1、1简说特指否定句崔长平 河南遂平一高（463100）在英语句子中，对谓语部分进行否定的，就是一般否定句（如：I didnt tell him to go.） 。如果是否定非谓语成分的句子，就叫做特指否定句（如：I told him not to go.） 。not 用来否定非谓语部分，主要基于以下两种情况：一是不这样使用，not 就会改变句子的意义。如前面所列举之例句，not 否定 tell 与否定 go，意义不尽相同。象这类情况就最好使用特指否定句。第二是用于含有对比意义的叙述中，如：He came to work not by bus,but on foot.至于 not 用以否定主语的情
2、况，那是比较少见的。这时多用“no名词”或 no 的派生词来替代。Not a soul was anywhere visible. （否定主语）You must always remember not to become conceited. （否定宾语）The teacher told his pupils not to make such a mistake again. （否定复合宾语第二部分）I went to see him off,not to meet him. （否定目的状语）We felt sorry for not coming on time. （否定介词宾语）英国人经常
3、喜欢通过对句子谓语部分的否定来体现对句子状语的否定，这就是我们经常会遇到的not 的实际位置与它的逻辑位置不相一致的情况，也有人称其为“否定位置的转移” 。We dont sing revolutionary songs for amusement. 我们唱革命歌曲不是为了娱乐。He doesnt study so hard as last year. 他学习不如去年努力。Life is not valuable because it is long. 生命的价值不在于长短。He doesnt talk as if he were a man. 他说起话来不象一个男子汉。I didnt lea
4、ve home because I was afraid of my father. 我离家出走并非是因为怕父亲。He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.他并不以为亚里士多德说过某事如何，就轻易相信它。A mountain is not famous because it is high. 山之有名，不在其高。如果 not 后面有 too，much，really，always，often，usually，quite 等副词时，则 not 是否定这一类副词的。I dont quite know he
5、r. 我不太了解他。He doesnt go to the cinema very often. 他不常去看电影。I dont care much for tea. 我不太喜欢喝茶。I didnt definitely speak to him. 我未必是跟他谈的。（比较：I definitely didnt speak to him. 我一定不同他谈。 ）在 notuntil和 notbefore结构中，not 是用来否定 until 或 before 引导的短语或从句的。He is not arriving until the 10th. 他准备 10 号来。I didnt see an
6、elephant until I came to Africa. 我到了非洲才见到了大象。Dont get off the bus before it stops. 等车停了再下车。这一点通过强调句型可以看得更清楚。It was not until I told her that she knew anything about it.在 cannot too （adj.或 adv.）和 can not enough 结构中，not 否定的是 too 后面的形容词或副词；或 enough 或者 enough 前面的形容词或副词，表示“无论（再）也不过分” ， “越越好” 。You cannot
7、praise the play too highly. 这出戏你无论怎样赞扬也不过分。2You cant be too careful. 你再小心也不为过。She could not thank him enough for doing his best to teach her.她对他的谆谆教诲真是感激不尽。We cannot be thankful enough to you. 我们对你感激不尽。在某些句子中，not 是用来否定不定式或者介词短语的。I am not here to see you. 我来这里不是看望你的。Tom doesnt seem to like you.（Tom s
8、eems not to like you.） Tom 看起来并不喜欢你。We are not working hard for ourselves alone. 我们并非只是为了自己才勤恳工作。在与 all，both，every 以及由 every 合成的不定代词连用时，本应对定语、主语、宾语的否定，有时也通过对谓语的否定来实现。Every scientist is not a genius. 并非每一个科学家都是天才。Both plans are not ideal. 这两个方案并非都理想。I dont know every one of them. 他们两个我并不是都认识。All that
9、 glitters is not gold. 发光的未必都是金子。You dont meet her everyday. 你并非每天都能见到她。在包含有宾语从句的主从复句中，如果主句的动词是think，believe，expect，fancy，imagine， suppose 等时，经常把对从句谓语部分的否定，前移到主句的谓语部分。She didnt expect you would do such a thing.They didnt believe we would come to help him in time.I dont suppose you need my help any more.I dont think you have met John.
