1、 职称英语 中级 概括大意与完成句子 1职称英语 概括大意与完成句子 中级 5 篇*第 6 篇 Pregnant Women Warned About ACE Inhibitor孕妇要警惕 ACE 抑制剂1. Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE inhibitors.Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years. A government study in the United
2、 States found that the use almost doubled between 1995 and 2000.ACE(血管紧张肽转化酶)抑制剂是指那些通常用于治疗高血压的药物。医生给病人用这种药已经 25 年了。美国政府的一份研究报告显示，在1995 年到 2000 年之间，这种药的用量翻了一番。pregnant 怀孕的warn 警告inhibitor 抑制剂commonly 通常地2. Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six mont
3、hs of pregnancy. The medicine can injure the baby. ACE inhibitors, though, have been considered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders. The study shows that, compared
4、 to others, their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems. These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.医生们一直都知道，虽然服用ACE 抑制剂在妊娠期的前 3 个月是安全的，但是在妊娠期的后 6 个月不应该服用 ACE 抑制剂。因为这种药物会损伤胎儿。可是有一项新的研究发现，孕妇在妊娠初期服用这种药物，同样会增加新生儿患先
5、天性疾病的风险。这项研究表明，与其他婴儿相比，这些婴儿在出生时患大病的可能性几乎是其他婴儿的 3 倍。这些病包括大脑和神经系统发育缺陷及心脏出现空洞。pregnancy 怀孕consider 认为increase 增加disorder 病症major 主要的，重大的formation n. 构成3. The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months. Researchers at Vande
6、rbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the results. The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000. Two hundred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the firs
7、t three months of their pregnancies. Eighteen of the babies, or almost nine 研究人员表示，患高血压的孕妇在妊娠期的前 3 个月服用其他降压药，她们的危险性并没有增加。来自田纳西州的范德比特大学和波士顿大学的研究人员对此进行了研究。新英格兰医学杂志发表了此项研究成果。研究人员研究了从 1985 年至 2000年出生的约 3 万新生儿的记录。其中有 209 个新生儿的母亲曾经在妊娠期的前 3 个月里服用过 ACE 抑制剂。在这些新生儿中有 18 个，大约占职称英语 中级 概括大意与完成句子 2percent，had maj
8、or disorders. 研究总数的 9%，患有严重的先天性疾病。4. ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects. So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic. ACE inhibitors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme, or ACE. This
9、enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow. The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced.ACE 抑制剂通常用于患有糖尿病的患者。但孕妇患糖尿病可能会导致新生儿的先天性缺陷。因此这项研究的研究对象不包括任何患糖尿病的孕妇。ACE 抑制剂的作用是抑制血管紧张肽转化酶，又称 ACE。这种酶在人体内制造一种使血管变窄、血压上升的化学物质。ACE 抑制剂则能增加血液的流动，因此血压造成降低。diabetes 糖尿病 defect
10、 瑕疵，缺陷diabetic 糖尿病的；糖尿病患者suppress 抑制protein 蛋白（质）angiotensin-converting enzyme 血管紧张素转酶reduced 减少的5. New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable. The United States Food and Drug Administration helpe
11、d pay for the study. The F. D. A. says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.目前正通过在妊娠动物上试验新药，来推断它会不会造成人类新生儿的先天缺陷。但专家表示，这些测试结果也不一定可靠。美国食品与药品管理局资助了这项研究。食品与药品管理局指出：患高血压的妇女在怀孕前应该向医生咨询治疗高血压的其他方法。dependable 可靠的*第 7 篇 Screen Test透视检查1. E
12、very year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US an
13、d Spain, screen women under 50.每年上百万名女人进行 X 射线透视，检查是否有乳腺癌迹象。如果检查得足够早，疾病就可以成功地治疗。根据去年公布的一项调查，21 个国家有透视计划。其中 9 个国家，包括澳大利亚、加拿大、美国和西班牙为 50 岁以下女性进行透视。2. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer.Also, y
14、ounger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.但是，用 X 射线检查年轻女人，就医学上的好处而言，是有争议的，部分原因是辐射有诱发癌症的小危险。另外，年轻女人乳房组织紧密，给予的 X 射线的剂量要多一些。benefit 好处，利益controversial 有争议的radiation 辐射tissue 组织dense 密集的3. Researchers at the Polytechnic Valencia 理工大学的研究人员分 polytechnic 多工艺的职称
15、英语 中级 概括大意与完成句子 3University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the womens cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.析了 11 个社区诊所用 X 射线检查16 万名以上女人的结果。估测了女性的辐射累积剂量之
16、后，他们用两种模型计算这可能导致的额外的癌症数量。analyse 分析estimate 估计，预测cumulative dose 累计剂量calculate 计算4. The mathematical model recommended by Britains National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by t
17、he UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.英国国家辐射保护委员会推荐的数学模型预言，X 射线计划会导致每 10 万名女人中 36 名患上癌症，18 名致死。联合国原子辐射影响科学委员会首选的模型得出了一个较低的数字20 名患上癌症。mathematical 数学的recommend 推荐radiological 放射性的board 董事会predict 预言，预测fatal 致命的prefer 首选5. The researchers arg
18、ue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.研究人员争辩说，与发现后接受治疗的癌症数字相比，由辐射诱发癌症的
19、数字是很小的。他们说，Valencia 项目在每 10万名接受透视的妇女中发现 300-450 个乳腺癌病例。significant 重要的detect 发现case 案例，例6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation
20、. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimise the technique” for breast cancer screening.但是他们指出，如果 X 射线检查在 50 岁而不是 45 岁时开始，会使妇女由于辐射而患癌的危险减少40%一 80%，因为她们可以接受更少的辐射。他们暗示说，他们研究的结果有助于使乳腺癌透视的技术更加完善。contract 感染，患expose 使遭受optimise 使最优化7.“There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefi
21、ts of breast screening and its risks,”admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. Thats why radiation exposu
22、re should be minimised in any screening programme.”英国国家辐射保护委员会的Michael Clark 承认， “在胸透的诊断益处和危险之间有一个平衡” 。但是他警告，应该谨慎地解释此项研究。“基于目前的数据，每成功地发现 10 例癌症就有可能导致今后出现一例癌症。这就是为什么在所有的透视计划中，辐射应该减少到最少的原因。”trade-off 平衡diagnostic 诊断的benefit 好处，利益admit 承认interpret 解释caution 谨慎detect 查明，发现prevent 阻止，预防exposure 暴露radiati
23、on exposure 辐射接触minimise 把减到最低职称英语 中级 概括大意与完成句子 4*第 8 篇 Lung Cancer肺癌1. The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years. It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural district
24、s. There are many possible causes, but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy. Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles, smog, exhaust fumes), and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.在过
25、去的 25 年中，男性肺癌的死亡率增加了 8 倍多，而女性则增加 1 倍多。城市和工业区要比农村高得多。究其原因，有很多可能性因素。但是哪些因素最为致病还存在很大分歧。频繁提到的因素是接触异质颗粒和空气中其他刺激物(烟尘、烟雾、废烟废气)，以及抽烟和吸雪茄。due to 由于，因为increase 增加male 男性的female 女性的considerably 非常urban 城市的controversial 有争议的blameworthy 该受指责的factor 因素presence 接近foreign 外来的，不相干的particle 颗粒irritant 刺激物exhaust 废气sm
26、og 烟雾fume 烟雾cigar 雪茄2. Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits. Among heavy smokers - 21 to 30 cigarettes per day - the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers. It is expected the death r
27、ate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.一系列研究表明，肺癌的死亡率与吸烟的习惯之间存在着明显的关系。在那些每天抽 2130 根香烟的烟瘾大的人当中，肺癌死亡率几乎是不吸烟者的 17 倍。在目前相当比例女性吸烟的作用下，女性死亡率即将增高。numerous 许多的demonstrated 证明，表明striking 明显的correlation 相关，关联mortality 死亡率expect 认为会发生present 目前的3. Sometimes
28、 cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis. Too often, however, a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of
29、lung cancer. Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained. Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger, at least to those over 40 years of age, that this would be much more than offset by the 有时肺癌是在进行 X 射线检查结核病时发现的。但是，当前强调接触 X 射线机的放射线的危险
30、常常也使得人们不敢去做常规的胸部 X 射线检查，从而不能早期对肺癌做出诊断。如果想要保持治愈可能的话，尽早发现绝对必要。现代的 X 射线机由有技能的人来操作，它对 40 岁以上的人所产生的危险如此之小，以至于其危险不仅可以为其能发现一个很小的、可tuberculosis 结核病Too oftencurrent 当前，现在的emphasis 强调exposure 接触，暴露frighten 赶走routine 常规的prevent 预防diagnosis 诊断detection 发觉absolutely 绝对地essential 必要的maintain 保持，维持competent 有能力的ha
31、nd 操作职称英语 中级 概括大意与完成句子 5advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed. 以彻底切除的肿瘤这个优点所抵消，甚至还要更好。pose 造成（威胁等）offset 抵消，补偿tumor 瘤 4. A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma, so-called because the malignant originates in a bronchus. The tumor may grow
32、until the bronchus is blocked, cutting off the supply of air to that lung. The lung then collapses, and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected, with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess. Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph
33、 nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure, before secondary growths have had time to form, is to remove the lung completely. This operation is called pneumonectomy.肺癌的常见类型为支气管癌，之所以这样称呼是因为恶性肿瘤产生于支气管内。肿瘤会一直长到支气
34、管堵塞，切断了空气向肺的供结。然后肺衰竭，肺腔内的分泌物被感染，导致肺炎和肺脓肿。这种肺癌也会扩散，在胸部和颈部淋巴结、脑部以及身体的其他部位继发再生。可能治愈的唯一方法就是在继发肿瘤出现之前将肺全部切除。该手术叫作肺切除术。common 普通的，常见的bronchogenic 支气管的carcinoma 癌malignant 恶性的originate 发生，产生bronchus 支气管tumor 瘤supply 供给collapse 衰竭，奔溃secretion 分泌物 trap 困住infect 感染pneumonia 肺炎formation 形成，构成abscess 脓肿lymph no
35、de 淋巴结offer 提供，给予pneumonectomy 肺切除术5. Malignant tumors of the stomach, the breast, the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs, causing secondary growths.胃部、胸部、前列腺及其他器官的肿瘤也将扩散到肺部，造成继发。malignant 恶性的prostate 前列腺的gland 腺organ 器官secondary 第二的growth 生长，增长*第 9 篇 Aspirin - a New Miracle Dru
36、g阿司匹林 一种新的神奇药物1. Using aspirin, an over-the-counter pill on sale in every supermarket without a prescription, to treat serious circulatory disease may seem almost like quackery. But today doctors recognize this drug as a potent compound as important as antibiotics, digitalis and other miracle drugs.
37、使用阿司匹林这种不需处方、在每家超市柜台上都出售的药丸治疗严重的循环系统疾病，收到的奇效如同江湖医术。但是现在医生已经视其为与抗生素、毛地黄及其他特效药品同等重要的强效化合物。over-the-counter 不需要处方prescription 处方circulatory 循环的quackery 江湖医术recognize 承认potent 强效的compound 化合物antibiotics 抗生素digitalis 洋地黄miracle 特效2. In its natural form as willow bark and leaves，this remarkable remedy dat
38、es back to Hippocrates. In 1829 the chemical in the willow tree that can relieve pain and reduce fever was discovered to be salicin. By 1899 the Bayer Company in 以柳树皮和柳树叶作为天然形式，这种疗效显著的治疗可以回溯到希波克拉底时代。1829 年，人们发现柳树中能止痛退烧的化学元素为水杨醇葡萄糖甙。1899 年，德国拜尔公司上市了一willow 柳树bark 树皮remarkable 显著的remedy 治疗法date back 回
39、溯至salicin 水杨醇葡萄糖甙market 上市variant 变种职称英语 中级 概括大意与完成句子 6Germany had marketed a variant, acetylsalicylic acid, under the name of a aspirin.种变种商品，乙酰水杨酸，命名为阿司匹林。acetylsalicylic 乙酰水杨酸3. Since then, aspirin and compounds containing aspirin have been taken by tens of millions of arthritis patients. As a pa
40、in killer aspirin is, according to one study, more effective than all other analgesics and narcotics available for oral use. It also acts on the bodys thermostat, turning down fever.从那时起，数百万的关节炎患者服用阿司匹林以及含有阿司匹林的化合药物。根据一份研究报告，作为一种止痛剂，阿司匹林比其他所有可口服的止痛药及麻醉剂都更为有效，它同时也对人体保持恒温起作用，可以退烧。compound 化合物arthritis
41、 关节炎analgesic 止痛剂narcotic 麻醉剂available 有效的oral 口服的thermostat 恒温器4. But some of its powers remained unsuspected until recently. In 1950 the late Dr. Craven wrote to a small western medical journal about 400 overweight, sedentary male patients to whom he had given one or two aspirin tablets a day. Non
42、e had had a heart attack. He enlarged his group to 8,000 and in 1956 reported: “Not a single case of detectable coronary or cerebral thrombosis” and “no major stroke” had occurred in patients who had taken one or two tablets daily for from one to ten years. But his observations were largely ignored.
43、但是它的有些功能直到近来才被发现。1950 年，晚年的 Craven 博士给一家小型的西方医疗杂志写信，告知说他给约 400 个超重、很少活动的男性每天 1 片或 2 片阿司匹林。其中没有人得心脏病。他将实验人群扩大到 8 000 人，1956 年他汇报说：“无一病例发现有冠状动脉血栓或者脑血栓。病人每天服用 12 片持续 110 年，无一人发生严重中风。 ”但是，几乎没人重视他作的观察。remain 保持unsuspected 未被怀疑的recently 最近journal 杂志sedentary 不爱活动的enlarge 扩大detectable 可发觉的coronary 冠状动脉的cer
44、ebral 脑的thrombosis 血栓症occurred 发生5. Then Dr. Vane proved that aspirin turned off the bodys prostaglandins hormone like chemicals that can be secreted by every cell. Some potent prostaglandins are harmful compounds that create fever, pain and arthritis.One of them stimulates platelets in the blood to
45、 begin forming clots inside arteries. Aspirin blocks this dangerous effect.而后，Vane 博士证实了阿司匹林可以改变身体前列腺每个细胞可分泌的前列腺素的有害作用。一些强效的前列腺素是有害的化合药物，可导致发烧、疼痛以及关节炎。有一种前列腺素能刺激血小板形成动脉内的血块，而阿司匹林可以阻断它的有害作用。prostaglandin 前列腺素hormone 激素secrete 分泌potent 强效的stimulate 刺激platelet 血小板clot 凝块artery 动脉block 阻止，阻断6. Vanes fin
46、ding caused some researchers to recall Cravens 1956 observations，which now had a possible scientific explanation. Numerous studies were begun to find out whether aspirin could indeed inhibit heart attacks and stroke.Vane 的发现令一些研究者回想起 Craven 1956 年所做的观察，那些观察现在似乎有了科学的解释。人们开始从事大量研究，以求发现阿司匹林是否真正能够抑制心脏病发
47、作和中风。recall 回想起numerous 许多的，大量的inhibit 抑制7 .In 1972, ten US medical institutions began two “double-blind” trials of 303 patients who suffered from transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). 1972 年，美国 10 家医疗机构对303 名一次性缺血发作患者进行了两次“双盲”试验。institution 机构trial 试验suffer from 患（病）ischemic 缺血性的职称英语 中级 概括大意与完成句子 7Fou
48、r aspirin tablets a day were given to 153 patients, while placebo tablets were given to 150. Neither patients nor doctors knew which was which. After six months, the patients on aspirin had experienced much fewer TIAs, and fewer strokes and deaths from strokes than the “controls”. The results were s
49、o conclusive that aspirin has been used for this purpose widely.153 名患者每天服用 4 片阿司匹林，剩下的 150 名患者则服用安慰剂。患者和医生对所服药物究竟属于哪一种都全然不知。6 个月后，服用阿司匹林的患者一次性缺血及中风发作大大少于那些“安慰控制”的患者，中风病死率也明显降低。研究结果具有充足的说服力，于是阿司匹林便被广泛应用于这个目的。placebo 安慰剂，对照物experience 发作，经历control 控制conclusive 令人信服的purpose 目的*第 10 篇 The Safeness of IUDs for HIV-positive Women HIV 呈阳性妇女的宫内节育器的安全性1. Women infected with the most common form of HIV may safely use the intrauterine device (IUD) for con
