1、1第 14 单元过去分词一、过去分词的定义和形式 过去分词是动词的另一种非限定形式。过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+” ，但也有许多不规则变化形式的过去分词。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则，只能强记。过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作，只有一种形式。二、过去分词的语法功能 过去分词在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语、补足语或状语。1.做定语单独的过去分词做定语，一般放在被修饰的词的前面。There are many fallen leaves on the roof.屋顶有许多落叶。Thi
2、s is a book written by Lu Xun.这是一本鲁迅写的书。written work 笔头作业 boiled 开水steamed roll 花卷 spoken English 口头英语retired workers 退休工人 the exploited class 被剥削阶级escaped prisoners 逃犯 an unknown hero 一位无名英雄returned students 归国留学生过去分词短语做定语，则放在被修饰的词的后面。The play performed by the students was a great success.由学生上演的那个剧
3、目获得了极大的成功。The novel written by him has sold out in a few days.他写的小说几天就卖完了。2.做表语过去分词做表，多表示主语所处的状态。He was pleased at what I said. 听了我说的话他很高兴。The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。She looked very worried. 她显得很焦虑。 必备知识卡过去分词做表语用，相当于形容词，最常见的有：delighted, disappointed, discouraged, drunk, amused, astonished, hurt
4、, interested, crowded, tired, satisfied, pleased, worried, excited, married, puzzled, upset, bored, frightened, confused, embarrassed, limited, complicated, Distinguished, exhausted, devoted, conceited 等。 3.做宾语补足语做宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是由及物动词构成的，既表示被动含义又表示完成含义，说明宾语2所处的状态。能用作宾语补足语的过去分词的动词大体上可分为三大类：表示感觉和心理状态的动
5、词，如：see, feel, hear, find 等。The mother is glad to see her child well taken care of in the nursery.妈妈看到孩子在托儿所受到很好的照顾很高兴。I have never heared the song sung in French.我曾经听人用发语唱这首歌。表示“致使”意义的动词，如：make , get, have, keep 等。He managed to make himself understood.他好不容易让别人明白了他的意思。Im going to have my hair cut.我准
6、备去理发。表示“希望” 、 “要求”等意义的动词，如 want, wish, order, like 等。The boss ordered the work finished before the end of the month.老板要求月底前完成这项工作。I want the problem settled tonight.我希望问题今晚得到解决。4.做状语过去分词短语常用做状语，修饰谓语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。这类状语大多数放在句子前部（主语前面） ，也有少数可以放在句子后部（谓语后面） ，或者插在中间（主语后面） 。Inspired by the spirit of the Par
7、tys Sixteeth Congress,we worked even harder.在党的十六大精神鼓舞下，我们更加努力工作。The professor came in ,followed by a young man.教授走进来，后面跟着一个年轻人。有时，一个单独的过去分词也可以作状语。Heated ,water changes into steam.水加热时就会变成水蒸气。I turned away excited.我走了，心里很高兴。过去分词做状语，主要表示以下几种意思：、表示原因Exhausted by the jouney,she soon fell asleeo.由于旅途劳累，
8、她很快就睡着了。表示条件Given more time,I could do it much better.如果多给点时间，我会做得更好些。United,we stand;divided,we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。表示让步Repaired many times ,the car still broke down on the road.虽然修了许多次，但这辆车还是在路上抛锚。表示伴随情况（这种用法没有与之相当的状语从句可以代替）I finally reached the finishing line utterly exhausted.我终于跑到了终点，疲惫不堪。表示时间3Once
9、published,this novel will be very popular!一旦出版，这本小说将会受到欢迎！BBS 留言板a.过去分词短语做状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。但有时它也可以有自己独立逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立（主格）结构。多数情况下它表示一种伴随动作或情况。I rushed into the classroom, my face covered with dust.我跑进教室，满脸是土。All things considered, your article is of greater value than his.从各方面考虑，你的文章比他的文章更有价值。b
10、.有些过去分词和定冠词连用，表示一类人或一类事物，可以在句中作主语、宾语。The oppressed have been awakened.被压迫的人们已经觉醒了。We should help the exploited.我们应当帮助被剥削的人。三、过去分词的时态和语态 过去分词一般表示完成和被动的动作，只有一种形式。来自及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意义，来自不及物动词的过去分词则表示主动、完成的意义（作形容词用的过去分词除外） 。The novel is written by a middle-school student.这本小说是一个中学生写的。 （表被动）The leaves are
11、gone with the wind.树叶随风而去了。 （表主动）QQ 贴吧某些带有持续意义的动词，如：know, love, speak 等的过去分词往往只有被动意义，没有完成意义。He is our beloved leader.他是我们敬爱的领袖。We are making a study of spoken english.我们正在学习口语。基础训练 一、单选题1.“The picture writing”_ long long ago is hard for us to understand today.A.having been drawn B.being drawn C.was
12、drawn D.drawn及物动词 write及物与不及物语态种类 主动语态 被动语态不及物动词Go (主动语态)过去分词 written Gone 42.How I regret the days_ in doing the meaningless work!A.which wasted B. having been wastedC.which wasting D.having wasted3.The school children _ at the way the questions were put, didnt know the answers to them.A. they surp
13、rising B.surprisedC.their being surprised D.surprise4.There was so much noise that the teacher could not make himself_.A.being heared B.heard C.hearing D.hear5.Because of my poor English Im afraid I cant make myself_.A.understand B.be understood C.understood D.understanding6.When I returned home ,I
14、found the door open and something_.A.to steal B.losing C.hearing D.hear7.My life is found_.A.complete changing B.having completely changedC.completely change D.completely changed8.We found many people _in the meeting room.A.seat B.seating C.to seat D.seated9.At present ,mathematics is the main subje
15、ct_ here.A.to be taught B.being taught C.teaching D.to be teaching10. Is there anything you want from the town?Im going to get _.A.those letters mailed B.mailed letters C.to mailed those letters D.those letters mail11.What did the school master want_ to the noisy children?A.doing B.to do C.done D.di
16、d12.The boss wanted the work_ with great care.A.to have done B.to be done C.doing D.to do13.I need this article_ before tomorrow.A.rewriting B.rewritten C.rewrite D.to write again.14._ , the concert began.A.The listeners having taken their seatsB.Having taken their seatsC.Have taken their placesD.Th
17、e listeners to have taken their places5二、汉译英1.一名退休工人2.开水3.一片落叶4.一位无名英雄5.他走进来，后面跟着一个女孩。6.我好不容易让别人明白了我的意思。7.他写的小说很畅销。8.多给点时间，我会做得更好。参考答案一、1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.D8.D 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.A二、1.a retired worker 2.boiled water3.a falllen leaf4.an unknown hero5.He came in ,followed by a girl.6. I managed to make myself understood.7.The novel written by him sells well.8.Given more time. I could do it better.6
