1、版权所有 请勿外传 长江大学地球科学学院 1Common Vocabulary of Sedimentology沉积学常用词汇Aabandoned channel 废弃河道abandoned delta 废弃的三角洲ablation breccia 消融角砾岩abrasion terrace 海蚀阶地absolute age 绝对年龄absorpting 吸附性absorption 吸收性abundance of trace element 微量元素丰度abyss(deep sea) 深海abyssal basin 深海盆地abyssal deposit 深海沉积abyssal facies
2、深海相abyssal ooze 深海软泥abyssal plain 深海平原abyssal subcompensational basin 深海欠补偿盆地accretion ripple 加积波痕accretion topography 加积地形accretional plain 加积平原accumulation terrace 堆积阶地ACD(aragonite compensation depth) 文石补偿深度acicular texture 针状结构acid sialic stage 酸性硅铝阶段active continental margin 活动大陆边缘active crust
3、活动地壳adhesion ripple 粘附波痕adhesion wart 粘附瘤痕advanced dune 前进沙丘aeolian dune facies 风成沙丘相aeolian ripple marks 风成波痕aeolian rock 风成岩agglomerate 集块岩agglomeratic texture 集块结构agglutinated grain texture 胶粒结构aggradation 加积作用air-heave structure 气胀结构aleuropelitic texture 粉沙泥质结构algal mat 藻席algal mound 藻丘algal ooi
4、d 藻鲕algal peloid 藻球粒algal reef 藻礁algal reef limestone 藻礁灰岩alkali lake 碱湖alkali-feldspar 碱性长石allitized stage 铝铁土阶段allochem 异化颗粒allochemical limestone 异化颗粒灰岩allochemical phosphorite 异化磷块岩allochthonous limestone 异地灰岩allochthonous phosphorite 异地磷块岩alluvial apron 冲积裙alluvial facies 冲积相alluvial fan 冲积扇all
5、uvial plain 冲积平原alluvial terrace 冲积阶地altered tuff 蚀变凝灰岩ammonoid 菊石类amorphous texture 胶状结构amphibian 两栖动物amygdaloidal structure 杏仁结构anadiagenesis 后生成岩作用analcimolith 方沸石岩analysis of rocks and minerals 岩矿分析angiosperm 被子植物angular 棱角状angular gravel 角砾版权所有 请勿外传 长江大学地球科学学院 2angular unconformity 角度不整合anhydri
6、te 硬石膏anhydrock 硬石膏岩anisotropic fabric 异向组构antecedent river 先成河Anthichnium 花趾迹antidune cross bedding 逆行沙丘交错层理apatite 磷灰石aphanitic texture 隐晶结构apparent age 表观年龄apposition fabric 同沉积组构aquatolysis 陆解作用aragonite 文石archaeocyathid 古杯类Archaeopteryx 始祖鸟Archean Era 太古代Arenicolites 沙蚤迹arenite 砂屑岩，净砂岩argillite
7、 泥板岩arid climate 干旱气候arkose 长石砂岩arsenopyrite 毒砂Arthropoda 节肢动物ascending springy 上升泉ash content 灰分ash fragment 灰屑asphalt 地沥青asphalt mound 沥青丘asphaltenes 沥青质assimilation 同化作用asymmetrical ripple 不对称波痕atoll 环礁atmosphere 大气圈aulacogen 拗拉谷authigenic mineral 自生矿物autunite 钙铀云母auxiliary mineral 次要矿物axis 地轴BB-
8、C sequence BC 层序back reef facies 礁后相back arc basin 弧后盆地backshore zone 后滨带backshore facies 后滨相back swamp 河漫沼泽back swamp facies 河漫沼泽相backward erosion 向源侵蚀backwash 回流bacteria 细菌bafflestone 障积岩baffling texture 障积结构bahamite 巴哈马石ball and pillow structure 砂球枕构造banded bedding 带状层理banded limestone facies 缎带灰
9、岩相bank reef 堤礁bank seismic facies 滩地震相barchan 新月型沙丘barite 重晶石barrier beach 障壁滩barrier bar 障壁沙坝barrier island 障壁岛barrier island system 障壁岛体系barrier reef 障壁礁，堡礁basal arkose 基底长石砂岩basal cementation 基底式胶结basal conglomerate 底砾岩basalt 玄武岩baselap 底超basement 基底basic rock 基性岩basinal lake 无口湖batholith 岩基bathy
10、metric map 等深线图bauxitic rock 铝土岩版权所有 请勿外传 长江大学地球科学学院 3bauxitic rocks 铝土岩类bayment 海湾bayment sediment 海湾沉积beach 海滩beach conglomerate 滨岸砾岩beach cusp 滩角beach environment and facies 海滩环境和相beach face 滩面beach facies 海滩相beach profile 海滩剖面beach ridge 滩脊beach ridge facies 海滩砂脊相beach rock 海滩岩beach system 海滩体系B
11、eaconites 灯塔迹bed 层bed load 床沙载荷bed migration 床沙迁移bed thickness 层厚bedding 层理bedding plane structures 层面构造bedding structures 层理构造bedform 床沙形态benthos 底栖动物beryl 绿柱石biaxial crystal 三轴晶bimodal cross bedding 双向交错层理bimodal current 双向流bimodal distribution 双峰分布binding texture 粘结结构bio-absorption 生物吸附bio-assimi
12、lation 生物吸收bio-diagenesis 生物成岩bio-mineralization 生物成矿biochemical deposition 生物化学沉积biochemical transportation 生物化学搬运biochemical weathering 生物化学风化biochron 生物时bioclast 生物碎屑bioclastic limestone 生物碎屑灰岩bioclastic sparite 亮晶生物碎屑灰岩bioclastic micrite 生物碎屑微晶灰岩biodeposition 生物沉积biofacies 生态相biofacies-paleogeog
13、raphic map 生物相古地理图biofixation 生物固定bioframework pore 生物骨架孔biogenic lamination structure 生物层理构造biogeochemistry(organic geochemistry) 有机地球化学bioherm 生物层biohermal facies 生物层相biohermal activity 生物活动biohermal community 生物群落biohermal marker 生物标志化合物biohermal trail 生物遗迹biohermal weathering 生物风化biomechanical d
14、eposition 生物机械沉积biomechanical transportation 生物机械搬运biophosphorite 生物磷块岩 biophysical weathering 生物物理风化biosphere 生物圈biostratigraphic unit 生物地层单位biostratigraphy 生物地层学biosurface 生物面biota 生物群biotite 黑云母bioturbation facies 生物扰动相bioturbation structure 生物扰动构造biozone 生物带bird fecal phosphorite 鸟粪石磷块岩bird-foot
15、 delta 鸟足状三角洲birdeye pore 鸟眼孔birdeye structure 鸟眼构造bitter lake 盐湖版权所有 请勿外传 长江大学地球科学学院 4bitumen 沥青bivalve 双壳类black shale 黑色页岩bladed 叶片状blister mat 泡状藻席blue-green algae(cyanophyte) 蓝绿藻body fossils 实体化石boehmite 一水软铝石boehmitic rock 一水铝土岩boghead coal 藻煤boracite 方硼石borax 硼砂boring 生物钻孔bottom cast 底模bottom
16、current 底流bottom current facies 底流相bottom mark 底痕bottom moraine facies 底积相bottom reef facies 礁底相bottom set 底积层boulder 漂砾boulder conglomerate 漂砾砾岩Bouma sequence 鲍马层序boundstone 粘结岩brachiopod 腕足动物brackish-water lake 半咸水湖braid index 游荡性指数braided river 辫状河breaker zone 碎浪带breccia 角砾岩broken stage 破碎阶段brown
17、 algae 褐藻bruise 撞痕brush cast 刷模bryophyte 苔藓植物bryozoan 苔藓虫类bubble impression 泡沫痕buildup 岩隆bulkrock analysis 全岩分析burrow 潜穴CC14 age method C14 法caking property 粘结性calcarenite 砂屑灰岩calcarenitic texture 砂屑结构calcareous cement 钙质胶结物calcareous concretion 钙质结核calcareous quartzarenite 钙质石英岩calcareous shale 钙质页
18、岩calcarenaceous turbidite facies 钙屑浊积岩相calcilutite 泥屑灰岩calcilutic texture 泥屑结构calcirudite 砾屑灰岩calcirutidic texture 砾屑结构calcisiltic texture 粉屑结构calcisiltite 粉屑灰岩calcite 方解石Caledonian movement 加里东运动caliche 钙结岩Cambrian Period 寒武纪cap reef facies 礁盖相capillary action dolomitization 毛细管浓缩白云化作用caprock 盖层cap
19、tured river 袭夺河carbonhydrate 碳水化合物carbon isotope 碳同位素carbonaceous shale 炭质页岩carbonate flysch suite 碳酸盐岩复理石建造carbonate grain 碳酸盐颗粒carbonate minerals 碳酸盐矿物carbonate platform 碳酸盐台地carbonate rocks 碳酸盐岩类carbonatite 碳酸岩Carboniferous Period 石炭纪版权所有 请勿外传 长江大学地球科学学院 5carnallite 光卤石cast solution pore 铸模孔catac
20、lasite 碎裂岩catagenesis 后生作用catagenetic concretion 后生结核catagenetic conglomerate 后生砾岩catagenetic dolostone 后生白云岩catagenetic mineral 后生矿物catastrophism 灾变论cathodoluminescence analysis 阴极发光分析cave deposit 洞穴沉积cave-collapse breccia 洞穴塌陷角砾岩CCD(calcite compensation depth) 方解石补偿深度CDT scale CDT 标准Ce anomaly 铈异常
21、celestine 天青石cement 胶结物cement textures 胶结物结构cementation 胶结作用cementing zone 胶结带Cenozoic Era 新生代center of subsidence 沉降中心cephalopoda 头足类chalcedony 玉髓chalk 白垩chalk carbonate suite 白垩碳酸岩建造chamosite 鲕绿泥石channel-fill facies 河道充填相channel bar 心滩chaotic carbonate facies 异地碳酸盐相chaotic sediment 混杂沉积物charophyte
22、 轮藻chemical analysis 化学分析chemical composition analysis 化学成分分析chemical sedimentary deposit 化学沉积矿床chemical sedimentary differentiation 化学沉积分异chemical structures 化学成因构造chemical weathering 化学风化chenier facies 千尼尔相chert 燧石岩chevron mark 锯齿痕chicken wire structure 鸡笼铁丝网构造Chirotherium 掌趾迹chlorite 绿泥石Chondrich
23、thyes 软骨鱼类Chondrites 均分潜迹chronostratigraphic unit 年代地层单位chronostratigraphy 年代地层学chute 串沟chute cut-off 串沟截直cirque 冰斗classic tectonics 经典大地构造学clast 碎屑clastic material 碎屑物质clastic composition analysis 碎屑成分分析clastic mineral 碎屑矿物clastic model 碎屑模型clastic texture 碎屑结构clay 粘土clay mineral 粘土矿物claystone 粘土岩c
24、limate 气候climatic arkose 气候长石砂岩climbing ripple 爬生波痕climbing ripple cross lamination 爬升沙纹层理clot 凝块石cluster analysis 聚类分析CM plot C-M 图coal 煤coal geology 煤田地质学coal-accumulating process 聚煤作用coal-forming process 成煤作用coalification 煤化作用版权所有 请勿外传 长江大学地球科学学院 6coaly monoterrigenous suite 单陆屑含煤建造coarse conglom
25、erate 粗砾岩coarse sand 粗砂coarse silt 粗粉砂coarse siltstone 粗粉砂岩coast 海岸coast line 岸线coastal bay system 湾岸体系coastal lake area 滨湖区coastal lake facies 滨湖相coastal plain 海岸平原coastal reef 岸礁coastal topography 海岸地形coated grain 包粒 coated grain phosphorite 包粒磷块岩cobble 粗砾coccolith 颗石藻cocks comb structure 鸡冠状构造coe
26、fficient of the distribution 分配系数Coelenterata 腔肠动物coking coal 焦煤coking property 结焦性cold climate 寒冷气候cold water carbonate 冷水碳酸盐collapse breccia 滑塌角砾央colloform mat 胶状藻席colloid solution 胶体溶液collophane 胶磷矿compaction 压实作用complex delta 复合三角洲compositional maturity 成分成熟度compound ooid 复鲕compound ripple 复合波痕c
27、ompound structures 复合成因构造comprehensive terms 综合术语concave flood plain 河漫滩concavo-convex contact 凹凸接触concretion 结核condensed section 凝缩层cone-in-cone structure 叠锥构造conformity 整合conglomerate 砾岩conglomerates 砾岩类connecting texture 连生构造conodont 牙形石类consequent river 顺向河consolidation 固结作用constructive delta 建设
28、性三角洲contact cementation 接触式胶结contact metamorphism 接触变质contemporaneous concretion 同生结核contemporaneous conglomerate 同生砾岩continental crust 陆壳continental drift hypothesis 大陆漂移说continental glacier 大陆冰川continental growth 大陆增生continental rift 大陆裂谷continental rise 陆隆continental slope 陆坡contour current 等深流co
29、ntourite 等深积岩（等深岩）contourite drift 等深岩丘contourite facies 等深积岩相convergent margin 会聚边缘convolute bedding 包卷层理coppery carbonate rock 含铜碳酸盐岩coppery conglomerate 含铜砾岩coppery rock 铜质岩coppery rocks 铜质岩类coppery sandstone 含铜砂岩coppery shale 含铜页岩coquina 介壳灰岩coral 珊瑚coral reef 珊瑚礁coral reef limestone 珊瑚礁灰岩coral
30、reef facies 礁核相版权所有 请勿外传 长江大学地球科学学院 7correlative analysis 相关分析coset 层系组Cosmorhaphe 丽线迹country rock 围岩cover 盖层crack 裂隙crater lake 火口湖cratonic basin 克拉通盆地 crawling trail 爬行迹CRER(Cretaceous Events and Rhythms) 白垩纪事件与韵律Cretaceous Period 白垩纪crevasse splay 决口扇crevasse-splay facies 决口扇相Crinoid 海百合类cristoba
31、lite 方英石cross bedding 交错层理cross bedding orientation 交错层理定向crude oil 原油Cruziana 克鲁兹迹Cruziana assemblage 克鲁兹迹组合cryptograin texture 隐粒结构Cryptozoic Eon 隐生宙crystal cast 晶体印模crystal fragment 晶屑crystal grain texture 晶粒结构crystal optics 晶体光学crystal tuff 晶屑凝灰岩crystallized ooid 变晶鲕crystalline dolostone 结晶白云岩cr
32、ystalline granular texture 晶粒结构crystallization differentiation 结晶分异作用crystallo petrology 结晶岩石学crystalloblastic texture 变晶结构cumulative frequency curve 频率累积曲线cumulative probability curve 概率累积曲线current mark 流痕current ripple 流水流痕current ripple cross lamination 流水沙纹层理current rose 流水玫瑰花图curty bedding 卷曲层理
33、curved ripple 扭曲波痕cuspate delta 鸟嘴状三角洲cut-off 裁弯取直cutoff basin 封闭盆地cycle sequence 旋回层序cyclostratigraphy 旋回地层学Cylindrichnus 柱管迹Cylindricum 柱形迹Ddammed lake 堰塞湖damp climate 潮湿气候debris flow 泥石流debris flow facies 泥石流相decomposition 分解作用dedolomitization 去白云化作用deep lake area 深湖区deep lake facies 深湖相deep wate
34、r lagoon 深水泻湖deep-water basin 深水盆地deep-water environment 深水环境deep-water shelf 深水陆棚deep-water system 深水沉积体系deformation 变形deformation fabric 形变结构degradation 降解作用degypsification 去膏化作用dehydration 脱水作用delta 三角洲delta environment and facies 三角洲环境和相delta front 三角洲前缘delta lobate 三角洲叶状体delta plain 三角洲平原delta
35、plain facies 三角洲平原相delta system 三角洲体系版权所有 请勿外传 长江大学地球科学学院 8deluvial facies 坡积相deluvial zone 坡积带density current 密度流denudation 剥蚀作用depocenter 沉积中心depositional bauxitic rock 沉积型铝土岩depositional cycle 沉积旋回depositional plain 沉积平原depositional system 沉积体系depositional system analysis 沉积体系分析desert 沙漠desert en
36、vironment and facies 沙漠环境和相desert facies 沙漠相desert lake 沙漠湖泊desert lake facies 沙漠湖泊相desert system 沙漠体系desert varnish 沙漠漆destructive delta 破坏性三角洲determination of rocks and minerals 岩矿鉴定deviation ooid 偏心鲕development in sedimentology 沉积学进展Devonian Period 泥盆纪diagenesis 成岩作用diagenetic concretion 成岩结核diag
37、enetic conglomerate 成岩砾岩diagenetic crack 成岩裂隙diagenetic dolostone 成岩白云岩diagenetic environment 成岩环境diagenetic mineral 成岩矿物diagenetic trap 成岩圈闭diagonal bar 斜列沙坝diagonal bedding 斜层理diamictite 混积岩diapiric structure 底辟构造diara 沙洲diaspore 一水硬铝石diastem 沉积停顿diatactive varve 粒度递变纹泥diatom 硅藻diatom ooze 硅藻软泥dia
38、tomite 硅藻岩diatreme breccia 爆发角砾岩dickite 地开石Dictyodora 网锥迹differential thermal analysis 差热分析differential weathering 差异风化Dikaka 双叉迹dike 岩脉Dinosaur 恐龙dip 倾向Diplichnites 双趾迹Diplocraterion 双环迹direct runoff 地表径流dirty sandstone 脏砂岩discriminant analysis 判别分析dish structure 盘状构造disorganized 乱杂型disorganized be
39、dding 紊乱层理dispersal system 分散系dissected basin 切割盆地dissolution 溶解dissolved load 溶解载荷dissolved material 溶解物质dissolving zone 溶解带distal bar 远砂坝distal bar facies 远砂坝相distal facies 远源相distal fan 外扇distal onlap 远端上超distal turbidite 远源浊积岩distorted ooid 变形鲕distributary 分流distributary backswamp facies 分流河道河漫沼
40、泽相distributary channel 分流河道distributary channel facies 分流河道相版权所有 请勿外传 长江大学地球科学学院 9distributary levee facies 分流河道堤岸相distributary mouth bar 河口砂坝distributary mouth bar facies 河口砂坝相distribution of REE 稀土元素分配distribution of trace element 微量元素分配distrophic lake 缺养湖disturbed bedding 扰动层理dolarenite 砂屑白云岩doll
41、 concretion 钙结核dololaminite 纹层状白云岩dololutite 泥屑白云岩dolomicrite 微晶白云岩dolomite 白云石dolomitic limestone 云灰岩dolomitic phosphorite 白云质磷块岩dolomitization 白云石化作用dolomitized limestone 白云化灰岩dolorudite 砾屑白云岩dolosiltite 粉屑白云岩dolostone 白云岩dolostone evaporite suite 白云岩型蒸发岩建造dolostones 白云岩类domelike stromatolite 穹状叠层
42、石dorag dolomitization 混合白云化作用double mud drapes 双粘土层downcutting 下切作用downlap 下超downslope ripple 下移波痕draa 臂状沙丘drainage basin 流域drainage system 水系drift dam 冰碛坝drift plain 冰碛平原drowned platform 沉没台地drowned valley 溺谷drusy texture 丛生结构dune 沙丘dune facies 沙丘相dwelling trail 居住迹Eearly diagenesis 早期成岩作用earth 地球e
43、arths core 地核earths crust 地壳earths mantle 地幔Echinoderm 棘皮动物Echinoid 海胆类ecology 生态学economic geology 经济地质学edgewise structure 竹叶状构造effusive rock 喷出岩Eh value Eh 值electronic probe analysis 电子探针分析elevated crust 抬生地壳eluvial breccia 残积角砾岩eluvial facies 残积相eluvial zone 残积带embayment 海湾enclosed sea 封闭海end mora
44、ine facies 终冰碛相end peneplain 终期准平原endobiont 内栖动物endogenetic sediments 内成沉积物endogenic deposit 内生矿床endorheic basin 内流盆地Eocene Epoch 始新世eolian basin 风蚀盆地eolian cross bedding 风成交错层理eolian dune 风成沙丘eolianite 风成岩eonothem 宇epeiric sea 陆表海epibionts 底表生物epidiagenesis 表生成岩作用版权所有 请勿外传 长江大学地球科学学院 10epidiageneti
45、c environment 表生成岩环境epigenesis 表生作用epigenetic concretion 表生结核epigenetic deposit 后生矿床epiglyph 顶面痕epimatrix 外杂基epoch of mineralization 成矿期epsilon cross bedding 交错层理epsomite 泻利盐equant 等轴状erathem 界erosion 侵蚀作用erosional basis 侵蚀基准面erosional plain 侵蚀平原erosional terrace 侵蚀阶地erosional topography 侵蚀地形escape
46、structure 逃逸构造esker 蛇形丘essential mineral 主要矿物estuarine facies 河口湾相estuary 河口湾ething mark 刻蚀痕eugeosyncline 优地槽euryhaline environment 广盐度环境euryhaline lagoon 广盐泻湖euryhaline organism 广盐性生物eurythermal organism 广温性生物eutrophic lake 兹养湖evaporation 蒸发作用evaporite 蒸发岩evaporite platform 蒸发盐台地evaporite-solution
47、breccia 盐溶角砾岩evaporites 蒸发岩类evaporitive pumping dolomitization 蒸发泵白云化作用excrement 排泄物exinite 壳质组exogenetic sediments 表成沉积物experimental sedimentology 实验沉积学explanation for orientation 定向解释Ffabric 组构fabric of carbonate rock 碳酸盐岩组构fabric of claystone 粘土岩组构facies 相facies arrangement 相排列facies association
48、相组合facies belt 相带facies change 相变facies fossil 指相化石facies group 相组facies map 相图facies mineral 指相矿物facies model 相模式facies province 相区facies sequence 相序列fan-shaped delta 扇形三角洲faro 小环礁fault 断层fault basin 断陷盆地fauna 动物群fecal peloid 粪球粒feeding trail 进食迹feldspar 长石feldsparthic litharenite 长石岩屑砂岩feldsparthi
49、c quartzarenite 长石石英砂岩felty structure 毡状构造fenestral structure 窗孔构造ferroalumino suite 铝土铁质建造ferrodolomite 铁白云石ferromanganese concretion 铁锰结核ferruginous cement 铁质胶结物ferruginous quartzarenite 铁质石英砂岩ferruginous rocks 铁质岩类ferruginous rock 铁质岩版权所有 请勿外传 长江大学地球科学学院 11ferruginous shale 铁质页岩fibrous texture 纤状构造fille
