1、 “History is written by the victors.” This famous phrase reverberates throughout of the halls of the history, constantly reminds us to take all that we learn with a grain of salt, knowing that the information provided for our dissemination was provided, shaped and influenced by those left to open th
2、e pen that record it. In that respect, one of the worst crimes against history is the revision of it, the altering of record of the past so as to reflect the viewpoint of a biased group who stand to benefit from the altered version. By revising the lens by which history is judged, valuable informati
3、on is lost, to the detriment of both students of the field as well as the awareness that comes from experience. Without an accurately recorded account to serve as a guiding light, nations and societies are left to stumble their way about their affairs, ignorant of what has and hasnt worked before, a
4、nd unaware of what past events shaped and determined their present situation. Such dismal emerge from simple pride, as well as the desire of the revisionists to depict themselves in a better light to posterity or to cover up an embarrassing legacy, no matter the cost to the future.Recent attempts by
5、 nations involved in the Second World War to minimize or erase altogether certain shameful incidents from their history textbooks has been met with international outrage and protest, and rightly so. By allowing future generations to forget or never even learn about how their ancestors stumbled on th
6、e path to progress, the experiences of those who suffered as a result of those mistakes are trivialized and made to be in vain. Also, a false sense of national identity emerges, inconsistent and inaccurate in its formation. Both are heinous results for both nationals of that particular nation as wel
7、l as those of the international community, whose story intertwined to form the larger picture. When a single string in the tapestry of world history is unraveled by revision, the entire piece becomes a weaker one, subject to additional modification at the whim of those who would like to use history
8、as a tool for their own purposes, even if it means fundamentally changing it. This outcome must be avoided at all costs, firstly by not allowing a precedent to be established that makes it acceptable, even in a single case, to commit the revision. Otherwise, humans as race will fall prey to yet anot
9、her oft-quoted phrase： “History, if forgotten, is doomed to be repeated.” -1. What does the first sentence of the text imply?A . All historical accounts are invariably written by the winners. B . Winners have the moral obligation to accurately record events. C . Powerful people will often record exp
10、erience by themselves. D . Losers have little or no say in the documentation of their struggle. 正确答案:Losers have little or no say in the documentation of their struggle.题目详解:2. The author views the revision of history as A . Generally harmful when done so to favor one side. B . A good thing in some
11、exceptional situations. C . Always motivated by the desire to portray the reviser in a better light. D . Rendering the revised history useless for the purpose of analysis. 正确答案:Always motivated by the desire to portray the reviser in a better light.题目详解:3. Which of the following is true of historica
12、l revision?A . revision of World War II event has proven that such action are right. B . Historical revision has great impact on future generations. C . Revising history has little effect beyond the borders of any one country. D . Such revision results in an undeserved sense of national pride. 正确答案:
13、Historical revision has great impact on future generations.题目详解:4. By saying “When, a weaker one” (para.4） the author mean that A . A loss of reliability in any single segment of history makes the entire historical record suspect. B . History is an intertwined series of events coming together to for
14、m a larger picture. C . Once one piece of history is revised, the whole world will become weak. D . If the integrity of history is breached, it can soon be fully recovered. 正确答案:A loss of reliability in any single segment of history makes the entire historical record suspect.题目详解:5. The text intends
15、 to tell us that A . The revision of history leads to vital lessons. B . Historical revision is an international problem. C . revising history must be avoided in all situations at all cost. D . If revision of history goes on, the meaning behind the revised events will lose. 正确答案:revising history mus
16、t be avoided in all situations at all cost.题目详解:How many people really suffer as a result of labor market problem? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of the hardship. Unemployment does not have the same
17、dire consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the
18、 rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of the joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among th
19、e millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple earners, relatively affluent families.Most of those counted by poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so pove
20、rty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor pathologies. Yet there are also many ways our social statistics the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in pover
21、ty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support.Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or
22、 exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find fulltime work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a j
23、ob. Finally, income transfer in our country have always focused on the elderly, disable, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash transfer does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of s
24、uch contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of joblessness are in thousands or tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreeme
25、nt in this debate that the existing poverty, employment, and earning statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.-1. Which factor is mentioned in the comparing the situation in the 1930s and that of the present?A . Whether the
26、family can live comfortably without any income from working. B . Whether the unemployed is one of the wage-earners in the family. C . Whether the social welfare system is good enough for help D . Whether the unemployed are willing to work or not. 正确答案: Whether the social welfare system is good enoug
27、h for help题目详解:2. It can be inferred from the text that A . part-time workers always have lower wages than those with a full-time job. B . the employed lead a better life than the employed. C . the majority of the unemployed are not really harmed by employment. D . the employed are reluctant to help
28、 those jobless people. 正确答案: the majority of the unemployed are not really harmed by employment.题目详解:3. The expression “income transfer” most probably means A . the getting of money from the rich to help those in difficulty. B . the collecting of charity money for the poor. C . the exemption of taxe
29、s for people who are poor. D . the evasion exemption of taxes for people who need help for others. 正确答案:the getting of money from the rich to help those in difficulty.题目详解:4. According to the text, which of the following is true?A . The unemployment situation of today is as serious as that of the 19
30、30s. B . The earning statistics is of no use. C . People disagree on the consequences of high unemployment. D . The low income worker benefit much from income transfers. 正确答案:People disagree on the consequences of high unemployment.题目详解:5. The text intends to tell us A . joblessness and creation of
31、jobs to stimulate the economy and solve unemployment problems. B . social statistics failure in giving a neat picture of hardship caused by unemployment. C . The causes of unemployment and statistical instruments used for estimating such problems. D . the best tool for measuring the labor-market har
32、dship and its application in the labor-market. 正确答案:social statistics failure in giving a neat picture of hardship caused by unemployment.题目详解:Traffic statistics paint a gloomy picture. To help solve their traffic woes, some rapidly growing U.S. cities have simply built more roads. But traffic exper
33、ts say building more roads is a quick-fix solution that will not alleviate the traffic problem in the long run. Soaring land costs, increasing concern over social and environmental disruptions caused by road-building, and the likelihood that more roads can only lead to more cars and traffic are powe
34、rful factors bearing down on a 1950s-style constructions program.The goal of smart-highway technology is to make traffic systems work at optimum efficiency by treating the road and the vehicles traveling on them as an integral transportation system. Proponents of this advanced technology say electro
35、nic detection systems, closed-circuit television radio communication, ramp metering, variable message signing, and other smart highway technology can now be used at a reasonable cost to improve communication between drives and the people who monitor traffic.Pathfinder, a Santa Monica, California-bas
36、ed smart-highway project in which a 14-mile stretch of the Santa Monica Freeway, makes up what is called a “smart corridor”, is being instrumented with buried loops in the pavement. Closed-circuit television cameras survey the flow of traffic, while communications linked to properly equipped automob
37、iles advise motorists of the least congested routes or detours.Not all traffic experts, however, look to smart-highway technology as the ultimate solution to traffic gridlock. Some say the high-tech approach is limited and can only offer temporary solutions to a serious problem. “Electronics on the
38、highway address just one aspect of the problem： how to regulate traffic more efficiently,” explains Michel Renner, senior researcher at the World watch Institute. “It doesnt deal with the central problems of too many cars for roads that cant be built fast enough. It sends people the wrong message.”“
39、They start thinking Yes, there used to be a traffic congestion problem, but thats been solved now because we have an advanced high-tech system in place.”Larson agrees and adds, “ Smart highways is just one of the tools that we will use to deal with our traffic problems.Its not the solution itself, j
40、ust part if the package. There are different strategies.”Other traffic problem-solving options being studied and experience which include car pooling, rapid mass-transit systems, staggered or flexible work hours, and road pricing, a system whereby motorists pay a certain amount for the time they use
41、 a highway. It seems that we need a new, major thrust to deal with the traffic problems of the next 20 years. There has to be a big change.-1. The compound word“ quick-fix” (para1） most probably meansA . ready B . best C . helpful. D . efficient 正确答案:helpful.题目详解:2. According to the text, the smart
42、highway technology is aimed to A . improve communication between driver and the traffic monitors. B . integrate the road and the vehicles on them into a transportation system. C . optimize the highway capabilities. D . advise motorists of the least congested routes. 正确答案:optimize the highway capabil
43、ities.题目详解:3. Which of the following is true of Pathfinder?A . its smart corridor dealing with traffic problems. B . its a project of a 14-mile stretch of freeway. C . its a good example of smart highway technology. D . it offers ultimate solutions to a serious traffic problem. 正确答案:its a good examp
44、le of smart highway technology.题目详解:4. According to Larson, to deal with the traffic problem, A . overall strategies must be coordinated. B . rapid mass transit systems must be introduced. C . flexible work hours must be experimented. D . car pooling must be studied. 正确答案:overall strategies must be
45、coordinated.题目详解:5. Which of the following is the best title for this text?A . smart highway projectsthe ultimate solution to traffic congestion. B . a venture to remedy traffic woes. C . highways get smartpart of the package to relieve traffic gridlock. D . a quick-fix solution for the traffic prob
46、lems. 正确答案:highways get smartpart of the package to relieve traffic gridlock.题目详解:Opinions polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to say. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment
47、more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ours
48、elves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work？The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs. The industr
49、ial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospects of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the e
