1、1牙体牙髓病学 英文试题一、选择题1.对牙髓最具有破坏性的是 CA.Nd 激光 B.CO2 激光C.红激光 D.光固化灯E.牙髓活力电测定仪2.感染根管常见的优势菌不包括 CA.普氏菌 B.放线菌C.G 细菌 D.真杆菌E.梭形杆菌3.备洞时易损伤牙髓的因素不包括 BA.施力大 B.用冷却剂C.持续常时间钻磨 D.制备深的窝洞E.不用冷却剂4.与顽固性根尖周病变和窦道经久不愈可能有关的细菌为 BA.普氏菌 B.放线菌C.G细菌 D.真杆菌E.梭形杆菌5.判断牙髓活力最可靠的检查方法是 DA.热诊 B.冷诊C.牙髓活力电测定 D.试验性备洞E.X 线检查6诊断残髓炎最准确的依据是 EA.叩诊 B
2、.牙髓活力测试C.病史 D.症状E.探查治疗后根管有痛觉7急性根尖周脓肿最佳的排脓途径 CA.从牙周间隙排脓 B.从颊、舌侧粘膜或皮肤排出C.经根管从龋洞排脓 D.从上颌窦或鼻腔排脓E.以上都不对8感染侵入牙髓组织的途径 EA.深龋 B.深牙隐裂C.深牙周袋 D.重度磨耗E.以上都有可能9根尖周炎疼痛最剧烈的阶段是 BA.粘膜下脓肿期 B.骨膜下脓肿期C.浆液期 D.根尖脓肿期E.瘘管形成期10上颌第一磨牙的根管形态特点是： CA.多数是 2 根管，即 1 个颊根管和 1 个腭根管B.多数是 3 根管，即 1 个近颊、1 个远颊和 1 个腭根管C.多数是 4 根管，即 2 个近颊、1 个远颊和
3、 1 个腭根管D.多数是 4 根管，即 1 个近颊、2 个远颊和 1 个腭根管2E.多数是 4 根管，即 1 个近颊、1 个远颊和 2 个腭根管1115 号标准根管锉的锉尖直径和刃部末端直径分别是： DA.0.10mm 和 0.47mm B.0.10mm 和 0.45mmC.0.15mm 和 0.45mm D.0.15mm 和 0.47mmE.以上都不对12弯曲根管预备的常见并发症是： AA.根管台阶 B.药物性根尖周炎C.牙周组织坏死 D.皮下气肿E.误戏和误咽13根管预备的工作长度是指： DA.牙的实际长度 B.从牙冠参照点到牙本质牙釉质界C.从牙冠参照点到解剖根尖孔 D.从牙冠参照点到生
4、理根尖孔E.从牙冠参照点到距生理根尖孔 0.51mm14根管成形的标准是： AA.根管比原来直径至少扩大 3 个器械号B.根尖预备到 20 号标准器械C.根管内无大量渗出D.根管冲洗无混浊液体E.根管内无严重气味15下列哪一项不是牙髓切断术的潜在并发症： EA.根髓感染 B.根管钙化C.内吸收 D.牙髓坏死E.髓室穿孔16下列哪一项描述不是玻璃离子粘固剂修复术窝洞预备的特点（） CA.玻璃离子粘固剂与牙体组织有化学粘接，对固位形的要求可放宽B.不必作倒凹、鸠尾等固位形C.去除龋坏牙本质，必须作预防性扩展D.窝洞的点、线角圆钝E.洞缘釉质不作斜面17深龋患者激发痛较重，洞底软龋能够彻底去净，治疗
5、方法应选择（） CA.双层垫底，一次完成充填治疗B.局麻下开髓失活，行牙髓治疗C.先做安抚治疗，待 12 周复诊时症状消除后，再以双层垫底充填治疗D.实行活髓切断术E.间接盖髓、双层垫底，一次完成充填治疗18临床上不易查出的继发龋可用下列哪些方法帮助诊断（） CA.探诊 B.温度测验C.X 线 D.染色法E.麻醉法19深龋备洞时，下列哪项措施是错误的（） AA.洞底平、侧壁直，两相垂直 B.去尽腐质C.保护牙髓 D.洞缘线圆钝E.尽量保留健康牙体组织20复合树脂充填后脱落的原因如下，除了（） A3A.制备了固位形 B.牙齿表面未注意清洁C.酸蚀后的牙面接触唾液 D.未制备洞斜面E.充填体过薄2
6、1下列哪项不是窝洞的基本固位形( ) BA.侧壁固位 B.钉道固位C.倒凹固位 D.鸠尾固位E.梯形固位22制备倒凹是为了：( ) BA.获得良好的抗力形 B.获得良好的固位形C.便于垫底 D.便于充填E.便于放置盖髓剂23V 类洞充填备洞时，要求：( ) AA.适当的固位形 B.严格的抗力形C.必须做鸠尾 D.口小底大E.底平壁直24右下颌第一恒磨牙颊面龋洞破坏越过边缘嵴至咬合面窝沟是：( ) AA.I 类洞 B.II 类洞C.III 类洞 D.IV 类洞E.V 类洞25垫底的部位为：( ) DA.仅在髓壁 B.仅在轴壁C.仅在侧壁 D.仅在髓壁和轴壁E.任何壁均可垫26下列说法正确的是 B
7、A.男性患龋率略高于女性B.龋病流行率主要随社会经济模式而变化C.龋病流行模式依靠地理环境而改变D.遗传因素对龋病的发生和发展产生重要的影响E.环境因素对龋病的发生和发展无影响27釉质龋损害的 4 个区不包括 AA.坏死区 B.透明带C.暗带 D.损害体部E.釉质表面层28牙本质龋损在光镜下可看到微生物渗透至牙本质小管的区域是 BA.坏死区 B.感染层C.牙本质脱矿区 D.硬化区E.修复性牙本质层29静止龋属于 BA.急性龋 B.慢性龋C.继发龋 D.牙釉质龋E.牙骨质龋30病程进展快，多数牙在短期内同时患龋的急性龋称为 EA.湿性龋 B.慢性龋C.干性龋 D.继发龋4E.猛性龋31. Whi
8、ch is the best way of pain control for endodontic treatmentA Local anesthetics B DevitalizationC Analgesics D Occlusal reductionE Incising and drainage32. Which one is not the reason for use of rubber damA Protect aspiration or swallowing of instruments or irrigantsB Eliminate the dental fear of pat
9、ientsC Improve visibilityD Reduced risk of cross-contaminationE Legal considerations33. The following statements are correct exceptA Nearly all canals exhibit a certain degree of curvature.B There may be more than one canals within one root.C The apical foramen usually opens at the anatomical apex.D
10、 Apical constriction occurs at 0.51mm from the apical foramen.E Lateral and accessory canals might be the cause of treatment failure.34. Which one is wrong regarding the principle of access cavityA Straight-line accessB Conservation of tooth structureC Unroofing of the chamber and exposure of pulp h
11、ornsD .Facial surface of anterior teethE Occlusal surface of posterior teeth35. The advantages of gutta-percha as a filling material areA It is compactible and adapts excellently to the irregularities and contour of the canalB It is radiopaqueC It can be easily removed from the canal when necessaryD
12、 It can be softened and made plastic by heat or by organic solventsE All of the above36. Which one is incorrect about the criteria of the root canal is ready to be filled after the completion of root canal cleaning and shaping?A The tooth is asymptomatic. B The canal is wet.C There is no sinus tract
13、. D There is no foul odor.E The temporary filling is intact37. Which one is not the pathways of pulpal and periapical infections?A Dentinal tubules B Pulp exposureC Gingival D Periodontal ligamentE Anachoresis38. Tug-back is achieved and the canal is ready for fillingA When the gutta-percha has exte
14、nded beyond the apexB When the gutta-percha is easily removed from the root canalC When the gutta-percha placed to apical constriction exhibits resistance on removalD After cementationE None of above539. Most root canal infections involveA a single obligate anaerobic speciesB multiple anaerobic spec
15、ies onlyC mixed aerobic and anaerobic microorganismsD multiple aerobic species onlyE none of above40. An abnormally shaped tooth that may appear as an extra wide crown,a normal crown with an extra root,or other combinations resulting from the union of two adjacent tooth germs by dentin during develo
16、pment is calledA fused teeth B concresence of teethC geminated teeth D dilacerations of toothE taurodontism41. Which isnt the non-operative treatment of dental caries in the following?A application of fluoride B application of APF gelC remineralizative therapy D enameloplastyE pit and fissure sealin
17、g42. Which is not the aim of operative therapy on the dental caries management?A To remove infected dentine and prohibit cariesB To protect the pulp and avoid painC To enhance the strength of the toothD To facilitate plaque controlE To restore the appearance(of teeth)and its function43. Which is the
18、 best statement about resistance formA Resistance form is the design of a cavity in such a way that the remaining tooth substance and the restorative material can withstand masticatory stressB The bulk required will depend on the flexural strength of restorative material.In the case of amalgam it is
19、 estimated that a minimum of 1.5-2mm thickness of the restorative material is required to withstand masticatory stressC If a marginal ridge is found to be too weak in the cause of an occlusal cavity preparation,a Class II cavity may have to be prepared instead,so as to eliminate the weak marginal ri
20、dge.This is particularly indicated where the ridge is only of enamel thickness and unsupported by sound dentineD The cavity should be designed that the occlusal margins of the cavity are in areas not subjected to excessive occlusal trauma,otherwise the enamel wall of the cavity and/or the margins of
21、 the restorative material may fracture.In practice,this may be achieved by placing an occlusal margins of a cavity about one-quarter(1/4)of the intercuspal distance.Note,that efforts should always be made to conserve sound tooth tissueE All of the above44. Which is the most danger area of tooth in d
22、ental caries occurred after you have learned dental caries?A Pits and fissures on occlusal surfaces of molars and premolarsB Approximal surfaces of all teeth.C Gingival thirds of all teeth,both on facial and lingual surfacesD Pits and fissures near the lingual of maxillary incisors and canines(lingu
23、al pits)6E Pits and fissures on the buccal of molars45. Which is not true in the following statement about dental caries and micro-organisms?A Caries could be induced by specific bacteria,especially mutans streptococci-group(eg.Streptococcus mutans and Strep.sobrinus).B There are caries occurred whe
24、n only fed a cariogenic(high sucrose)diet.C In the60s Keyes infected germ-free animals with known strains of streptococci and found that these organisms were transferred to uninfected litter mates who then became susceptible to caries.He thus demonstrated that dental caries was potentially infectiou
25、s and transmissible.D When talking about cariogenic microorganisms,we often refer to Streptococcus mutans,Lactobacillus and Actinomyces.E Occlusal caries could be prevented using penicillin in animal study.46. The advantages glass-ionomer cement includeA high adhesion propertiesB low abrasion proper
26、tiesC use as a permanent restorationD reduction in caries due to fluoride releasing propertiesE all of the above47. Which one of the statements is error in retentive pin placementA be avoided bifurcation and trifurcation areasB parallel to the external surface of the toothC many pin holes be better
27、placed in different planesD the length of pin in dentine should be longer than that of in restorationE be in the hardest dentine48. The reasons of spontaneous pain after tooth filling includeA mistakenly judge the condition of pulp B neglect small pulp exposureC irritation of materials to pulp D res
28、idual carious dentineE all of the above49. Which of the following is a contra-indication to endodontic treatmentA DiabetesB PregnancyC HIV-infected patientsD Patient suffering from heart attack within past 6 monthsE Cancer50. Central cusp is most common inA maxillary the second premolars B maxillary
29、 the first premolarsC mandibular the first premolars D mandibular the second premolarsE maxillary the second molars51. Submerged deciduous teeth occurs most common inA primary maxillary the second molars B primary maxillary the first molarsC primary central incisors D primary mandibular the second m
30、olarsE primary mandibular the first molars52. In clinical assessment,which is not correct?A Spontaneous discomfort at night provide a clue as the tooth is inflamedB Vitalometer tests are very unreliable7C If the tooth is excessively mobile,it may have abnormal root resorptionD Swelling or with a fis
31、tulous tract is indicative of a necrotic pulpE No pain history affirmed no inflammation53. If you mechanically expose the mesiobuccal pulp horn on the primary maxillary first molar.The carious lesion on the mesial and distal surfaces is moderate,the treatment now should beA Pulp capping with Ca(OH)2
32、;restor with silver amalgamB Pulpotomy;restored with a stainless steel crownC Pulpectomy;restored with a stainless steel crownD Pulp capping with Ca(OH)2;restored with a stainless steel crownE Extraction and a space maintainer54. The tooth of root fracture should be treated with splint forA 2-3 week
33、s B 1-2weeksC 3-8 weeks D 2-3 monthsE 1-2 months55. In which situation below the pulp would be exposed?A Enamel infraction B Enamel fraciureC Enamel-dentin fracture D Complicated crown fractureE Uncomplicated crown-root fracture56. We should advocate a routine dental appointment on or beforeA the ZE
34、RO birthday B the first birthdayC the second birthday D the third birthdayE the six birthday57. The order of susceptibility of the primary teeth to carious attack is as followsA Mandibular primary molarMaxillary primary incisorMaxillary primary molarmandibular primary anterior teethB Maxillary prima
35、ry incisorMaxillary primary molarmandibular primary molarmandibular primary anterior teethC Maxillary primary incisormandibular primary molarmandibular primary anterior teethMaxillary primary molarD Maxillary primary incisormandibular primary molarMaxillary primary molarmandibular primary anterior t
36、eethE Maxillary primary incisormandibular primary anterior teethmandibular primary molarMaxillary primary molar58. A 7 years old boy with bilateral loss of the mandibular primary first and second molars,which of the following may be bestA Band and loop respectively B Lingual archC Removable applianc
37、es D Distal shoeE None of them59. Clinical features of dental fluorosis do not includeA The lesion symmetrically distributed in the mouth,but not all teeth are equally affectedB The least affected teeth are the incisors and first permanent molarsC Changes from fine white opaque lines running across
38、the tooth on all parts of the enamel to features where parts of the chalky white and porous outer enamel become detached and discolored8D The loss of surface enamel in the severest cases results in a loss of anatomical form of the teethE Well-demarcated borders lesion along incremental line60. For i
39、ntrusive luxation of teeth,the most common complication isA Pulp necrosis B OsteitisC Root resorption D Alveolar process resorptionE All of above二、名词解释1、acquired pellicle 2、resistance form3、indirect pulp capping 4、retrograde pilpitis5、自发痛和激发痛 6、Dentine hypersensitivity7、Smear layer 8、Pulpotomy9、Init
40、ial apical file 10、Dental plaque三、简答题1.简述影响根管冲洗效果的因素2.简述深龋的治疗特点3.简述深龋的治疗特点4.简述窝洞的基本固位形5.简述牙隐裂的病因6.What is the sequelae of root fractures?7.Please briefly describe the benefits of root canal irrigation.8.What is the goals of pulp therapy in children?9.What are the properties of the Cariogenic Bacteri
41、a?四、问答题1、详述窝洞的结构及窝洞预备的基本原则结构2、引起牙髓活力测定误诊的原因是什么？3、根尖周脓肿与急性牙周脓肿的鉴别要点4、Please discuss the purpose of root canal preparation and the procedures of Step-down technique.5、Explain the indications and types of pulp treatment for primary and young permanent teeth.6、State The Principles Of Cavity Preparation
42、on Amalgam Restoration.9答案一、选择：1CCBBD 6 ECEBC 11DADAE 16CCCAA 21BBAAD 26BABBE31BCDEB 36CCCAD 41DCEAB 46EDEDA 51DEBDD 56BDCEA二、名词解释1、acquired pellicle：唾液蛋白或糖蛋白吸附至牙面所形成的生物膜称获得性膜。2、resistance form：修复体和余留牙结构获得足够抗力，在承受合力时不折裂的形状称抗力形。3、indirect pulp capping(P91)用具有消炎和促进牙髓牙本质修复反应的制剂覆盖于洞底，促进软化牙本质再矿化和修复性牙本质形成
43、，从而全部生活牙髓的方法叫间接盖髓术。4、retrograde pulpitis逆行性牙髓炎：感染来源于深牙周袋，通过根尖孔或测副根管逆行入牙髓，引起跟部牙髓的慢性炎症。5、自发痛和激发痛自发痛是指患牙在未受到外界刺激而发生的疼痛。激发痛是指患牙受到外界刺激而发生的疼痛。6.Dentine HypersensitivityDentine hypersensitivity is a form of hypersensitivity caused by the effect of thermal,tactile,osmotic or chemical stimuli on exposed dent
44、ine.7.smear layerCutting or abrading the hard tissues with rotary and hand instruments produces a little chips or particles which attached to the tooth surface produce the smear layer8.PulpotomyIt is indicated for carious or mechanical exposures in primary teeth and to induce root closures in the yo
45、ung permanent dentition9.initial apical fileThe first file that binds in the canal at WL.10.dental plaqueAn adherent deposits of bacteria and their products,which is not mineralized and forms on all tooth,denture restorations surfaces.It is not an accident accumulation of bacteria but develops in a
46、sequence of steps.三、简答题1、简述影响根管冲洗效果的因素a 药物种类；b 根管的直径；c 冲洗的液体量；d 病变情况；e 根管内玷污层2、简述深龋的治疗特点a 停止龋病发展，促进牙髓的防御性反应；b 保护牙髓c 正确判断牙髓状况；d 治疗方法：垫底充填，安抚治疗，间接盖髓术3、简述窝洞的基本固位形a 侧壁固位；b 到凹固位；c 鸠尾固位；d 梯形固位4简述牙隐裂的病因10a 牙结构的薄弱环节是隐裂牙发生的易感因素b 牙尖斜度愈大，所产生的水平分力愈大c 创伤性合力5.What is the sequelae of root fractures?Healing with ca
47、lcified tissueHealing with interproximal connective tissueHealing with interproximal bone and connective tissueInterproximal inflammatory tissue without healing6.Please briefly describe the benefits of root canal irrigation.Gross debridementFrequency and volume of irrigantIntracanal placement of del
48、ivery needleElimination of microbesDissolution of pulp remnantsRemoval of the smear layerLubricating instrument7.What is the goals of pulp therapy in children?Allowing the tooth to remain in the mouth in a nonpathologic stateMaintenance of arch length and tooth spaceRestoration of comfort with the a
49、bility to chewPrevention of speech abnormalities and abnormal habits8.What are the properties of the Cariogenic Bacteria?Acidogenic:they are able to produce acid rapidly from fermentable carbohydrates.Aciduric:They thrive under acid conditions.Adherent:Able to adhere to the tooth surface because of their ability to synthesize sticky extracelluar polysaccharides from dietary sugars.四、问答题1、详述窝洞的结构及窝洞预备的基本原则结构洞壁：测壁，髓壁（轴壁）洞角：线角，点角，轴髓线角洞缘：洞缘角抗力形：洞深，盒状洞形，阶梯结构，窝洞的外形，去除无基釉和避免形成无基釉，薄壁弱尖的处理固位形：侧壁固位，倒凹固位，鸠尾固位，梯形固位原则去净龋坏组织保护牙髓组织尽量保留健康牙体组织2、引起牙髓活力测定误诊的原因是
