1、1第 5 单元连词一、连词的定义和种类 连词是一种起连接作用的词,它不能独立地做句子成分,只能起连接词与词、词组与词组、句子与 子的作用。根据在句子中所起的作用,连词分两大类:开列连词与从属连词。二、并列连词 1. 并列连词的种类连词具有并列关系的词、短语或句子的连词叫并列连词。根据其含义,并列连词又可分为表示联合、转折、选择和因果等四种关系的连词。 表示联合关系的并列连词and 和 both and 既。 。 。又。 。 。 neithernor既不。 。 。也不。 。 。not onlybut also 不但。 。 。而且。 。 。 as well as 和。 。 。一样,也 表示转折关系
2、的并列连词but 可是,但是 while 而,然而still 但是,然而 yet 可是。 。 。however 然而,但是 whereas 而 nevertheless 然而, 不过 表示选择关系的并列连词or 或 or else 否则 otherwise 要不然either.or. 或或,不是就是 rather than 而不,也不 表示因果关系的并列连词so 所以 for 因为2. 常用并列连词的用法 and 和,并且I was cold and hungry.我又冷又饿。Tom came to see us and stayed with us for two weeks.汤姆来看我们并
3、和我们一起呆了两个星期。 both .and 两个都,既又,不但而且He is both a soldier and a poet. 他既是个战士又是个诗人。 as well as , 与。 。 。一样,也They will travel by as well as by day. 他们将日夜赶路。超级点津用 as well as 连接两个主语时,谓语动词的人称和数应与前面的主语保持一致。 but 但是,可是I got up early that day , but failed to catch the train.2那天,我起得很早,可是没赶上火车。 either .or 或者或者You
4、can go there either by bus or by train. 乘火车或汽车你都能去那儿。超级点津用 either.or 连接两个主语时,谓语动词的数与人称应和 or 后的主语保持一致。用 neither.nor 连接两个主语时,谓语动词的人称和数应与 nor 后面的主语保持一致。 neither nor 既不。 。 。又不。 。 。She neither knows nor cares what happened.她既不知道也不关心发生了什么事。 for 因为I cant move the box, for too heary .我搬不动这个箱子因为它太重了。 not onl
5、ybut also 不但 而且 ,使用这一连词时侧重点在 but also 之后的成分上She is not only beautiful but also leamed .她不但美丽,而且博学。超级点津用 not only but also 连接两个主语时,谓语动词的人称和数与 but also 后面的主语保持一致。尽管 yet 可是I didnt pass the exam ,yet I was not disappointed.我没有通过这次考试,可是我并不灰心。 so 因此,所以She lost her pen so she bought a new one.她把钢笔弄丢了,所以又买了
6、一支新的。11. rather than 而不,也不He resigned rather than take psrt in such a dishonest transaction.他宁愿辞职也不愿与这种欺诈的交易。三、从属连词 1.从属连词的种类从属连词是指用来连接主句和从句的连词。从属连词引导名词性从句和状语从句。 引导名词性从句从属连词主要有:连接词 that,whether 和 if, 这些连词在句中不充当任何句子成分。We know (that) the earth is not round. 我们知道地球不是圆的。 引导状语从句的从属连词(1)引导时间状语从句的从属连词when
7、当时 as 当, 一边一边while 在期间 after 在之后3before 在之前 since 自从以来once 一旦 till/until 直到才as soon as 一就 the moment/instant 一就no soonerthan 刚就 hardly when 刚就(2)引导地点状语从句的从属连词wherever 无论在 哪里 where 在地方(3)引导方式状语从句的从属连词as 正如 as if / as though 好像,似乎(4)引导原因状语从句的从属连词because 因为 since 既然(5)引导结果状语从句的从属连词so 结果 so that 结果so th
8、at / such that 如此以致 that 以致(6)引导让步状语从句的从属连词though / although 虽然 as 虽然even if / even though 即使 however 无论怎样whatever 无论什么 whoever 无论谁no matter how /what / whice / 无论多么/什么/哪一个/ (7)引导目的状语从句的从属连词that 以便 in order that 为了so that 为了 lest 以防,免得in case 以防,免得(8)引导条件状语从句的从属连词if 如 sa / as long as 只要 unless 除非(9)
9、引导比较状语的从属连词as 如 as as 像一样not sa as 与不一样 than 比2.常用从属连词的用法 as(1) 当时(引导时间状语从句)I saw him as he was getting off the train .当他下火车时,我看见了他。(2)因为(引导原因状语从句)As I was the oldest, Ilooked after the others.因为我年龄最大,所以我照看其他人。(3)以方式) (引导方式状语从句)He did it as she had tokd him.他是按她说的方式做这件事的。(4)尽管(引导让步状语)Young as I am,
10、I know a lot of knowkedge of the adults.尽管我年纪不大,但我知道许多成年人的知识。(5) (表结果或目的)以致于;以便He raised his woice so as to be heard.他提高嗓门好让别人听见。(6) (表示比较)像一样as white as snow 像雪一们白 no sooner than 刚就(注:no sooner 放在句首时,句子要倒装)No sooner had we sat sown than we found it wsa time to go.We had no sooner sat down than we f
11、ound it was time to .超级点津than 引导的从句仍用陈述句语序4我们刚坐下就发现该走了。 hardly when 刚就,一就I had harkly got to schook when it began to rain.Hardly had I got to school when it began to rain.我刚到学校,天就开始上雨了。 since (1) 自时候(引导时间状语从句,主句中动词多用现在完成时)Where have you been since I saw you last tine?上次见面以后,你一直在哪儿?(2)因为(引导原因状语从句)Sin
12、ce you are so sure of it, he will believe you 他会相信你的,因为你对这件事是那样确定。 wherever 无论在哪里Wherever you are so sure of it, he will believe you.无论你去哪里,我都会在这里等你。 unless 除非(unless 引导的从句通常用一般现在时)You will fail unless you study harder.除非你学习更努力些,否则你将失败。 so long as 只要You man borrow the book so long as you return it o
13、n time. 只要你能按时还,你就可以借这本书。 in order that 为了She got up early that in order that she might catch the train.为了赶上火车她那天起得很早。 in case 以防(万一)youd better take your raincoat in case it rains. 你最好带上雨衣,以防下雨。 sa that(1)结果是。以致(引导结果状语从句)Nothing more was heard of her, so that people thought she was dead.再没听到她的消息,于是
14、人们都认为她已经死了。(2)为了(引导目的状语从句,后面的句子中通常有情感动态)Speak clearly so that I can understand you. 说清楚点,好让我能明白你的意思。11.so that 如此以致 His behaviour is so impolite that everyone dislikes him.他的行为如此不礼貌以致于每个人都不喜欢他。12.even if 即使I shall not mind even if you dont come 即使你不来,我也不会介意的。13.no matter how 无论多么超级点津Harkly 位于句首时,har
15、dly 所引导的句子实行倒装,when 引导的句子不用倒装。5No matter how successful you are, you should not look down upon other.无论你多么成功,都不应该看不起别人。14.as if 好像,似乎(有时要用于虚拟语气中)You look as if you are sick.你看上去似乎病了。They treated me so well as if I were their own son .他们对我这么好,就像我是他们的亲儿子一样。15.asas 像一样He runs as fast as wind.他跑得像风一样快。四
16、、部分易混淆连词的比较 1.when 和 while同:两个词都可以表示“当时” ,引导时间状语从句。异:when 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性的,也可以是终止性的;while 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性的。He was watching TV when I came in. (当)我进来时,他正在看电视。I came in when / while he was watching TV. 当他在看电视时,我走了进来。Some are singing, while others are dancing. 一些人在唱歌,而另一些人在跳舞。2.because, as,
17、since 和 for同:四个词都可以表示“因为”的意思异:because 语气最强,表直接的原因,用于回答 why 问句。引导的从句可放在句首或句末;as 的语气不如 because 那么强,引导的从句常置于句首; since 可译为“既然” ,往往表示一些显而易见的原因,语气不如 because 强,引导的从句常置于句首; for 是并列连词,语气最弱,用来补充说明理由或表示判断的原因,引导的分句一般置于句末,从句前要用逗号。She didnt attend the meeting because she was ill.她因为生病没有参加会议。As she wasnt resdy, we
18、 left without her. 由于她没准备好,我们就自已走了。Since a lot of people make mitakes in life, Mr Smith wanted to give Mike a chance.既然很多人在生活中都会犯错误,史密斯先生想给迈克一个(改过的)机会。She went to bed, for she was tired. 她去睡觉了,因为她累了。3. if 和 whether同:表示“是否”时两个词都能引导宾语从句。I wonder if/ whether you can come tomorrow.不知你明天能不能来。BBS 留言板a.如果主
19、句的谓语是短语动词,从句用 whether 引导,而不用 if.Everything depends on whether we unite toggther.b. 宾语从句为否定形式时,通常用 if 引导。I asked her if he wouldnt take part in the party.我问她他是不是会参加晚会。c.宾语从句移置句首时,用 whether 引导。Wherher it is true or not, I cant say. 这是不是真的,我不敢说。D.某些动词(如 discuss)后的宾语从句用 wheher 引导。They discussed whether
20、they should help her.他们商议该不该帮助她。6异: if 可译作“如果”解,引导条件状语从句。Whether 可译作“不管,无论” ,引导让步状语从句。If I were you, I would not let her go. 如果我是你,我不会让她走。Whether you like or not,I shall go out.无论你是否喜欢,我都要出去。 whether 引导的从句中可以用 or not,if 则不能,见上例。基础训练 一、单项选择1.Well set to do the experiment _ you are ready.A. as soon as
21、 B.whileC. hardly D.before2.The place we want to visit is _ far _ it will take us two days to get There by train.A. such,that B. so that C. as,as D. as,that 3.The film brought the hours back to _ I was taken good care of in that faraway Village.A.until B.that C.when D.where4.I dont like apples _ ban
22、anas.I dont like apples,_ I like bananas very much.A.and; and B.and; but C.or; but D.or; and5.She looked around_ she didtt see anybody.A. although B. but C. that D.if6. There is no doubt_ he will come to help us.A. if B. whether C. that D.why 7. _Would you like to come to dinner tonight?_Id like to,
23、 _ im too budy.A.and B.so C.as D.but8.She thought I was talking about her sister, _ I was tolking about my sister.A.whom B.where C.which D.Altyough 9. _ he said he wasnt hungry, he ate a big lunch.A. Even B.Unless C.Until D.Although10.They must be tired, _ they have worked all the night.A.for B.beca
24、use C.since D.as11. _ possible,Ill go to see her.A.If B.as if C.Until D.Even though12.I wont give up_ I should fail ten times.A. even if B.as if C.whether D. since13.The coat will lose its bright colour_ its washed.A. before B. after C. until D. while14.Study hsrd, _ will get your reward(得到奖赏)。A. th
25、en you B.for you C.and you D.atrer you 15.He will never be a good violinist, _ , his mother told me so.A. when B.at lesat C.as D.however16. you are not well, you neednt go outside.A. Supposing B.For C.Since D.That17. He was_ .A. not only famous in Britain but also in Qmerica.7B.famous not only in Br
26、itain but also in America.C.not famous only in Britain but also in America.D.not only famous in Britain but in America, too.18.Lett set out esrlier_ we can get there in time.A. as if B.so C.even if D.that19.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants.A. however B.whatever C. w
27、hichever D.whenever20.Everything depends on_ we can get home on time.A.if B.whether C.so that D.so 二、选择填空As well as neither nor not only but alsono sooner than unless sa long asin case even if as as 1.She came in_ I was doing my homework.2.You may borrow the book_ you keep it clean.3.I_ know_ care w
28、hat has happened to her,for she is a stranger to me.4.You should not give up_ you fail many times.5. _ had we set out _ we found the time was limited.6. _the students_ the teacher has arrived after the accident.7.Her smile is_ sweet_ honey.8.They will work by night_ by day.9.youd better take your umbrella _it rains.10.You will not pass the exam _you study harder.参考答案一、1-5 ABCCB 6-10 CDDDA 11-15 AABCB 16-20 CBBBB二、1.while 2.so long as 3. neither, nor 4.even if5.No sooner, than 6.Not only, but also 7.as, as8.as well as 9.in case 10. unless