1、一、时间状语从句要点: 时间状语从句，由以下连词引导：when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。1.when 当.的时候Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.(当) 莫扎特 4 岁的时候，开始写音乐作品。2.while 当.时He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.他在旅途中参观了许多地
2、方。3.as 在.的同时；一边 .一边.He smiled as he stood up.他一边站起来一边笑着。4.after 在.之后He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.前几天做完作业之后回的家。5.before 在.之前Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.布朗先生来这之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。6.as soon as 一.就.We began to work as soon as we got
3、 there.我们一到那就开始工作。I will write to you as soon as I get home.我一到家就给你写信。7.since 自。 。 。以来 到现在表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间) 为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago. 自格林先生来中国以来，他就在这所学校教书。(还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语： since three years ago(自三年前以来) 表示。)8 till
4、/until都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。They walked till /until it was dark.他们一直走到天黑。Xiao Ming didnt leave home till / until his father came back.小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家。9. by the time 到。 。 。为止 (所在句子的主句应用完成时)By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.他到家的时候，他爸爸已经走了。By the time I got to schoo
5、l, the class had already began.我到校时，已经开始上课了。时间状语从句（adverbial clause of time）1.由 when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句。例如：When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force tha
6、t on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候，它在生长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切！Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候，请你照看一下我的衣服。You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。Our
7、headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长边谈边笑。when, while 和 as 的区别when 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when 有时表示“就在那时”。例如：When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。 （延续性的动词）We were about to leave when he came in.
8、我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。While 引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应） 。并且 while 有时还可以表示对比。例如：While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading 是延续性的动词，was reading 和 was watching 同时发生)I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。 （对比）As 表示“ 一边一边 ”，as 引导的动作是
9、延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as 也可以强调“一先一后。例如：We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。 （ as 表示“一边一边”）As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。 （as 强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）as when while 的辨析as when while 都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下：表示“一边。 。 。一边的意思 as 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时用于发生时间较短时when1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作
10、之前 或之后发生。2、whenand then; at that moment ( 正在那个时候)while 1、用于时间较长时2、 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以。lIt was raining hard when (as) I got there.我到那里时，正在下大雨。 ( 动作同时发生，when 可换为 as, 但不能换为while，因为 get 是点动词.)lWhen I had read the article, he called me.我看完这篇代章之后，她给我打了电话。( 从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用 when )lWhe
11、n I got to the cinema, the film had begun.(当) 我到了电影院时，电影已经开演了。(从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意时态)lHe was about to leave, when the telephone rang.他正要离开，忽然电话响了。( 此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达 “正在” “即将”.while, as 不能代替lShe thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.他以为我在谈她女儿
12、，然而，实际上在谈论我女儿。(表转折，对比，when, as 都不能代替它)lWhile the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.外星人买纪念品时，那女孩给警察打了电话。(表示主句，从句的动作同时发生，while 后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长时间)lMother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away.妈妈担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，特别是他父亲不在家的
13、时候。(此时 as ,when, while 可通用)2.由 before 和 after 引导的时间状语从句。注意 before 引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当 before 引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才” 。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果 before 引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After 表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与 before 引导的从句相反。例如：It will be four days before they come back.
14、 他们要过四天才能回来。Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以
15、后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。 （从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）3.由 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句。till 和 until 一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用 until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如： I didnt go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
16、It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。I didnt work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。4.由 since 引导的时间状语从句。since 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在 It
17、 is 时间since 从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如：I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。知识扩展1. It is since 从。 。 。以来
18、多长时间了( 因为 since +从句或名词，表示一段时间)It is five years since we met last time.从我们上次见面已经五年了。2. It is +before(。 。 。才)It was a long time before I went to sleep again.过了很长时间我才睡着。It was an hour before(until) the police arrived.过了一个小时，警察才来。5.由 as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant,
19、 the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一就”。例如：I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)when / before, no soonerthan 相当于 as
20、 soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当 hardly, scarcely, rarely 和 no sooner 位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如：He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。Hardly h
21、ad I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。6.由 by the time 引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如：By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已
22、经写完这本书了。By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。 7.由 each time, every time 和 whenever 引导的时间状语从句。例如：Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that hes about to tell a lie.每当那个人说
23、“说实在话” 的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。8.由 as long as 和 so long as 引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“有多久就多久”。例如：You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回来就行。I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚
24、存，我就要反对这种境况。编辑本段二 地点状语从句地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place)地点状语从句一般由连接副词 where, wherever 等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，要点: 由连词 where 和复合关系词 wherever (=no matter where )引导.例如：句型 1：Where地点从句， （there）主句。【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里哪里就”；主句在从句后面时，there 可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用 there。例如：Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or i
25、mpossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党，哪里人民得解放。句型 2：Anywhere/
26、wherever地点从句，主句。【注意】anywhere 本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于 wherever, anywhere 引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。 而 wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。例如：Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。知识扩展1.Where there is a will , there is a way.有志者事竟成。(谚语 )1.It will be mixed school where not all the children are
27、disabled.他将是一所混合式学校，那里的儿童并不都是残疾。(在限定性定语从句中对限先行词起限定作用。)2.Wherever you go , I go too.无论你到什么地方，我都去。(wherever=no matter where)无论何处，多用于句首。3.Wherever there is smoke , there is fire.无风不起浪。(谚语 )4. While she was wondering where to go , she met a policeman.疑问副词 where 后跟不定式,构成不定式短语.编辑本段三、条件状语从句要点： 表示状语从句由连词 if
28、, unless (=if not) 引导。1.If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足.2.You will get good grades if you study hard. 如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩.3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too.我不会去参加聚会的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)4.You will be late unless you leave immediately.如果你不马上走,你将会迟到的.(=If you
29、dont leave immediately, you will be late.)难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时.lHe will not leave if it isnt fine tomorrow.一般将来时， 一般现在时lThey are going to have a picnic if it doesnt rain next week.一般将来时, 一般现在时编辑本段四、原因状语从句要点: 由连词 because, since, as 引导, 也可由 for, now that 等词引导1.I didnt go to sch
30、ool yesterday because I was ill.我昨天没去上学，因为我生病了。2. Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都来了, 让我们开始开会吧.3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.既然你身体不好, 你就不该熬夜.4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她.难点because , since , as , for,
31、 辨析1） because 语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答 why 提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用 as 或 since。I didnt go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2） 由 because 引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用 for 来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用 for。He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill.He must
32、 be ill, for he is absent today.五、目的状语从句要点： 目的状语从句由连词 that, so that, sothat , in order that 引导。1.so that 以至, 以便Ill run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的)我将慢慢跑以至你能赶上我。I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. (目的)我把窗户打开以使新鲜空气可以进来。2.in order that=so that:为了We shall let you know t
33、he details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.不久我们将会让你知道详情,以便你们能够做出安排。(目的)编辑本段六、结果状语从句要点：结果状语从句由连词( so )that, sothat, suchthat, so much/manythat 引导。1.sothat 如此以至于The scientists report was so instructive that we were all very excited.科学家的报告很有启发性，我们感到很兴奋。He always studied so hard th
34、at he made great progress.他总是那么努力，结果他取得了很大的进步。2. suchthat 如此。 。 。以至Its such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park. 天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去公园玩。3.比较：so 和 such其规律由 so 与 such 的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词 many, few, much, little(这四个形容词表多或表少时)连用，形成固定搭配。so foolish such
35、 a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowers so much / little money. such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people （ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用 such 搭配。 ）sothat 与 suchthat 之间的转换既为 so 与 such 之间的转换。The boy is so young that he
36、 cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he cant go to school难点+形容词或副词+形+a(an)+单数可数名词so +many 或 few+复数可数名词 +that+much 或 little+不可数名词so that ,suchthat 都可以 in order that 两者皆可引导目的地状语从句和结果状语从句，当他们引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常常有 can, could, may, might, will, would 等次。so +adj 或 adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上两种句型
37、都表示结果,其中 so 为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，当可数名词前有 many, few；不可数名词前有 much, little 修饰时，应采用句型：so many (few, much, little )+n. 。 such 为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数,单数,则必须在名词前加冠词 a(an). 常见的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people.1。Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.我跌了很多跤，浑身数摔得清一块紫
38、一块.2。there are so few notebooks that I cant give you any.笔记本太少了,我一本也给不了你.3。It is such nice weather that Id like to take a walk.天气是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步.4。Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.麦克是如此诚实的一个人,以至于大家都相信他(=Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.)5。The weather is so nice that
39、Id like to take a walk.天气是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步.编辑本段七、让步状语从句要点: 表示让步的状语从句由连词 though, although 引导.难点：lthough, although 当虽然讲 , 都不能和 but 连用. Although,(though)but 的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同 yet (still) 连用. 所以 thought (although)yet(still)的格式是正确的.Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.Right : Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.Right : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.
