1、2018届吉林省长春市高三一模考试英语试题（解析版）第卷第一部分 听力（1-20 小题）在笔试结束后进行。第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40分）第一节（共 15小题；每小题 2分，满分 30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AExhibitions in the British MuseumHokusai: beyond the Great WaveKatsushika Hokusai (1760-1849) is widely regarded as one of Japans most famous and influ
2、ential artists.He produced works of astonishing quality right up until his death at the age of 90.This new exhibition will lead you on an artistic journey through the last 30 years of Hokusais lifea time when he produced some of his most memorable masterpieces.25 May13 August 2017Room 35Adults12,Mem
3、bers/under 16s freePlaces of the mind: British watercolour landscapes 1850-1950Drawn from the British Museums rich collection,this is the first exhibition devoted to landscape drawings and watercolours by British artists in the Victorian and modern erastwo halves of very different centuries.23 Febru
4、ary27 August 2017Room 90Free,just drop inScythians: warriors of ancient SiberiaThis major exhibition explores the story of the Scythiansnomadic tribes and masters of mounted warfare,who flourished between 900 and 200 BC.Their encounters with the Greeks,Assyrians and Persians were written into histor
5、y but for centuries all trace of their culture was lostburied beneath the ice.14 September 201714 January 2018Room 30Adults16.50,Members/under 16s freePolitics and paradise: Indian popular prints from the Moscatelli GiftThis display is part of the Museums contribution to the India-UK Year of Culture
6、 2017.It looks at the popular print culture of India from the 1880s until the 1950s.19 July3 September 2017Room 90aFree,just drop in1. If you are interested in drawings of natural scenery,you will probably go to_.A. Room 35 B. Room 90C. Room 30 D. Room 90a2. Which exhibition can you attend in Octobe
7、r 2017?A. Hokusai: beyond the Great Wave.B. Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia.C. Places of the mind: British watercolour landscapes 1850-1950.D. Politics and paradise: Indian popular prints from the Moscatelli Gift.3. Where can we most probably find the passage?A. In a health report. B. In a st
8、ory book.C. In a parenting magazine. D. In a tour guide.【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D【解析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了几幅英国博物馆展览的艺术品。1. 细节理解题。根据第二部分里“this is the first exhibition devoted to landscape drawings and watercolours”以及下段的“Room 90”可知，这幅作品是关于自然风光的，在 90 房间。故选 B.2. 细节理解题。根据“Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia”这一部分里的“14
9、September 201714 January 2018”，可知在 2017 年十月份可以去参观“Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia”这幅作品。故选 B.3. 推理判断题。根据短文是对博物馆里的艺术品的介绍，可知这篇文章可能出现在导游杂志里。故选 D.BCeleste Ng,a new writer,has gained recognition for her first novel,Everything I Never Told You.Ngs parents came from Hong Kong,China in the 1960s.Ng wa
10、s born in America and grew up in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,and Shaker Heights,Ohio,in a family of scientists.Celeste went to Harvard University and earned an MFA from the University of Michigan,where she won the Hopwood Award.Although her novel is not about race,the characters are Asian.The main char
11、acter is Lydia,a teenage girl,who is the favorite of three children born to a white mother and a Chinese-American father.The story is about Lydias disappearance,and the emotions the family goes through as the mystery unfolds.The whole family deals with sorrow, regret,and exposed secrets as they sear
12、ch for their lost daughter.Though the characters in this story are Asian,Ng says she didnt really want to include Asian characters.She was afraid people would think the story was about real people in her life.Because she grew up in America and doesnt speak Chinese,she was actually surprised that she
13、 included.Asian characters in the book.The book has taken off,especially on Amazon,where it won the Editors Pick for No.1 Best Book of the Year in 2014.Ng is still getting used to the attention,saying she is still amazed when people tell her they have read her book. With so many readers,its safe to
14、say this is a book you should read.But if youre looking for a simple mystery,this book might not be for you.Most readers warn that you should not read this book unless youre prepared to cry.4. The novel Everything I Never Told You_.A. focuses on a family with a missing childB. discusses the ways to
15、get rid of regretC. exposes the secret of the American worldD. talks about the life of teenagers in America5. Which of the following is TRUE according to Celeste Ng?A. She wanted to help the Asian people.B. She was surprised she wrote about Asian characters.C. She was born in Hong Kong and grew up i
16、n America.D. She wanted people to know the characters were real people in her life.6. How do most readers probably find the book?A. Its about race. B. Its a sad story.C. Its a simple mystery. D. It has a surprising ending.7. What is the text mainly about?A. Celeste Ng and her family. B. The awards C
17、eleste Ng won.C. Celeste Ngs learning experience. D. Celeste Ng and her best-known novel.【答案】4. A 5. B 6. B 7. D【解析】这篇短文介绍 Celeste Ng 所写的一部关于一个失踪的小女孩以及他的家庭经历的情感小说。4. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The story is about Lydias disappearance, and the emotions the family goes through as the mystery unfolds.”可知，Everything
18、I Never Told You 这部小说是关于一个有失踪女孩的家庭。故选 A.5. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“she was actually surprised that she included.Asian characters in the book.”可知，她自己不会说中文，对自己写的书中的人物都是亚洲人物感到很吃惊。故选 B.6. 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Most readers warn that you should not read this book unless youre prepared to cry.”可知，人们都认为这是一本悲剧小说，看了会哭。故选 B
19、.7. 主旨大意题。根据文中介绍 Celeste Ng 写了一部小说，小说的内容以及人们对小说的感受。可知 D 项“Celeste Ng 和她的小说” 最能概括短文内容。故选 D.【名师点睛】.A. 细节理解题主要设问的方式有：（1）Which of the following statements is True (Not True)?（2）Which of the questions has not been mentioned (or discussed) in the passage?（3）What is the reason that ?（4）What do we know abou
20、t?（5）How did the people know ? （6）Why was so important to ?B. 细节理解题主要的答题策略有：（1）细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼） ，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。（2）变通理解，间接转述找答案。细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述，命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，
21、因果倒置，把 A 的观点说成 B 的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。（3）多点归纳，综合事实找答案。细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”草率地作出结论。如小题 1，我们从文中捕捉到关键词“The story is about” ，可细读后面内容，disappearance 表达了答案中的missing，以及 “the emotions the family goes through”这一信息从而得到答案 。CLately a popular eight-floor
22、bookstore in Hefei,Anhui province,has risen to fame because it becomes the worlds first shared bookstore,in a move meant to encourage more reading among Chinese citizens.It comes to peoples attention as more than 200,000 visitors flooded the store on its first day as a shared bookstore on July 16 th
23、is year,a record high since it was reopened to the public in 2013.Some 4,000 books were brought home on the first day,T reported.Customers are allowed to borrow up to two books valued under 150 yuan per visit after registering with an app and paying the 99 yuan deposit fee（押金）.All books on sale in t
24、he bookstore are available for sharing.Returned books that are damaged are sold at a discount.The bookstore also provides a bonus for bookworms.People who finish reading 12 books in three months receive eight percent of their deposit back,and members can be rewarded one yuan for every book read.“We
25、want to bring down the cost of reading so people could read more books,“Xu Xinwei,who helps run the bookstore,told T.Some parents buy a lot of books for their children,but they usually end up collecting dust as their children grow up.Similarly,some popular novels for young people also fall out of fa
26、shion,according to Xu.“Books are more effectively circulated when theyre shared.“8. The bookstore becomes a shared one .A. to make more money B. to make more room for new booksC. to inspire more people to read D. to recommend new books9. What does the underlined phrase “risen to fame” in Paragraph 1
27、 probably mean?A. Become well-known. B. Settled down.C. Broken up. D. Taken over.10. What can we infer.from the passage?A. The bookstore was once the best in Anhui province.B. The books that are sold here cant be borrowed.C. More than 4,000 books were taken home on July 16 in 2013.D. The cost of rea
28、ding can be reduced by sharing the books.11. What does the bookstore do to attract more readers?A. The bookstore encourages parents to buy more books for their children.B. The readers are allowed to borrow the books unconditionally.C. The readers who are members can receive one yuan for every book r
29、ead.D. The bookstore is considering offering a bonus for anyone who likes reading.【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C【解析】这篇短文介绍安徽省合肥市成立世界上第一家共享书店，吸引了更多的读者。8. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“in a move meant to encourage more reading among Chinese citizens.”可知这个书店成为一家共享书店为了让更多的公民阅读。故选 C.9. 词义猜测题。根据第一段中 popular 一词，以及提到这家书店成为世界上第一
30、家共享书店，可见这家书店应该“名声大振” 。risen to fame 译为“名声大振”。故选 A.10. 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“We want to bring down the cost of reading so people could read more books,”可推知，共享图书可以降低阅读成本，这样人们可以更多的阅读。故选 D.11. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“and members can be rewarded one yuan for every book read.”可知，所有的阅读者都可以得到每本书一元钱的奖励。故选 C.【名师点睛】高考中词义推断可以是一个
31、单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意；还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。A词义猜测主要的设题方式有： （1）The underlined words “took off “ in paragraph 2 mean “_“.（2）What does the underlined word “them“ in the last paragraph refer to?（3）The underlined se
32、ntence in the second paragraph implies that_.（4）Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic“ in the third paragraph? （5）The underlined phrase “ turn his back on“ (paragraph 6) most probably mean _.（6）By saying “ We need them yesterday “(paragraph 7),Stover means that snakelike
33、 robots _.B词义猜测主要的解题策略有：语境猜测、语法猜词和常识猜词。语境既上下文。由于上下文中的生词不是孤立存在的，其词义与句中其它词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。因此在阅读过程中，许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的词汇，短语并结合具体的语境来推测。命题者为了考查学生的这种猜词能力，常采用以下几种命题策略： 策略（1）：依据标点符号猜测词义 标点符号是词义猜测的最直接，最简单的信号词。比如，破折号（-） 、冒号 (：) 常常起解释说明的功能，引号（）和（( )）有时也起到相同的作用。策略（2）：依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义 运用对比手法描述事物或现象是文章写作的一种常用的修
34、辞手法。在这种修辞手段下，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词与前面的另一个词互为反义。常用的信号词有：but/yet/however/nevertheless; while/whereas; otherwise/or else; unlike/instead/ rather than; by contrast/compared to; on the contrary/ on the other hand 等。策略（3）：依据下定义，作解释、打比喻等猜测词义在说明文，科技文中运用下定义或解释概念的方法来定义或诠释某一名词或概念是文章写作的又一特点。在写作方法上常采用先总后分（即先
35、定义后解释）或先分后总（即先说明后结论）的叙述方式。常用的定义信号词有：be defined as/be termed(被定义为)，be called (被称为)，mean/ refer to/be(意指，是) 。策略（4）：依据逻辑推理猜测词义 运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。常见的逻辑关系有：因果关系，同位关系，对比关系，转折关系等。策略（5）：依据例证猜测词义 采用事实说理（即例证）以加强观点的说服
36、力或使观点更加明朗清楚是文章写作的常用手法。借助例证获取更多信息，即可实现猜词的目的。常用的例证信号词有：like/for example/for instance/such as; include/consist of 等。此外，运用语法和常识以达到猜词的目的也是词义猜测策略的另一种表现形式。英语构词法给英语语言创造了丰富的词汇源泉，因此掌握构词规律是达到猜词目的有效捷径。如小题 2，由第一段中 popular 和“the worlds first shared bookstore”可知这家书店是世界首家，并且很受欢迎，结合“encourage more reading among Chin
37、ese citizens”可知鼓励更多的读者，综合这些信息， 可以猜测risen to fame 这一短语的意思是“名声大振” 。DCan exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later?Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain,in rats at least.“This is an animal study,but it shows that physical activity at a y
38、oung age is very important一 not just for physical development,but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive（认知的）development during ageing,“says Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto,Canada.“In humans,it may delay the appearance of Alzheimers symptoms（阿兹海默氏症）,possibly to the point of preventi
39、ng them.“Wojtowiczs team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups,and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks.Around four months laterwhen the rats had reached middle agethe team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box.W
40、hen placed in the box,they froze with fear.Two weeks later,the team tested the rats in three situations: exactly the same box in the same room,the same box with the room arranged differently,and a completely different box in a different room.The rats without access to a running wheel when they were
41、young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations,suggesting they couldnt remember which one was dangerous.But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings.“The results suggest the amount of physical activity when were
42、 young,at least for rats,has influence on brain and cognitive healthin the form of better memorieswhen were older,“says Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston,who has found that,in humans,exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells.12. The study shows that_.A. physical activity is im
43、portant for physical healthB. using the running wheels is of benefit to the rats growthC. physical activity can prevent humans Alzheimers symptomsD. the more exercise a rat has when young,the better memory it will possess when older13. How are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly developed?A. By analyzing cause
44、s. B. By giving an example.C. By describing the process. D. By showing differences.14. What does the underlined word “it“ in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Exercise. B. Development.C. Benefit. D. Study.15. What is the authors attitude towards the animal study?A. Negative. B. Objective.C. Critical. D. Doubt
45、ful.【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B【解析】这篇短文介绍一项动物研究的过程，从而研究锻炼对大脑有终生的好处。12. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain, in rats at least.”可知，锻炼对大脑终生有好处，至少对老鼠是这样的。故选 D.13. 推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段讲述 Wojtowicz 的研究小组对老鼠进行试验的过程，因此通过描述过程发展的。故选 C.14. 词义猜测题。根据第二段介绍一项动物研究，具体的运动对身体的
46、发育很重要，对于人类，它可能会推迟阿兹海默氏症的出现。因此 it 在句中指的是具体的身体活动，也就是锻炼。故选 A.15. 观点态度题。根据短文中对这项老鼠实验的过程及其结果的介绍，用数据表示，可见作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。故选 B.第二节（共 5小题；每小题 2分，满分 10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Summer is the perfect time to relax.As you plan for your trip,here are some tips on how to protect yourself. _16_.F
47、ight against the mosquitoes in the hot spots.There are many mosquito-borne illnesses in tropical regions,which are traditionally vacation hot spots. Therefore,mosquito repellent（驱蚊剂）that contains DEET should be an essential item in your travel bag._17_.In lesser-developed countries there is less equ
48、ipment for clean water and public health.If you cant avoid unhealthful water,make sure you bring along a tea or coffeemaking pot that will boil water for you.Youd better buy a case or two of water and check that all bottle caps are sealed to assure the bottled water isnt just a refilled bottle of di
49、rty tap water.Always protect your feet.Its best to wear slippers in the shower,but if you must be barefoot,put a towel down on the floor._18_.You should never walk barefoot in any area of a foreign country,including your hotel room.Be sure to eat safe fruits._19_.They may have been washed in the same water,or wiped with the same rag used to cl
