句：以地点副词 here, there 和时间副词 now, then 开头，后面的动词是 be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand 等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。例：Under that tree sits a beautiful girl.（那棵树下坐着一位美丽的姑娘。 ）2. 部分倒装1) 部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提
3、前。例：were she to leave right now, she would get there on Sunday.如果她立刻就走，她就能在星期天到达那里2) 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法：例：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.（小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。 ）3) 以否定副词开头并加状语的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有 barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely when, never, no sooner tha
4、n, rarely, no more, nor nearly, not only 等以及 only。Only in this way can we get in touch with them 注意：only 放在句首，强调主语时，语序不必倒装。Only Mr Wang knows about it 4) 由 no matter how, however 和 how 引导的状语从句要求部分倒装，因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在这三个引导词后面，然后才是主语和谓语，形成形式上的部分倒装句：例：I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how
5、wide nor how deep it is.（我一点也不了解这条河，不知道它有多长，多宽或多深。 ）5) 由 as 引导的部分倒装句：a) 当 as 作为比较意义时，即用于 as + adj./ adv. + as 结构中时，如果把第一个 as 省略掉，就形成部分倒装句 例：Cautious as the rest of her family (was) , she didnt seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.（正如她家里人一样谨慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。 ）小结：1.疑问句和特殊疑 问句要倒装Are
6、 you cold? Does he go to school by bike?注意若疑问词在句中作主语或主语的定语时，不倒装。Who is your English teacher? Whose father is a worker?2.There be 句型在 There+助动词/ 情态动词+be+主语+地点/时间的句型中，主 语在谓语 be 动词后面，因此这是倒装。There was not an underground in Beijing before. There are not many people who want to read this bookThere will be
7、 a basketball match this afternoon.注意这种倒装句在 There seems/happened/used/lived/came to be 等句型中也同样适用。There came the engineer.工程师来了。There happened to be a friend of mine in the park.碰巧在公园里有我的一个朋友。There once lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.在海边的一个村庄里曾经住着一个老渔民。3.直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，引述动词和它的主语有时装。
8、“May I come in and take a rest?” asked the pool girl. “Get out of the room!” shouted the angry woman.4.以 here, there, now, in ,out, up, down, away, then 等副词开头的句子中，句子要倒装，以示强调。习惯上，除以 then 开头的句子用过去时外，其余一般使用现在时。There goes the bell.铃声响了。There comes the bus! 汽车来了。Out rushed the children.孩子们冲出来了。Now comes
9、your turn.现在轮到你了。Then came a new difficulty.接着有个新难题。注意 在这种句型中，如果主语是代词时就不倒装。Here you are. There he comes. 5.虚拟语气条件从句中的 if 如果省略时，要把句中的 were, had, should 移至主语之前。If I were in your place, I wouldnt give it up.If I had known, I might have joined you in thediscussion.If you should be interested, I can lend
10、 you one.注意if 的省略、倒装只限于 if 引导的从句中用 were, had , should 这几个动词。6.在以 so 开头，表示上句中谓语所述情况也适用于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句中，表示“也一样”“也这样”的句子时要倒装。这种倒装的句型是：so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 他非常喜欢音乐，我也是。他们现在能游泳，我们也能。他看见了，我也看见了。我们昨天去看那部电影了，他们也是。注意 如果两句话叙述的是同一主体同一内容，即后句只是前句的重复时，则不要倒装。昨天很热。是的。他工作很努力。是的。明天是星期一。是的。7. 以 neither, nor 开头的句子，表示“也不这样”
11、时，句子倒装，其句型是：neither/nor+be/助动词/ 情态动词+主语我从来没有去过国外，他也是。 我没有读过这个故事，他也是。 第一个不好，第二个也不好。8.在以never, hardly, not only, nor, little, seldom, nowhere, not until, hardlywhen, no soonerthan, by no means 等表示否定或半否定意义的副词或词组开头的句子中，该句主谓要倒装。其句型是：否定或半否定的副词或词组+be/助动词/情态动词+ 主语我以前从未见过他。我想这几乎不可能。我们经常警告他们别做这件事。我们不但应该不怕困难，而
12、且要尽最大努力克服困难。我从来没有意识到水是如此珍贵。直到半夜雨才停。他们一到工厂就开始干活。9.only 在句首修饰一个状语或状语从句时，该句的住谓要倒装。句型 为 only+状语/状语从句+ be/ 助动词/情态动词+主语只是在 1918 年战争结束后他才能回到家乡。只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语。只在那时我才意识到自己错了。10.为了保持句子平衡，或 为 了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时，可以使用倒装。They arrived at a house, in front of which sat a small boy.In a big bed of a big room lies
13、a big man.倒装句练习1._tell me _to go there with me?A.They wont; why they dont want B. Could you; why wont they wantC. They wont; why dont they want D. Could you; why they dont want2.In the cottage _Uncle Tom many years ago.A. there lives B. there lived C. lived there D. lives there3.They had just taken
14、their seats, then _.A. the chairman came B. the chairman comes C. came the chairman D. comes the chairman4.Autumn coming, down _.A. fall the leaves B. do the leaves fall C. the leaves fall D. falling the leaves5.Listen, there _.A. goes the bell B. the bell goes C. going the bell D. the bell going 6.
15、Up into the sky _. A.went the light blue smoke B. the light blue went C. go the light blue smoke D. does the light blue smoke go7.Seeing the owner, away _.A. the thief ran B. the thief runs C. did the thief ran D. ran the thief8.-Excuse me, may I use your pen? -Certainly. _but, I put it in my room.A
16、.Here you are to the key B. Here is the key for my C. Here is the key to my room D. Here the sky is9.Hearing “Earthquake!” , out _. A. they rushed B. rushed they C. rushing they D. they rushing10._so hard, they wouldnt have won the game.A. Hadnt as they trained B. Hardly they trained C. Hadnt they t
17、rained D. Were they training11._so busy, I should come to help you.A. Were I not B. Was I not C. If I am not D. If I were no12.They didnt manage to do so. _.A. Neither do we B. Neither we do C. Neither we did D. Neither did we13.Not only _ those who lay behind, but we should try to help them.A.shoul
18、d we look down upon B. we should look down upon C. shouldnt we look down upon D. we shouldnt look down upon14.Not until noon _snowing.A. in the stopped B. did it stop C. had it stopped D. it stopped15.Only by this means _.A.we can hope to succeed B. can we hope to succeed C. can we hope to success D
19、. we can hope to success16._it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting.A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will17.Not until all the fish died in the river _how serious pollution was.A.did the villagers realize B. the villagers realize C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers
20、realize18.-Do you know Jim has been fired by his boss?-I dont know, _.A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also19.Only when I finish my homework _watch TV.A. I can be allowed to B. can I be allowed to C. I can be allowed D. can I be allowed20.On a hill in front o
21、f them _.A. stands a great castle B. a great castle stands C. stand a great castle D. a great castle stand21.Not a single song _at yesterdays party.A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing 22.No sooner _the telephone rang.A.had he got home then B. he had got home than C. had he got ho
22、me than D. he had got home then23.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _with each other.A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have the quarreled D. had they quarreled24.Nowhere else in the world _more friendly people than in China.A. you will find B. can you be able
23、 to find C. you may have found D. can you find25.He listened so carefully that not a single word _.A. he missed B. did he miss C. he never missed D. did he never miss26.We waited and waited. _we had been looking forward to.A. Then came the hour B. Then did the hour come C. The hour came D. The hour
24、then came27.Hardly _when it started raining.A. the game had began B. the game began C. did the game begin D. had the game begun28.So little _agree on the plan that they could not settle the difference.A.did they B. do they C. they did D. they did not 29.So _in the darkness that he didnt dare to move
25、 an inch.A. he was frightened B. was he frightened C. frightened he was D. frightened was he30.Only after I read the text over again _its main idea.A. that I knew B. did I know C. I could know D. I did know31.So excited _that he couldnt say a word.A. he seemed B. did he seem C. was he seeming D. he
26、did look32.Not until 2001 _back to his hometown.A. came he B. that he came C. did he come D. that he did come33.Little _when I took the trip and where it would lead me.A. have I know B. had I know C. do I know D. did I know34.-Why didnt you buy it?-_, nor did the color agree with me.A.Because the pr
27、ice was high B. Not only didnt if fit meC. For I disliked its materialD. Neither was the price satisfactory35.Not only _polluted but _crowded.A.was the city; were the streetsB. the city was; were the streets C. the city was; the streets were D. was the city; the streets were36.-Did she write anythin
28、g mire after that?-No, _anything.A. and she also didnt read B. but she didnt read C. nor did she read D. neither she read37.-I went to visit the Great Wall yesterday afternoon.-Oh, did you? _.A. So did I B. So I did C. Nor did I D. Neither I did38.Little _that she was seriously ill herself.A. was Su
29、san known B. knew Susan C. did Susan know D. Susan knew39._his appearance that no one could recognize him.A. Strange so was B. So strange was C. Was so strange D. So was strange40.On each side of the street _a lot of trees.A. are grown B. is standing C. grow D. stands 一、 为什么有倒装句？答：（1）、为了强调；（2）、句子结构（
30、句子平衡）的需要。二、 倒装句可分为两大类：（1）、部分倒装；（2）、全倒装。三、 倒装句种类分述：1 部分倒装（方法与一般疑问句一样：情态动词，原有助动词，添加助动词，动词be，动词 have + 主语 + 其他谓语 + -。为方便起见，我们把“情态动词，原有助动词，添加助动词，动词 be，动词 have”称作“ 操作词”）。需要部分倒装的情形如下：（1）、问句。（注意：疑问词做主语时除外）另外，特殊疑问句中若有插入语（do you think / suppose / guess / expect / believe / imagine）时，注意如下语序：What do you think
31、happened to him last night？（疑问词做主语）When do you suppose he will come back？（疑问词不做主语）What do you guess he is doing now？（疑问词不做主语）对比： Do you think he was lying then？ Do you know what he is doing？（2）、以做状语的否定副词或介词短语开头的句子（包括个别从句，如，He is so poor that never has he been abroad.）。常见的这类词语有：not 短语, never, hardly,
32、 scarcely, rarely, seldom, little, no longer, by no means(决不) = in no way = in no case = on no account = at no time, no where = at no point, not until-(主句倒装), no sooner-(倒装，过去完成时) than-(不倒装，过去时) = hardly/scarcely/rarely- when-. He listened so carefully that not a single word did he miss. （3）、如下几个重要句
33、型： 肯定句，so + 操作词 + 主语（表示“也-”）. 可转换成：肯定句. 另一个肯定句，too/as well. 否定句，neither/nor/no more + 操作词 + 主语（表示“ 也不-”, 若有多个主语,则只能用nor 来连接）. 可转换成：否定句. 另一个否定句，either. 练习: He will go to university, _. (她也一样) She doesnt play games on computer. _ . (他也一样不玩 ) We have decided not to go out this weekend. _. (他们也一样不出去) Th
34、e boy knows little English and _. (我也一样) He was unhappy. _. (她也一样) so will she, Nor/Neither/No more does he, So have they, nor do I, So was she. 特别地 All that is true, _. (我们也不可忘记) “Are you going there with us?” “If Mary wants to go, _. ”A. so will I B. so do I C. so I do D. I also go You havent seen
35、 it, _ have I, _ has Mike, _ has any other student. A. neither, neither, neither; B. nor, nor, nor; C. neither, neither, nor; D. neither, nor, nor nor must we forget about it, A, B. 注意： 以上句型, 前面部分与后面部分的主语都是不一致的; 若一致, 则表示强调, 不用倒装, 其句型为: 肯定句. So + 主语 + 操作词. 否定句. Nor + 主语 + 操作词.练习: Look, it isnt rainin
36、g any more. _. (确实如此) They work hard. _. (确实如此) There is a good film on at the cinema. _. (确实如此) There was nothing for Della to do but sell her hair. _. (确实如此) Nor it is, So they do, So there is, So Della did. 若前面部分（有时可能有两个或两个以上的句子），或主语不一致，或谓语不一致，或肯定和否定不一致; 或前后主语性质不一致 ; 则有“通用”句型： 前面部分. So it is / wa
37、s / will be with -. 前面部分. It is / was / will be the same with -. 练习: She is ready to help others and her stories are worth learning from. _. (她的姐姐也一样) It is the same with/So it is with her sister. John isnt a good student and doesnt do well in his subjects. _. (山姆也一样) It is the same with/So it is wi
38、th Sam. His house is not large but fine and nice. _. (小燕的房子也一样) A lot of fruit trees have been grown in their school. _. (我们学校也一样)（4）、以“Only + 状语（包括状语从句）”开头的句子（或个别从句）。如： He is too lazy so only in this way can we make him awake. Theyll still have a long way to go even if only in this way can they man
39、age to succeed.（5）、Not only + 分句（要倒装） + but also + 另一分句（不要倒装）.（6）、虚拟语气条件句中，若从句省略了 if，则可把 should，were，had 提到主语之前。(7)、在 “主语 + 谓语 + so/such - that 从句”中, 若把 “so/such -”句首, 则主句要倒装. 如: So fast did he run that we werent able to keep up with him. To such a degree was he excited that he wasnt able to sleep w
40、ell that night. (8)、以某些频度副词开头的句子。如： Often do we go there. Many a time has he given us good advice. Now and again does she help me. 2 全倒装(1)、There be / live / stand / lie etc. + 主语 + -. (2)、副词: Here / There / Now / Then / Thus / Out / In / Away / Down etc. + 谓语(常用一般时态) + 主语 + -. 如: Now comes(不用 is co
41、ming) your turn. Then began the new lessen. Thus ended the lesson. (3)、介词短语 + 谓语(常用一般时态) + 主语 + -. On the desk are a few books which belong to him. In the west of the school is / lies a football field, where students often play football after school. He has a single room in which is a table and a fe
42、w chairs. On the hillside is a house, in front of which stands a big tree. (4)、Such + be + 主语 + -. Such is our monitor. Such is the case. Such were her words.(5)、Long + live + 主语. 如: Long live China. 3 其他形式倒装（1）、 Late as/though it was，they continued the work. Much as/though she likes English, she li
43、kes Chinese better. Child as/though he was, he was able to do it by himself. Try as/though he might again, he failed. However hard she tried, she could hardly understand this. Whatever a good student he is, he still has shortcomings. （2）、分词短语 + be + 主语 (+ -). Watching the program of this kind are mo
44、stly children. Holding the secretarys hand is a farmers young daughter. Lying on the floor was a boy aged about eighteen. Standing behind me was our head teacher. Hidden underground was plenty of gold, silver, copper and so on. Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing cards. （3）、 May +
45、主语 + 动词原形 + -. (祝-) 如, May you succeed! = Wish you success! 练习1._can you expect to get a pay rise.(2001 春北京)AWith hard work BAlthough work hard COnly with hard work DNow that he works hard2Only when the war was over _ to his hometown.(2001 春上海)Adid the young soldier return B the young soldier return
46、edCreturned the young soldier D the young soldier did retur3. So difficult _ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well. A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel (2001 上海 )4. Not only interested in football but beginning to show an interest in
47、it. (2002 春上海)A. the teacher himself isall his students are B. the teacher himself isare all his studentsC. is the teacher himselfare all his students D. is the teacher himselfall his students are5. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither _ any end to their influence mans lives.(2004 广东)A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there 6 I would never ever come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!(2004 全国三) _.A. Nor am I B. Nei
