1、Comment U1: 细节题，问radioactivity和 steam的关系，所以找双关键词，分别定位至本段第一句和最后一句，第一句说radioactivity提供了地球的内热，最后一句说水变成蒸汽到达地表，水受热才能蒸汽，而这份热量是geothermal energy提供的，这就是二者的关系，所以答案是C。A 的水暴露在 radioactive underground时候 steam产生没说；B水变成 radioactive没说；D 的radioactivity产生蒸汽更不靠谱Comment U2: practical实际的，可用的，答案是 A的 usable，此题简单，B 的 plen
2、tiful大量 C的economical节省和 D的 familiar熟悉完全不对Comment U3: abundant大量的，充足的，所以答案是 C的plentiful，我怀疑这个题的选项是不是跟上一道题弄混了，待定。不过 C肯定是对的。此题也较简单，其他答案完全不沾边，不会的各位最好认真背单词了Comment U4: 以 80到 180度做关键词定位至第一句，说最丰富的 geothermal energy是在 80到180度范围内的，所以同义替换是 B的 more common than higher temperature。 A的 international control原文没说；
3、C与本段第二句说反；D 在本段没提，但下一段说高于 180度的可以用来发电，所以 D说反了TPO 21Q1 According to the processes described in paragraph 1, what is the relationship between radioactivity and the steam produced by geothermal heat?A Geothermally heated steam is produced when water is exposed to radioactivity deep underground.B When w
4、ater is introduced into holes drilled thousands of feet in the ground, it becomes radioactive and turns to steam.C Radioactivity heats Earths interior rock, which in turn can heat water to the point becomes steam.D When a reservoir of steam in subsurface rock is produced by radioactivity, it is said
5、 to be geothermally heated.Q2 The word “practical ”in the passage is closest in meaning to A usableB plentifulC economical D familiarParagraph 2Q3 The word “abundant” in the passage is closest in meaning to A economicalB familiarC plentiful D usefulQ4 According to paragraph 2, which of the following
6、 is true about heat reservoirs with a temperature in the range of 80to 180centigrade?A They are under international control.B They are more common than reservoirs that have a higher temperature.C Few of them produce enough heat to warm large industrial spaces.D They are used to generate electricity.
7、Geothermal EnergyEarths internal heat, fueled by radioactivity, provides the energy for plate tectonics and continental drift, mountain building, and earthquakes. It can also be becomes available in a practical form when underground heat is transferred by water that is heated as it passes through a
8、subsurface region of hot rocks (a heat reservoir) that may be hundreds or thousands of feet deep. The water is usually naturally occurring groundwater that seeps down along fractures in the rock; less typically, the water is artificially introduced by being pumped down from the surface. The water is
9、 brought to the surface, as a liquid or steam, through holes drilled for the purpose.By far the most abundant form of geothermal energy occurs at the relatively low temperatures of 80to 180centigrade. Water circulated through heat reservoirs in this temperature range is able to extract enough heat t
10、o warm residential, commercial, and industrial spaces. More than 20,000 apartments in France are now heated by warm underground water drawn from a heat reservoir in a geologic structure near Paris called the Paris Basin. Iceland sits on a volcanic structure known as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Reykjavik
11、, the capital of Iceland, is entirely heated by geothermal energy derived from volcanic heat.Comment U5: 又是一个问两者关系的题，找双关键词，定位至第三句，说 natural hot water和natural steam仅存在于那些地点，地表水通过 fault或者 fracture渗到地下，碰到被加热的 blabla，答案明显是 D。A 说 fault使 heat跑上来，和原文的方向说反了，原文是水跑下去；B 说 steam创造了 fault完全不靠谱； C的steam被 trap原文没说
12、Comment U6: 修辞目的题，先读例子所在句，只是细节，按照常规应该往前看，但前一句已经在上题看过，与答案无关，所以往下看，而且看下一句另外一个原因是因为代词 this，下句说 G经历了 30年的运作，已经显示衰败迹象，可能是因为过度开发，所以答案是 C，A 和 B的内容原文没提；D 本身也是个细节Comment U7: 此题用排除法更快，A与第二段首句说反，错；第二段只是说 geothermal energy可以用来加热 building，没说most， B错； C和 D都可以从两段的首句看出来，第二段说最多的是在 80到 180度，第三段说发电需要 180度以上，所以发电比别的温度高
13、，D 对，C 说反Paragraph 3Q5According to paragraph 3, what is the connection between underground faults and naturally occurring steam?A Underground faults enable the heat from molten-rock material to escape upward to regions where it can heat surface water enough to produce steam.B Underground faults are
14、created by steam that is produced in geothermal reservoirs deep inside Earth.C Underground faults create spaces in which natural steam is sometimes trapped.D Underground faults allow surface water to reach deep rocks that are hot enough to turn it into steam.Q6In paragraph 3, why does the author men
15、tion that in the 1990s the Geysers was in its third decade of production?A To provide the historical context of the geothermal production of electricity in the United StatesB To imply that the Geysers was the first geothermal site to be put into production in CaliforniaC To help explain the signs of
16、 decline shown by the GeysersD To explain why 70 new geothermal sites were put into electricity production in the late 1990sQ7Which of the following can be inferred from paragraphs 2 and 3 about geothermal reservoirs?A Volcanic heat is associated only with geothermal reservoirs that have a temperatu
17、re over 180centigrade.B More countries produce power from geothermal reservoirs than use them for heating buildings.C Most geothermal reservoirs are suitable fro producing electricity.D A higher geothermal reservoir temperature is needed to generate electricity than is needed to heat homes.Q8Geother
18、mal reservoirs with temperatures above 180centigrade are useful for generating electricity. They occur primarily in regions of recent volcanic activity as hot, dry rock; natural hot water; or natural steam. The latter two sources are limited to those few areas where surface water seeps down through
19、underground faults or fractures to reach deep rocks heated by the recent activity of molten rock material. The worlds largest supply of natural steam occurs at the Geysers,120 kilometers north of san Francisco, California. In the 1990s enough electricity to meet about half the needs of San Francisco
20、 was being generated there. This facility was then in its third decade of production and was beginning to show signs of decline, perhaps because of over development. By the late 1990s some 70 geothermal electric-generating plants were in operation in California, Utah, Nevada, and Hawaii, generating
21、enough power to supply about a million people. Eighteen countries now generate electricity using geothermal heat.Comment U8: 整个问题做关键词定位至第一句，说从 hot, dry rock抽热量是特别难的，必须先fracture rock，水也要人工引入，所以答案是 A。D 没说，B 和 C原文确实有说，但没有回答为什么难，也就是那种答非所问选项，所以也不对Comment U9: exploit开发，利用，剥削压榨，所以 C的 making use of正确。原文说人们正
22、在实践新的技术来怎么样这种资源，B 很显然不对，资源如果想加就加那就好了；A 定位和 D估计数量都太初级了，而且现在的技术就可以定位和算储量，明显不应该是under wayComment U10: 又是一个问两者关系的题，本来应该找双关键词，但这段实在太短，找关键词还不如读完，快速扫完之后发现这两件事情都是由于开采地下水引起的问题，而且最后一句说如果不把地下水补充回去就会有问题，所以答案是 A。两个问题之间是并列关系，既没有比较也没有因果，所以 B和 C都不对；D 的dissolved溶解原文没说，也不对Comment U11: 原句的结构是geothermal energy是不 renewa
23、ble的，因为 blabla，所以前面的结果一定要有，A 和 D排除；原句的原因中有一个比较，说 draw out比 replace的快，C 重现了这个比较，B 没有，所以正确答案是 CAccording to paragraph 4, extracting heat from very hot, dry rocks is difficult in part because A The underground rock must be fractured before heat can be removed from it.B The water above the rock is under
24、 very high pressureC The rock breaks apart when water is pumped into itD The water circulated through the rock must be much cooler than the rock itselfQ9The word “exploiting” in the passage is closest in meaning to A locatingB increasing C making use of D estimating the size of Q10How is the problem
25、 that the surface man sink related to the problem that water heated geothermally may contain toxic materials ?A Both problems could be solved by returning groundwater that is removed from an underground heat reservoir back to the reservoir after heat is extracted from it .B The problem of sinking is
26、 more difficult to solve than is the problem of toxic materials.C Land at the surface sinks because the rock beneath the surface is weakened when salts and toxic materials are removed from it in the process of extracting geothermal energy.D Both problems are caused by the fact that the hot groundwat
27、er in a heat reservoir dissolves the rock, which weakens the rock and makes the water toxic with salt.Q11Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential inf
28、ormation.A Heat flows through solid rock very slowly, so it takes Extracting heat from very hot, dry rocks presents a more difficult problem: the rocks must be fractured to permit the circulation of water, and the water must be provided artificially. The rocks are fractured by water pumped down at v
29、ery high pressures. Experiments are under way to develop technologies for exploiting this resource.Like most other energy sources, geothermal energy presents some environmental problems. The surface of the ground can sink if hot groundwater is withdrawn without being replaced. In addition, water hea
30、ted geothermally can contain salts and toxic materials dissolved from the hot rock. These waters present a disposal problem if they are not returned to the ground from which they were removed.The contribution of geothermal energy to the worlds energy future is difficult to estimate. Geothermal energ
31、y is in a sense not renewable, because in most cases the heat would be drawn out of a reservoir much more rapidly than it would be replaced by the very slow geological processes by which heat flows through solid rock into a heat reservoir. However, in many places (for example, California, Hawaii, th
32、e Philippines, Japan ,Mexico, the rift valleys of Africa) the resource is potentially so large that its future will depend on the economics of production. At present, we can make efficient use of only naturally occurring hot water or steam deposits . Although the potential is enormous, it is likely
33、that in the near future geothermal energy can make important local contributions only where the resource is close to the user and the economics are favorable, as they are in California, New Zealand, and Iceland. Geothermal energy probably will not make large-scale contributions to the world energy b
34、udget until well into the twenty-first century, if ever.Comment U12: 修辞目的题，先读细节所在句，说在这些资源如此充足的地方，资源的利用前景取决于 economies of production生产经济，四个答案中只有 A提到了开采是否划算的问题，所以答案是 A。B 和 D原文直接没说；C跑到最后一句去了，跟例子也没什么关系，注意倒数第二句MS也有例子，但是题目问的不是那个Comment U13: 这道题有一个过渡点就够了，in either case 说明正确插入点之前必须有两种情况，直接确定 B，因为之前有 usually
35、和 less typically两种情况Comment U14: Heat选项对应原文第二段，正确；注意不要因为温度和国家把这个选项当成细节，即使当成细节，也可以凭其他选项都不对的排除法解决Most heat选项与原文第三段首句说反，不选Experiments选项 MS对应原文第四段最后一句，但原文说的是利用热能，不是矿物，所以这个选项不选A number of countries选项对应原文第三段首句，正确；注意不要因为温度把这个选项当成细节The sinking选项不知所云，好像有语法错误，不知道是不是我的TPO版本问题，但即使这个选项语法没问题，说的也应该是第五段的细节，或者是干脆没说，
36、所以不选A number of issues选项对应原文第六段，正确a very long time for geological processes to produce a reservoir of geothermal energy.B Geothermal energy is not renewable because heat flows very slowly through solid rock into of our of a heat reservoir.C The heat quickly removed from a heat reservoir is replaced
37、so slowly by geological processes that geothermal energy is not, practically speaking, renewable.D In most cases, heat travels into a heat reservoir so slowly that it is a much quicker process to remove the heat from a reservoir than to replace it.Q12In paragraph 6, the author implies that in Califo
38、rnia, Hawaii, the Philippines, Japan, Mexico, and the rift valleys of Africa the potential size of the geothermal resource is so large thatA It might be economically worth developing these sites even though geothermal energy is not renewableB These sites will be the first geothermal energy sites to
39、be developed with new technology.C These sites are likely to make a large-scale contribution to the world energy budget in the twenty-first centuryD It does not matter whether they have naturally occurring deposits of hot water or steam.Q13Look at the four squaresthat indicate where the following se
40、ntence could be added to the passage.In either case, the heated water will usually be under considerable pressure, and so may have a temperature that is well above its sea-level boiling point of 100centigrade.Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.Q14
41、Heat reservoirs in the form of hot rock far beneath Earths surface are a potential source of usable geothermal energy.Earths internal heat, fueled by radioactivity,provides the energy for plate tectonics and continental drift, mountain building, and earthquakes. It can also be harnessed to drive ele
42、ctric generators and heat homes. Geothermal energy becomes available in a practical form when underground heat is transferred by water that is heated as it passes through a subsurface region of hot rocks (a heat reservoir)that may be hundreds or thousands of feet deep. Thewater is usually naturally
43、occurring groundwater that seeps down along fractures in the rock; less typically, the water is artificially introduced by being pumped down from the surface. The water is brought to the surface, as a liquid or steam, through holes Answer choicesA Heat reservoirs with a temperature from 80to 180 cen
44、tigrade can be used, as in France and Iceland, to heat buildings.B Most heat reservoirs with a temperature above 180 Centigrade cannot be used for energy because they are usually too close to recent volcanic activity.C Experiments are under way to determine if geothermally heated waters could be use
45、d as a source of certain minerals that have been dissolved out of hot rocks deep within Earth.D A number of countries now use geothermal reservoirs that contain water or steam above 180centigrade to generate electricity.E The sinking of land above heat reservoirs and water is pumped into a heat rese
46、rvoir under high pressure.F A number of issues, including how to extract heat from reservoirs that do not have a natural supply of water , will significantly limit the use of geothermal energy for the foreseeable future.drilled for the purpose. By far the most abundant form of geothermal energy occu
47、rs at the relatively low temperatures of 80to 180centigrade. Water circulated through heat reservoirs in this temperature range is able to extract enough heat to warm residential, commercial, and industrial spaces. More than 20,000 apartments in France are now heated by warm underground water drawn
48、from a heat reservoir in a geologic structure near Paris called the Paris Basin. Iceland sits on a volcanic structure known as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, is entirely heated by geothermal energy derived from volcanic heat.Comment U15: option选择，选项，所以 A的 choice正确。代入原文，说尽
49、管游牧民族有什么能到处 搬家，但到了农耕时代这个就很难，benefit 和 idea明显不行，如果只是 experience的话，即使到了农耕时代 experience也不难，反正就是体验一下嘛，所以experience不对Comment U16: EXCEPT题，排除法。A 的 healthier lifestyle做关键词定位至最后一句，说游牧生活更健康，所以 A对，不选；B的 knowledge of plants and animals做关键词定位至第二句，原文说在 knowledge比较丰富的人们当中农业发展起来，但 MS不能凭这个推出游牧生活的人知识就少，所以 B错，选；C 的storage做关键词定位至第四句，说农业需要 develop storage method，所以游牧民族 storage能力不那么好，C 对，不选；D的 specific location定位至倒数第二句，而且根据上题的答案，这个明显对，不选Comment U17: therefore因此，所以正确答案是 D的 as a result。此题简单，A 理论上说 B明显 C频繁都不对Comment U18: 问全段如何组织，看开头，注意，一开头作者就说tr
